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Author : Christian Zamo Akono
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Women
ISBN : 9966610499
Author : United Nations Women
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017-07-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789213628966
Using micro data from two recent labour force surveys collected in Cameroon and Mali, this paper explores gender differentials in labour market outcomes covering key areas such as occupational segregation, informality, part-time work and gender wage gaps. While womens participation to the labour market is relatively high in Africa compared to other regions of the world, the examples of Cameroon and Mali suggest it varies significantly within the continent. The data also show that the differential between the two countries in terms of womens participation is driven by the differential in education levels. The analysis also reveals that noticeable gender differences can be observed in the employment patterns: while men are more likely to be salaried workers, women are more often unpaid family workers. However, in both countries, informal employment is the norm for both sexes. Gender gaps in monthly earnings are found to be much bigger for self-employed than for wage workers, a result that is consistent with other studies. Although education of both women and men is likely to play an important role, social norms in general deserve to be studied more thoroughly in order to understand remaining differences and their evolution in a context of rising education levels.
Author : Célestin Monga
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 801 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780192664648
Cameroon's suboptimal economic experience since independence (1960) sheds light on broader issues of Africa's development narrative, and provides valuable economic and policy knowledge. While Cameroon's large informal economy is diverse and resilient and rooted in old business traditions, its formal economy has exhibited low productivity and employment growth for over 60 years. This has brought anger, disappointment, and violent conflict in several regions of the country. The Oxford Handbook of the Economy of Cameroon examines the reasons of Cameroon's unsatisfactory economic performance and draws lessons from successful development experience to help tackle these issues. The Handbook provides a critical assessment of the history, patterns, and strategies of economic development in Cameroon, and outlines new approaches to economic enquiry for prosperity and social change. Through Cameroon's governance story, the handbook analyzes the evolving conceptions of economic policy, takes stock of intellectual progress, documents the challenges of implementation, and outlines the intellectual and policy agenda ahead. For a developing country increases in per capita income arise from advances in technology arise from closing the knowledge and technology gap with those at the frontier. And within any country (especially one like Cameroon), there is enormous scope for productivity improvement simply by closing the gap between best practices and average practices. Standards of living can therefore be improved through the implementation of pertinent learning strategies. In this Oxford Handbook of the Economy of Cameroon, an international team of leading development economists and researchers address the wide range of issues facing Cameroon and provide guiding principles on how best the country (and other developing nations) could move human, capital, and financial resources from low- to high-productivity sectors in a constantly changing global economy.
Author : Vivian Malta,Ms.Lisa L Kolovich,Angelica Martinez,Ms.Marina Mendes Tavares
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2019-05-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781498314718
In sub-Saharan Africa women work relatively more in the informal sector than men. Many factors could explain this difference, including women’s lower education levels, legal barriers, social norms and demographic characteristics. Cross-country comparisons indicate strong associations between gender gaps and higher female informality. This paper uses microdata from Senegal to assess the probability of a worker being informal, and our main findings are: (i) in urban areas, being a woman increases this probability by 8.5 percent; (ii) education is usually more relevant for women; (iii) having kids reduces men’s probability of being informal but increases women’s.
Author : Philippe De Vreyer,Francois Roubaud
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 463 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821397824
Although labor is usually the unique asset upon which poor people can make a living, little is known about the functioning of labor markets in Sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this volume is to contribute to the building of knowledge in this area. In this book, the authors use a unique set of identical and simultaneous labor force surveys conducted in seven capitals of Western Africa, as well as in some other African countries (Cameroon, Madagascar, Democratic Republic of Congo) in the 2000s. They present innovative and original results on how people are faring in these labour markets, using up-to-date econometric and statistical methods. Because so little is known about labor markets in the region, each chapter starts with detailed descriptive statistics that aim to shed light onto specific aspects of African urban labor markets. Comparisons between the ten cities are systematically carried out. Descriptive sections are followed by in-depth analyses on various issues. The book is divided into four parts that examine 13 topics. Part I presents the main stylised facts, which are investigated further in a more analytical way throughout the volume. Part II focuses on job quality and labor market conditions, such as unemployment and underemployment, vulnerability, and job satisfaction. Part III explores the many dimensions of labor market inequalities through various lenses, such as returns on education, segmentation, life-cycle inequality (with a particular focus on old age), inter-generational mobility, time related inequality, and gender and ethnic earnings discrimination. Part IV addresses some key coping mechanisms and private responses, with a focus on migration and child labor. The book concludes with recommendations for future research.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2018-05-14
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264300040
Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden have led the way for modern family and gender policy. This report shows that improvements in gender equality have contributed considerably to their economic growth.
Author : Alina Mihaela Dima,Elena Rodica Danescu
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2023-05-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783031282553
Through the lens of multi- and interdisciplinarity, this book highlights the potential of progress in cloud computing technologies, metaverse development, and digital transformation in charting a path to economic and social recovery, governance process and societal evolution enabling to tackle the global polycrises triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. The book is an outcome of the 5th International Conference on Economics and Social Sciences, ICESS 2022, Bucharest, Romania.
Author : Pereira, Elisabeth T.,Paoloni, Paola
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 423 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2019-06-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781522591733
Existent literature has identified the existence of some differences between men and women entrepreneurs in terms of propensity to innovation, approach to creativity, decision making, resilience, and co-creation. Without properly examining the current inequalities in social-economic structures, it is difficult to examine the results of corporate female leadership. The Handbook of Research on Women in Management and the Global Labor Market is a pivotal reference source that examines the point of convergence among entrepreneurship organizations, relationship, creativity, and culture from a gender perspective, and researches the relation between current inequalities in social-economic structures and organizations in the labor market, education and individual skills, wages, work performance, promotion, and mobility. While highlighting topics such as gender gap, woman empowerment, and gender inequality, this publication is ideally designed for managers, government officials, policymakers, academicians, practitioners, and students.
Author : Nordic Council of Ministers
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789289325509
This textbook represents the outcome of a cooperative process between an international group of well-known experts in the area of Polar law and related studies. Polar Law Textbook II further draws upon Polar law as an evolving and developing field of studies which is gaining increasing recognition and intersects with many other areas in the social sciences and humanities. It explores a variety of legal issues in the Arctic and Antarctica (i.e., questions of human rights law, environmental law, law of the sea, continental shelf, climate change, energy law, resources, indigenous peoples' rights, etc.,) but also covers the relevant aspects of geopolitics, security, governance, search and rescue, biodiversity, devolution, institutions (e.g., the Arctic Council) and political developments.
Author : United Nations Women
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2015-12-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789210575096
This UN Women’s flagship report shows that, all too often, women’s economic and social rights are held back, because they are forced to fit into a ‘man’s world’. But, it is possible to move beyond the status quo, to picture a world where economies are built with women’s rights at their heart. It is being published as the international community comes together to define a transformative post-2015 development agenda, and coincides with the 20th anniversary commemoration of the landmark Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China which set out a comprehensive agenda to advance gender equality. This publication brings together human rights and economic policymaking, and provides the key elements for a far-reaching new policy agenda that can transform economies and make women’s rights a reality. Through solid in-depth analysis and data, this evidence-based report provides key recommendations on moving towards an economy that truly works for women, for the benefit of all.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2021-05-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513573779
This paper examines gender inequality in the context of structural transformation and rebalancing in China. We document declining women's relative wages and labor force participation in China during the last two decades, despite rapid growth and expansion of the service sector. Using household data, we provide evidence consistent with a U-shaped relationship between economic development and women's labor market outcomes. Using a model of structural transformation, we show that labor market barriers for women have increased over time. Model counterfactuals suggest that removing these barriers and increasing service sector productivity can boost both gender equality and economic growth in China.
Author : Kathleen E. Sheldon
Publisher : Scarecrow Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Feminism
ISBN : 0810853310
This vast dictionary launches the new series, Historical Dictionaries of Women in the World, and fills a huge gap in the literature, as there previously has not been any comprehensive reference work on African women. This dictionary includes over 660 entries on notable women in history, politics, religion, the arts, and other sectors; on events particularly associated with women; on women's organizations and publications; and on a range of topics that are important to women in general or that have a special importance for African women, including marriage, fertility, market women, goddesses, and much more. Entries include cross-referencing information that facilitates readers' ability to find related information. The book also includes an introductory essay and a chronology on African women's history, as well as an extensive bibliography divided into sub-sections on different historical eras and subjects. Access to finding specific information is further aided by a country index. A wide range of users will find this reference extremely valuable, including researchers in African or women's history, high school and university students, and people involved with African policy and development issues such as diplomats or aid workers.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2018-07-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264301795
The 2018 edition of the OECD Employment Outlook reviews labour market trends and prospects in OECD countries.
Author : Anh-Nga Tran-Nguyen,Americo Beviglia Zampetti
Publisher : United Nations Publications
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822034394791
Equal rights between men and women are enshrined as a fundamental human right in the UN Charter, and reflected in various internationally agreed instruments, such as the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. Although there has been notable progress in some areas, in most nations women are still at a disadvantage in terms of their role and position in the economic and political arenas. This publication examines the gender dimension of trade and seeks to identify policy challenges and responses to promote gender equality in light of increasing globalisation. Issues discussed include: economics of gender equality, international trade and development; multilateral negotiations on agriculture in developing countries; gender-related issues in the textiles and clothing sectors; international trade in services; gender and the TRIPS Agreement; the impact of WTO rules on gender equality; human rights aspects; fair trade initiatives; the role of IT in promoting gender equality, the Gender Trade Impact Assessment and trade reform.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2018-06-05
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264301757
The higher education system in Norway generally produces graduates with good skills and labour market outcomes. This success can be largely attributed to Norway’s robust and inclusive labour market and recent higher education reforms to improve quality.
