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Author : James E. Anderson,J. Peter Neary Publisher : World Bank Publications Page : 37 pages File Size : 41,5 Mb Release : 1993 Category : Comercio internacional ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Domestic Distorions and International Trade by James E. Anderson,J. Peter Neary Pdf
In this paper we develop techniques for measuring the trade policy equivalent of domestic distortions, using a distance function approach. Our measure, the Trade Restrictiveness Index, is shown to equal the uniform tariff which is welfare-equivalent to a given pattern of domestic taxes and subsidies. We extend the Index to incorporate taxes on non-traded goods and factor markets and illustrate its operationality with an application to liberalization in Mexican agriculture. We conclude that our Index has considerable potential in empirical work and as an aid to trade negotiators.
Nontariff Distortions of International Trade by Robert E. Baldwin Pdf
The auther suggests ways to mitigate the effects of import quotas, export subsidies, governmental procurement policies, border taxes, domestic production subsidies, customs evaluation procedures, antidumping codes, and various ...
International Trade, Distortions and Long-Run Economic Growth by Jong-Wha Lee Pdf
The links between trade and growth are examined in a neoclassical model of an open economy in which domestic production requires both domestic and imported inputs. The model shows that trade distortions induced by such government policies as tariffs and exchange controls generate cross-country divergences in growth rates and in per capita income over a long transitional period. The empirical results confirm that tariff rates and black market premia, interacting with an estimate of the share of free trade imports, have significant negative effects on the growth rate of per capita income across countries in the orders of magnitude predicted by the model.
The Pure Theory of International Trade and Distortions (Routledge Revivals) by Bharat Hazari Pdf
First published in 1978. This book provides a simple, systematic, yet rigorous treatment of the key aspects of the pure theory of international trade and distortions. The opening chapter presents the standard two-factor, two-commodity barter model of international trade and a comprehensive treatment of the important properties and relationships. The rest of the book consists of four sections: parts One and Two are devoted to an analysis of factor market imperfections, and Parts Three and Four consider the trade-theoretical consequences of product market imperfections. A concluding chapter presents some generalised theorems. This book would be of interest to students of economics.
Fairness in the World Economy by Americo Beviglia Zampetti Pdf
Americo Beviglia Zampetti s Fairness in the World Economy provides an important lens into understanding fairness debates in contemporary trade discourse. . . an important contribution to the trade literature. . . the historical excavation that Fairness in the World Economy provides is of great value. Students and scholars alike will find Zampetti s clear and concise history of US trade policy from the founding to the present to be extremely useful. More importantly, at a time when there is widespread argument that too few share in [globalization s] benefits [and] too many have no voice in its design and no influence on its course, Fairness in the World Economy invites its readers to consider the adequacy of the level playing field notion of fairness and to grapple with the politically contentious question of how trade can help create a more just international economic order. Jeffrey L. Dunoff, The American Journal of International Law This is an unusually timely and insightful work, addressing the crucial issue of the justice of globalization. The author avoids the polemics and abstractions with which this question is usually treated; his economic literacy as well as hands-on policy experience in international and transnational institutions, make this a uniquely practical, balanced and nuanced account, bringing much clarity to a heated debate, which usually divides the different disciplines and specialities rather than inciting their engagement. Robert L. Howse, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, US This volume describes the birth (with all the birth defects) of the notion of fairness in the US. The extent of the author's research is quite breathtaking: not only does he delve into an infinite series of official and semi-official documents, but he also looks at case law, opinions expressed in the literature etc., to come up with an expression of (US) fairness that does not suffer from selection bias. But this is only half what the author has accomplished through his work. He goes on to examine how US fairness has been exported to international institutions (such as the GATT/WTO regime) and demonstrates how, once discussed and shaped among all trading partners, it has come back to the US in a different form. The book thus provides both the inside out and the outside in perspective. It will prove invaluable for the political scientist, the economic historian and the lawyer alike. Petros C. Mavroidis, Edwin B. Parker Professor of Law, Columbia Law School, US and University of Neuchatel, Switzerland & CEPR This book represents a significant scholarly contribution to the field of international political economy, with particular respect to the evolution of the multilateral trading system. The author engages effectively with the current debate concerning the conflict between the legalistic foundations of the multilateral trading system underpinned by the equality of nation states and the demands for fair trade on the basis of inter-personal equity. It is a coherent and well-researched book on a critically important issue that has not received the significant attention that it deserves within the field of international trade policy. Robert Read, Lancaster University Management School, UK In an international context, fairness is particularly important, since only a system which is perceived by its participants as fair can command acceptance and compliance. The main focus of this study is to investigate the development of the notion of fairness in US trade policy and law as well as the impact this notion has on international trade discussions and rule-making, and especially on the formation of the multilateral trade regime. The contention of the author, Americo Beviglia Zampetti, is that fairness concerns, which have been present in the US trade policy debates and treaty practice since the Republic s inception, have contributed to shaping these debates and practice over the years, both at home and abroad. These concerns were
International Trade and the Environment by Judith M. Dean Pdf
This title was first published in 2002: The interrelationship between international trade and the environment has become the subject of much heated debate. These complex and strong concerns are given voice in this comprehensive and accessible text that brings together the leading journal articles dealing with the fundamental questions about this most important international problem. International Trade and the Environment offers an invaluable source of contemporary international research for all those researching, studying or practicing across the fields of international trade, environmental economics, applied microeconomics and other related areas.
International trade plays a definitive role in the economic growth process. The developing countries accounted for over one quarter of total world trade by value in the early eighties; this proportion declined to a fifth in 1987. The developing countries, except for a handful of them, have made serious and expansive errors in their trade policies. The primary objective of Professor Das is to clear the cobwebs of confusion and misgivings that are only too apparent in the realm of trade policy. The book is addressed to the domestic as well as the international aspects of trade policy in the developing countries. It takes the neoclassical economic philosophic lines and makes an analytical case for free trade with hard-hitting arguments.
Subsidies in International Trade by Gary Clyde Hufbauer,Joanna R. Shelton Pdf
Now available directly from: IIE 11 Dupont Circle, NW Washington, DC 20036 Tel: (202) 328-9000 Subsidies raise some of the most important and difficult issues of contemporary international economic relations. They are increasingly viewed as a key source of distortions to trade and investment flows and, while important initial steps have been made to bring them under international control, most governments view these efforts as an intrusion into their national sovereignty, and sharp differences remain concerning the nature and legitimacy of various subsidy practices. This book seeks to explain and analyze both the concepts underlying the subsidy problem and the most important of the issues involved. It discusses the various standards used to determine the existence and impact of subsidies in both agricultural and industrial trade, focusing in particular on the highly contentious problems of export credits, tax incentives, and the treatment of developing countries. One section of the book covers domestic subsidies, defining and relating them to international trade and offering proposals on how to deal with them constructively. The book concludes with a series of proposals for improving the ability of the international trading system to deal with problems posed by subsidies. These include more extensive (and perhaps altered) use of countervailing duties, the new concept of countervailing subsidies, and other possible means of handling third country markets. Changes in the existing international regime and in domestic legal structures are recommended to limit the adverse economic and political effects of subsidy practices. Gary Clyde Hufbauer is a Senior Fellow at the Institute and former Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Trade and Investment Policy. Joanna Shelton-Erb is an international economist at the United States Treasury Department.
The Gains from Trade and the Gains from Aid by Murray C. Kemp Pdf
This book focuses on the normative side of trade theory and is divided into five parts: * trade under perfect competition; * restricted trade under perfect competition; * trade under imperfect competition and other distortions; * Compensation: lumpsum, non-lumpsum or neither? * International trade
Anthology of readings on the economic theory of international trade economics - explores the theoretical foundations of the heckschern-ohlen model of comparative advantage, and covers free trade, trade policy, tariff analysis, trade and economic development, etc. References.
The Economics of Trade Protection by Neil Vousden Pdf
Over the past two decades there has been a gradual but fundamental change in the nature of trade protection. Even as international negotiation has succeeded in reducing tariffs to low levels, national governments have resorted to a range of increasingly intricate policies to protect their domestic industries from foreign competition. Direct quantitative restrictions on international trade have become particularly widespread. Such nontariff barriers often have very different effects from tariffs and require careful analysis in their own right. This book presents a systematic overview of the modern theory of trade protection. The material in the book divides naturally into four sections. The first section covers trade restrictions in competitive markets, the second trade restrictions and imperfect competition, the third the political economy of trade protection, and the fourth the theory of policy reform. The presentation makes extensive use of diagrams, with the more difficult mathematics included in six appendixes.
