East West Life Expectancy Gap In Europe

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East-West Life Expectancy Gap in Europe

C. Hertzman,Shona Kelly,Martin Bobak
East West Life Expectancy Gap in Europe Book PDF

Author : C. Hertzman,Shona Kelly,Martin Bobak
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1996-08-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0792342070

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East-West Life Expectancy Gap in Europe by C. Hertzman,Shona Kelly,Martin Bobak Pdf

This volume presents the procedings of an "Advanced Research Workshop," held under the auspices of the NATO International Scientific Exchange Programme, on the Environmental and Non-environmental Determinants of the East-West Life Expectancy Gap in Europe. The workshop brought together individuals from Eastern and Western Europe and North America who had a common interest in understanding the evolution of the relative declines in life expectancy in Central and Eastern Europe, compared to the West, over the past 30 years. Between 1989 and 1993, I carried out a series of investigations into the effects of environmental pollution on human health in Central and Eastern Europe, at first, under the auspices of the World Bank, and later, under a broader multilateral, multi-agency arrangement known as the "Environment for Europe" Process. These investigations provided unparalleled access to environmental health data from the region, and offered a glimpse of what the contribution of pollution to health status was, and what it was not. At the same time, the Program in Population Health of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIAR) and the International Centre for Health and Society (ICHS) at University College, London, were embarking upon multi-disciplinary inquiries into the broad determinants of health in modern societies. The work of the CIAR provided a framework for conceptualizing the East-West life expectancy gap and its potential determinants; the work of the ICHS provided specific insights into the relative contributions of these determinants.

Environment and Health in Central and Eastern Europe

Clyde Hertzman
Environment and Health in Central and Eastern Europe Book PDF

Author : Clyde Hertzman
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1995-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0821331736

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Environment and Health in Central and Eastern Europe by Clyde Hertzman Pdf

This report draws on lessons learned in urban development lending to build a conceptual framework for improving the delivery of services. This framework looks beyond local governments alone as the cause of poor performance and points toward reforming the incentives they face. The report examines key issues in service delivery, such as the need to clarify the division of functional responsibilities between levels of government, to make revenue sources correspond to functional responsibilities, and to establish a governmental system that balances central regulation with local incentives for responding to constituents. The book seeks to begin a global dialog on ways of improving urban service delivery and to serve as a catalyst for further learning from the rich experience of reform underway in many developing countries. The issues addressed in the report especially pertain to countries undertaking decentralization. Also available: French (ISBN 0-8213-3314-3) Stock No. 13314; Spanish (ISBN 0-8213-3315) Stock No. 13315.

Social Inequality and Public Health

Salvatore J. Babones
Social Inequality and Public Health Book PDF

Author : Salvatore J. Babones
Publisher : Policy Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 1847423205

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Social Inequality and Public Health by Salvatore J. Babones Pdf

This book brings together the latest research findings from some of the most respected medical and social scientists in the world, surveying four pathways to understanding the social determinants of health.

International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages

National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Divergent Trends in Longevity in High-Income Countries
International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Divergent Trends in Longevity in High-Income Countries
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2011-02-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309157339

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International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Divergent Trends in Longevity in High-Income Countries Pdf

In 1950 men and women in the United States had a combined life expectancy of 68.9 years, the 12th highest life expectancy at birth in the world. Today, life expectancy is up to 79.2 years, yet the country is now 28th on the list, behind the United Kingdom, Korea, Canada, and France, among others. The United States does have higher rates of infant mortality and violent deaths than in other developed countries, but these factors do not fully account for the country's relatively poor ranking in life expectancy. International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages: Dimensions and Sources examines patterns in international differences in life expectancy above age 50 and assesses the evidence and arguments that have been advanced to explain the poor position of the United States relative to other countries. The papers in this deeply researched volume identify gaps in measurement, data, theory, and research design and pinpoint areas for future high-priority research in this area. In addition to examining the differences in mortality around the world, the papers in International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages look at health factors and life-style choices commonly believed to contribute to the observed international differences in life expectancy. They also identify strategic opportunities for health-related interventions. This book offers a wide variety of disciplinary and scholarly perspectives to the study of mortality, and it offers in-depth analyses that can serve health professionals, policy makers, statisticians, and researchers.

Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries

National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Divergent Trends in Longevity in High-Income Countries
Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High Income Countries Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Divergent Trends in Longevity in High-Income Countries
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2011-06-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309217101

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Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Divergent Trends in Longevity in High-Income Countries Pdf

During the last 25 years, life expectancy at age 50 in the United States has been rising, but at a slower pace than in many other high-income countries, such as Japan and Australia. This difference is particularly notable given that the United States spends more on health care than any other nation. Concerned about this divergence, the National Institute on Aging asked the National Research Council to examine evidence on its possible causes. According to Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries, the nation's history of heavy smoking is a major reason why lifespans in the United States fall short of those in many other high-income nations. Evidence suggests that current obesity levels play a substantial part as well. The book reports that lack of universal access to health care in the U.S. also has increased mortality and reduced life expectancy, though this is a less significant factor for those over age 65 because of Medicare access. For the main causes of death at older ages -- cancer and cardiovascular disease -- available indicators do not suggest that the U.S. health care system is failing to prevent deaths that would be averted elsewhere. In fact, cancer detection and survival appear to be better in the U.S. than in most other high-income nations, and survival rates following a heart attack also are favorable. Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries identifies many gaps in research. For instance, while lung cancer deaths are a reliable marker of the damage from smoking, no clear-cut marker exists for obesity, physical inactivity, social integration, or other risks considered in this book. Moreover, evaluation of these risk factors is based on observational studies, which -- unlike randomized controlled trials -- are subject to many biases.

The European Culture Area

Terry G. Jordan-Bychkov,Bella Bychkova Jordan
The European Culture Area Book PDF

Author : Terry G. Jordan-Bychkov,Bella Bychkova Jordan
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0742516288

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The European Culture Area by Terry G. Jordan-Bychkov,Bella Bychkova Jordan Pdf

Now in its fourth edition, this leading text has been extensively revised to reflect the sweeping changes the past decade have brought to Europe and to incorporate new research in the field. Employing a richly topical rather than a mechanistic region-by-region approach, the book simultaneously presents the overarching unity of Europe as a human entity and its underlying internal diversity. Inclusive, intellectual, rich in ideas, lively, controversial, humanistic, and above all interesting, The European Culture Area is the text of choice for courses on the geography of Europe. Visit our website for sample chapters!

Demographic Consequences of Economic Transition in Countries of Central and Eastern Europe

Dimitŭr Filipov,Jürgen Dorbritz
Demographic Consequences of Economic Transition in Countries of Central and Eastern Europe Book PDF

Author : Dimitŭr Filipov,Jürgen Dorbritz
Publisher : Council of Europe
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2003-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789287151728

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Demographic Consequences of Economic Transition in Countries of Central and Eastern Europe by Dimitŭr Filipov,Jürgen Dorbritz Pdf

The social, political and economic transformations experienced by the formerly socialist countries of central and eastern Europe since the beginning of the 1990s have resulted in abrupt shifts in demographic trends, whose consequences on nuptiality, fertility, mortality and migration will be significant and irreversible. The present study analyses and offers explanations about this process and compares these developments with the demographic changes that occurred earlier in western Europe. A thorough knowledge of these demographic trends offers an essential tool for social policy makers and researchers and the comparative approach of the study furthers our understanding of the underlying processes taking place in all European countries

East-West Migration in the European Union

Nicolae Marinescu
East West Migration in the European Union Book PDF

Author : Nicolae Marinescu
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2017-05-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781443891790

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East-West Migration in the European Union by Nicolae Marinescu Pdf

This volume investigates the challenges confronted by the European Union (EU) as an international actor deeply influenced by migration. This has been a key phenomenon in recent years and holds great political, economic and social importance for the future of the whole European continent. The book focuses on specific aspects related to East-West migration, such as the importance of migration for economic development and the multi-faceted impact of migration on sending countries, as well as recipient countries. It also includes an overview of the myriad of reasons which stand for the fundamental decision whether to emigrate or not. The collection offers a novel Eastern European perspective on contemporary migration, a hotly debated topic inside the European Union, which is far from being fully recognised and understood, and it also provides valuable, complex and comprehensive insight into the issue of South Eastern migration to Western Europe.

Environmental Transitions

Petr Pavlínek,John Pickles
Environmental Transitions Book PDF

Author : Petr Pavlínek,John Pickles
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2002-09-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781134715589

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Environmental Transitions by Petr Pavlínek,John Pickles Pdf

Environmental Transitions is a detailed and comprehensive account of the environmental changes in Central and Eastern Europe, both under state socialism and during the period of transition to capitalism. The change in politics in the late 1980s and early 1990s allowed an opportunity for a rapid environmental clean up, in an area once considered one of the most environmentally devastated regions on earth. The book illustrates how transformations after 1989 have brought major environmental improvements, as well as new environmental problems. It shows how environmental policy, economic change and popular support for environmental movements, have specific and changing geographies associated with them. Environmental Transitions addresses a large number of topics, including the historical geographical analysis of the environmental change, health impacts of environmental degradation, the role of environmental issues during the anti-communist revolutions, legislative reform and the effects of transition on environmental quality after 1989. Environmental Transitions contains detailed case studies from the region, which illustrate the complexity of environmental issues and their intimate relationship with political and economic realities. It gives theoretically informed ideas for understanding environmental change in the context of the political economy of state socialism and post-communist transformations, drawing on a wide body of literature from West, Central and Eastern Europe.

Heart Disease

Gerdi Weidner,Mária Kopp,Margareta Kristenson
Heart Disease Book PDF

Author : Gerdi Weidner,Mária Kopp,Margareta Kristenson
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1586030825

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Heart Disease by Gerdi Weidner,Mária Kopp,Margareta Kristenson Pdf

Annotation This book addresses one major question: Why do men get more heart disease than women? Recent global trends in heart disease show that traditional coronary risk factors, such as elevated blood pressure and cholesterol are poor candidates in explaining the gender gap in heart disease. Changes in these risk factors also cannot explain the recent cardiovascular disease epidemic among middle-aged men in Eastern Europe. This book will focus on environmental, behavioral, and psychosocial variables, as well as new risk factors of a biological nature in an attempt to understand the gender gap in heart disease. It combines perspectives from numerous disciplines, such as demography, epidemiology, medicine, sociology, and psychology. This book features the work of a distinguished group of international researchers appearing in Richard Stone's report on "Stress: the invisible hand in Eastern Europe's death rates" (Science, vol. 288, June 9, 2000, pp. 1732-33). It combines perspectives from numerous disciplines, such as demography, epidemiology, medicine, nutrition, sociology, and psychology to explore the environmental, behavioral, and psychosocial influences on men's greater susceptibility to heart disease

Regional Mortality Differences in Germany

Eva U.B. Kibele
Regional Mortality Differences in Germany Book PDF

Author : Eva U.B. Kibele
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012-10-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789400744318

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Regional Mortality Differences in Germany by Eva U.B. Kibele Pdf

Regional mortality differences are one dimension of health inequalities, but its trends and determinants in Germany are widely unknown. This book examines and illustrates patterns of regional mortality in Germany—with focus on small-area differentials—and their changes over time. It identifies explanatory factors at individual and regional level. Mortality differences between eastern and western Germany exist, but small-area mortality differentials are often greater. Though the main spatial mortality patterns remain, this study provides evidence that some distinct changes in the small-area mortality patterns in Germany—especially among women—occurred within a short period of time. Mortality inequalities at younger ages and in behavior-related causes as well as differences in socioeconomic conditions contribute strongly to regional mortality differences in Germany. The book shows that the complex interplay between individual- and regional-level mortality risk factors requires a multidimensional approach to reduce regional mortality inequalities.

The Impact of Inequality

Richard Wilkinson
The Impact of Inequality Book PDF

Author : Richard Wilkinson
Publisher : The New Press
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2009-11-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781595586605

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The Impact of Inequality by Richard Wilkinson Pdf

A “powerful and provocative” inquiry into the relationship between societies’ inequality and their citizens’ health, happiness and well-being (Lisa Berkman, Harvard School of Public Health). Comparing the United States with other market democracies, and one American state with another, this book presents irrefutable evidence that inequality is a driver of poor health, social conflict, and violence. Pioneering social scientist Richard Wilkinson addresses the growing feeling—so common in the United States—that modern societies, despite their material success, are social failures. The Impact of Inequality explains why inequality has such devastating effects on the quality and length of our lives. Wilkinson shows that inequality leads to stress, which in turn creates sickness on the individual and mass level. As a consequence, society suffers widespread unhappiness and high levels of violence, depression, and mistrust across the social spectrum. With persuasive evidence and fascinating analysis, the diagnosis is clear: Social and political equality are essential to improving life for everyone. Wilkinson argues that even small reductions in inequality can make an important difference—for, as this book explains, social relations are always built on material foundations. “This new book, a wonderful work of synthesis, brings insight into how conditions of society impact on people’s daily lives. . . . It is a stimulating and exciting book.” —Sir Michael Marmot, author of The Status Syndrome

How Long Do We Live?

Elisabetta Barbi,John Bongaarts,James W. Vaupel
How Long Do We Live Book PDF

Author : Elisabetta Barbi,John Bongaarts,James W. Vaupel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2008-03-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783540785200

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How Long Do We Live? by Elisabetta Barbi,John Bongaarts,James W. Vaupel Pdf

This book reviews the debate on how best to measure period longevity. Leading experts in demography critically examine the existence of the tempo effect in mortality, present extensions and applications, and compare period and cohort longevity measures.

Effective Financing of Environmentally Sustainable Development

Ismail Serageldin,Alfredo Sfeir-Younis
Effective Financing of Environmentally Sustainable Development Book PDF

Author : Ismail Serageldin,Alfredo Sfeir-Younis
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821335499

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Effective Financing of Environmentally Sustainable Development by Ismail Serageldin,Alfredo Sfeir-Younis Pdf

Environmentally Sustainable Development Proceedings Series No. 10.Presents the proceedings of the World Bank's Third Annual Conference on Environmentally Sustainable Development, held in October 1995. The conference included roundtable discussions, a variety of speakers, and associated conferences and events co-sponsored by nongovernmental organizations and other institutions.

German Annual of Spatial Research and Policy 2009

Heiderose Kilper
German Annual of Spatial Research and Policy 2009 Book PDF

Author : Heiderose Kilper
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2009-09-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783642034022

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German Annual of Spatial Research and Policy 2009 by Heiderose Kilper Pdf

Preface – Introduction 1 Heiderose Kilper “New Disparities in Spatial Development in Europe” – several topics are included in both the title and theme of the German Annual of Spatial Research and Policy for the Year 2009. We are frst of all concerned with the concept of spatial disparities, which has its roots in national spatial planning and spatial development policy. Regional development as interregional equalisation policy, for example, is well-anchored in the German constitution through fundamental legal standards and the division of powers among the respective federal states. The “establishment of uniform living conditions within the federal territory” and “securing the uniformity of living conditions beyond the borders of any single federal state” (Section 72 Paragraph 2 of German Basic Law [GG]) are expressly specifed as aims of government action in the constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany. With the major reform of Germany’s fnancial system in 1969 and incorporation of the joint task “Improvement 1 of the Regional Economic Structure” in Section 91a of German Basic Law [GG] interventions on the part of the federal government and the wealthy federal states for the beneft of states and regions with less economic success were legitimised in constitutional terms as well. All of this would be inconceivable without the concept of spatial disparities.