Drinking Water Legislation Oversight And Contaminants

Author : Jens A. Kruse
Publisher : Nova Snova
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2020-03-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1536174467

Get Book

Drinking Water: Legislation, Oversight and Contaminants by Jens A. Kruse Pdf

Congress has long deliberated on the condition of drinking water infrastructure and drinking water quality as well as the financial and technical challenges some public water systems face in ensuring the delivery of safe and adequate water supplies. Several events and circumstancesâincluding source water contamination incidents; water infrastructure damage from natural disasters, such as hurricanes; detection of elevated lead levels in tap water in various cities and schools; and the nationwide need to repair or replace aging drinking water infrastructureâhave increased national attention to these issues. America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018. Chapter 1 focuses on the drinking water provisions of Title II and Title IV of AWIA, which authorize appropriations for several drinking water and wastewater infrastructure programs for projects that promote compliance, address aging drinking water infrastructure and lead in school drinking water, and increase drinking water infrastructure resilience to natural hazards. Chapter 2 summarizes the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and its major programs and regulatory requirements. The quality of water delivered by public water systems has been regulated at the federal level since enactment of the 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Since then, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued regulations for more than 90 contaminants, and all states (except Wyoming) have assumed primary responsibility for administering the federal drinking water program and overseeing public water system compliance. Congress last broadly amended the law in 1996. Among the key provisions, the 1996 amendments authorized a Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) program to help public water systems finance improvements needed to comply with federal drinking water regulations and to address the most serious risks to human health as reported in chapter 3. Drinking water contaminated with lead in Flint, Michigan, renewed awareness of the danger lead poses to the nation's drinking water supply. Lead exposure through drinking water is caused primarily by the corrosion of plumbing materials, such as pipes, that carry water from a water system to pipes in homes. EPA set national standards to reduce lead in drinking water with the Lead and Copper Rule (LCR). Chapters 4-7 review the issue of elevated lead in drinking water. According to DOD, about 3 million people in the United States receive drinking water from DOD public water systems, which are to comply with EPA and state health-based regulations. EPA and DOD have detected elevated levels of two unregulated, DOD-identified emerging contaminants found in firefighting foamâPFOS and PFOAâin drinking water at or near installations. Perchlorate, an unregulated chemical used by DOD in rocket fuel, can also be found in drinking water. Chapters 8-11 review DOD management of these drinking water contaminants.

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Pollution
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Drinking water
ISBN : UOM:39015078591214

Get Book

Safe Drinking Water Act Oversight by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Pollution Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Drinking water
ISBN : STANFORD:36105110726556

Get Book

Federal Safe Drinking Water Act--oversight by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment Pdf

Author : Thomas W. Carter
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1594547610

Get Book

Safe Drinking Water Act and Its Interpretation by Thomas W. Carter Pdf

Key drinking water issues include problems caused by specific contaminants, such as the gasoline additive methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), perchlorate, and lead, as well as the related issue of the appropriate federal role in providing financial assistance for water infrastructure projects. Congress last reauthorised the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) in 1996, and although funding authority for most SDWA programs expired in FY2003, broad reauthorization efforts are not expected as EPA, states, and water utilities remain busy implementing the requirements of the 1996 amendments. Concerns about perchlorate in drinking water also have returned to the congressional agenda, after the past Congress enacted several provisions on this issue. H.R. 213 has been introduced to require EPA to set a drinking water standard for perchlorate in 2007, and a January 2005 National Academy of Sciences report on the health effects of perchlorate has increased oversight interest in perchlorate regulatory activities at EPA. Concerns over the security of the nation's drinking water supplies were addressed by the 107th Congress through the Bioterrorism Preparedness Act (P.L. 107-188), which amended SDWA to require community water systems to conduct vulnerability assessments and prepare emergency response plans. Subsequent congressional action has involved oversight and funding of water security assessment and planning efforts and research. An ongoing SDWA issue involves the growing cost and complexity of drinking water standards and the ability of water systems, especially small, rural systems, to comply with standards. The issue of the cost of drinking water standards, particularly the new arsenic standard, has merged with the larger debate over the federal role in assisting communities with financing drinking water infrastructure - an issue that has become more challenging in a time of tightened budgets. Congress authorized a drinking water state revolving fund (DWSRF) program in 1996 to help communities finance projects needed to meet standards. For FY2005, Congress provided $843 million for the DWSRF program, and the President has requested $850 million for FY2006. Notwithstanding this program, studies show that a large funding gap exists and will grow as SDWA requirements increase and infrastructure ages.

Author : Amanda M. Klasing
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Drinking water
ISBN : 1623133637

Get Book

Make it Safe by Amanda M. Klasing Pdf

"The report, 'Make It Safe: Canada's Obligation to End the First Nations Water Crisis,' documents the impacts of serious and prolonged drinking water and sanitation problems for thousands of indigenous people--known as "First Nations"--living on reserves. It assesses why there are problems with safe water and sanitation on reserves, including a lack of binding water quality regulations, erratic and insufficient funding, faulty or sub-standard infrastructure, and degraded source waters. The federal government's own audits over two decades show a pattern of overpromising and underperforming on water and sanitation for reserves"--Publisher's description.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9241545038

Get Book

Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality by World Health Organization Pdf

This volume describes the methods used in the surveillance of drinking water quality in the light of the special problems of small-community supplies, particularly in developing countries, and outlines the strategies necessary to ensure that surveillance is effective.

Author : Steve E. Hrudey,Elizabeth J. Hrudey
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 501 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2004-05-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781843390428

Get Book

Safe Drinking Water by Steve E. Hrudey,Elizabeth J. Hrudey Pdf

Drinking water provides an efficient source for the spread of gastrointestinal microbial pathogens capable of causing serious human disease. The massive death toll and burden of disease worldwide caused by unsafe drinking water is a compelling reason to value the privilege of having safe drinking water delivered to individual homes. On rare occasions, that privilege has been undermined in affluent nations by waterborne disease outbreaks traced to the water supply. Using the rich and detailed perspectives offered by the evidence and reports from the Canadian public inquiries into the Walkerton (2000) and North Battleford (2001) outbreaks to develop templates for understanding their key dimensions, over 60 waterborne outbreaks from 15 affluent countries over the past 30 years are explored as individual case studies. Recurring themes and patterns are revealed and the critical human dimensions are highlighted suggesting insights for more effective and more individualized preventive strategies, personnel training, management, and regulatory control. Safe Drinking Water aims to raise understanding and awareness of those factors that have most commonly contributed to or caused drinking-water-transmitted disease outbreaks - essentially a case-history analysis within the multi-barrier framework. It contains detailed analysis of the failures underlying drinking-water-transmitted disease epidemics that have been documented in the open literature, by public inquiry, in investigation reports, in surveillance databases and other reliable information sources. The book adopts a theme of 'converting hindsight into foresight', to inform drinking-water and health professionals including operators, managers, engineers, chemists and microbiologists, regulators, as well as undergraduates and graduates at specialty level. Key Features: Contains details and perspectives of major outbreaks not widely known or understood beyond those directly involved in the investigations. Technical and scientific background associated with case studies is offered in an accessible summary form. Does not require specialist training or experience to comprehend the details of the numerous outbreaks reviewed. By providing a broad-spectrum review using a consistent approach, several key recurring themes are revealed that offer insights for developing localized, tailor-made prevention strategies.

Author : United States. Federal Aviation Administration
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Airspace (Law)
ISBN : IND:30000044909582

Get Book

Compilation of Regulations by United States. Federal Aviation Administration Pdf

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2004-11-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309165525

Get Book

From Source Water to Drinking Water by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine Pdf

The Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine was established in 1988 as a mechanism for bringing the various stakeholders together to discuss environmental health issues in a neutral setting. The members of the Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine come from academia, industry, and government. Their perspectives range widely and represent the diverse viewpoints of researchers, federal officials, and consumers. They meet, discuss environmental health issues that are of mutual interest, and bring others together to discuss these issues as well. For example, they regularly convene workshops to help facilitate discussion of a particular topic. The Rountable's fifth national workshop entitled From Source Water to Drinking Water: Ongoing and Emerging Challenges for Public Health continued the theme established by previous Roundtable workshops, looking at rebuilding the unity of health and the environment. This workshop summary captures the discussions and presentations by the speakers and participants, who identified the areas in which additional research was needed, the processes by which changes could occur, and the gaps in our knowledge.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Board on Life Sciences,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Management of Legionella in Water Systems
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-02-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309493857

Get Book

Management of Legionella in Water Systems by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Board on Life Sciences,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Management of Legionella in Water Systems Pdf

Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.

Author : United States
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1508 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1952
Category : Law
ISBN : UCR:31210025663863

Get Book

United States Code by United States Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee to Review the New York City Watershed Management Strategy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 569 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2000-02-17
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309172684

Get Book

Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply by National Research Council,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee to Review the New York City Watershed Management Strategy Pdf

In 1997, New York City adopted a mammoth watershed agreement to protect its drinking water and avoid filtration of its large upstate surface water supply. Shortly thereafter, the NRC began an analysis of the agreement's scientific validity. The resulting book finds New York City's watershed agreement to be a good template for proactive watershed management that, if properly implemented, will maintain high water quality. However, it cautions that the agreement is not a guarantee of permanent filtration avoidance because of changing regulations, uncertainties regarding pollution sources, advances in treatment technologies, and natural variations in watershed conditions. The book recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens, understanding pathogen transport and fate, and demonstrating that best management practices will remove pathogens. Other recommendations, which are broadly applicable to surface water supplies across the country, target buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.

Author : Committee on Small Water Supply Systems,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1997-01-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309522847

Get Book

Safe Water From Every Tap by Committee on Small Water Supply Systems,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council Pdf

Small communities violate federal requirements for safe drinking water as much as three times more often than cities. Yet these communities often cannot afford to improve their water service. Safe Water From Every Tap reviews the risks of violating drinking water standards and discusses options for improving water service in small communities. Included are detailed reviews of a wide range of technologies appropriate for treating drinking water in small communities. The book also presents a variety of institutional options for improving the management efficiency and financial stability of water systems.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1537 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2013-09-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780123821836

Get Book

Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification by Anonim Pdf

Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification, Four Volume Set provides a rich source of methods for analyzing water to assure its safety from natural and deliberate contaminants, including those that are added because of carelessness of human endeavors. Human development has great impact on water quality, and new contaminants are emerging every day. The issues of sampling for water analysis, regulatory considerations, and forensics in water quality and purity investigations are covered in detail. Microbial as well as chemical contaminations from inorganic compounds, radionuclides, volatile and semivolatile compounds, disinfectants, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals, including endocrine disruptors, are treated extensively. Researchers must be aware of all sources of contamination and know how to prescribe techniques for removing them from our water supply. Unlike other works published to date that concentrate on issues of water supply, water resource management, hydrology, and water use by industry, this work is more tightly focused on the monitoring and improvement of the quality of existing water supplies and the recovery of wastewater via new and standard separation techniques Using analytical chemistry methods, offers remediation advice on pollutants and contaminants in addition to providing the critical identification perspective The players in the global boom of water purification are numerous and varied. Having worked extensively in academia and industry, the Editor-in-Chief has been careful about constructing a work for a shared audience and cause

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2021-07-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240031302

Get Book

Guidelines on recreational water quality. Volume 1 by World Health Organization Pdf

Use of coastal, estuarine and freshwater recreational environments has significant benefits for health and well-being, including rest, relaxation, exercise, cultural and religious practices, and aesthetic pleasure, while also providing substantial local, regional and national economic benefits. These guidelines focus on water quality management for coastal and freshwater environments to protect public health. The guidelines: 1. describe the current state of knowledge about the possible adverse health impacts of various forms of water pollution; and2. set out recommendations for setting national health-based targets, conducting surveillance and risk assessments, putting in place systems to monitor and control risks, and providing timely advice to users on water safety.These guidelines are aimed at national and local authorities, and other entities with an obligation to exercise due diligence relating to the safety of recreational water sites. They may be implemented in conjunction with other measures for water safety (such as drowning prevention and sun exposure) and measures for environmental protection of recreational water use sites.