Urban Labor Markets In Sub Saharan Africa

Author : Philippe De Vreyer,Francois Roubaud
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 463 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821397824

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Urban Labor Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa by Philippe De Vreyer,Francois Roubaud Pdf

Although labor is usually the unique asset upon which poor people can make a living, little is known about the functioning of labor markets in Sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this volume is to contribute to the building of knowledge in this area. In this book, the authors use a unique set of identical and simultaneous labor force surveys conducted in seven capitals of Western Africa, as well as in some other African countries (Cameroon, Madagascar, Democratic Republic of Congo) in the 2000s. They present innovative and original results on how people are faring in these labour markets, using up-to-date econometric and statistical methods. Because so little is known about labor markets in the region, each chapter starts with detailed descriptive statistics that aim to shed light onto specific aspects of African urban labor markets. Comparisons between the ten cities are systematically carried out. Descriptive sections are followed by in-depth analyses on various issues. The book is divided into four parts that examine 13 topics. Part I presents the main stylised facts, which are investigated further in a more analytical way throughout the volume. Part II focuses on job quality and labor market conditions, such as unemployment and underemployment, vulnerability, and job satisfaction. Part III explores the many dimensions of labor market inequalities through various lenses, such as returns on education, segmentation, life-cycle inequality (with a particular focus on old age), inter-generational mobility, time related inequality, and gender and ethnic earnings discrimination. Part IV addresses some key coping mechanisms and private responses, with a focus on migration and child labor. The book concludes with recommendations for future research.

Author : Christophe Lemiere,Christopher Herbst,Negda Jahanshahi,Ellen Smith,Agnes Soucat
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2010-12-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 082138600X

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Reducing Geographical Imbalances of Health Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa by Christophe Lemiere,Christopher Herbst,Negda Jahanshahi,Ellen Smith,Agnes Soucat Pdf

The human resources crisis in the health sector has been gathering attention on the global stage. To date, however, most of this attention has focused on shortages of health human resources (HRH) at the national level. At least as important are problems at the sub-national level. Massive geographic and skill mix imbalances are reflected in the perilous undersupply of HRH in most rural areas. Virtually all Sub-Saharan African countries suffer from significant geographic imbalances. Very little substantive information or documentation exists on the problem. Even less is known about the lessons from policies aimed at addressing urban-rural human resource imbalances, let alone experiences of Sub-Saharan Africa countries, with such policies. There also appears to be a disconnect between the objectives and efforts of policymakers on the one hand and the functioning of national health labor markets and labor market behavior on the other hand. This disconnect hinders policy effectiveness and the efficient utilization of resources intended to narrow urban-rural inequities. In Sub-Saharan Africa government policies, often limited to the management of public sector vacancies, appear to be elaborated, prescribed, and implemented independently of labor market considerations. Partly as a result, they are unable to effectively address urban-rural imbalances, which are an outcome of labor market dynamics. This report discusses and analyzes labor market dynamics and outcomes (including unemployment, worker shortages, and urban-rural imbalances of categories of health workers) from a labor economics perspective. It then use insights from this perspective as a basis for elaborating policy options that incorporate the underlying labor market forces. The goal of the study is to address undesirable outcomes (including urban-rural HRH imbalances) more effectively. The book is thus suitable for researchers, policy analysts and policy makers with an interest in understanding and improving the allocation of human resources for health in the developing world.

Author : Aidar Abdychev,Cristian Alonso,Mr.Emre Alper,Mr.Dominique Desruelle,Siddharth Kothari,Yun Liu,Mathilde Perinet,Sidra Rehman,Mr.Axel Schimmelpfennig,Preya Sharma
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 59 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2018-12-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484383094

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The Future of Work in Sub-Saharan Africa by Aidar Abdychev,Cristian Alonso,Mr.Emre Alper,Mr.Dominique Desruelle,Siddharth Kothari,Yun Liu,Mathilde Perinet,Sidra Rehman,Mr.Axel Schimmelpfennig,Preya Sharma Pdf

Far-reaching changes in technology, climate, and global economic integration are transforming the world of work in ways that we do not yet fully understand. Will the swift technological advances of the Fourth Industrial Revolution raise the standards of living for everyone? Or will robots massively displace workers leading to a jobless future where only a few benefit from the fruits of innovation? Will mitigation efforts be able to cushion the adverse effects of climate change, including food shortages and mass migration, which would place extra pressure on urban labor markets? Will countries continue to integrate commercially and financially, fostering growth and employment? Or will trade wars become a norm in a world increasingly fragmented and inward-looking? In sub-Saharan Africa, these uncertainties meet a dramatic increase in population and a rapid expansion in the labor force, which is becoming increasingly urban.

Author : Christopher Herbst,Negda Jahanshahi,Ellen Smith,Agnest Souca
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:747084056

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Reducing Geographical Imbalances of Health Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa by Christopher Herbst,Negda Jahanshahi,Ellen Smith,Agnest Souca Pdf

The human resources crisis in the health sector has been gathering attention on the global stage. To date, however, most of this attention has focused on shortages of health human resources (HRH) at the national level. At least as important are problems at the sub-national level. Massive geographic and skill mix imbalances are reflected in the perilous undersupply of HRH in most rural areas. Virtually all Sub-Saharan African countries suffer from significant geographic imbalances. Very little substantive information or documentation exists on the problem. Even less is known about the lessons from policies aimed at addressing urban-rural human resource imbalances, let alone experiences of Sub-Saharan Africa countries, with such policies. There also appears to be a disconnect between the objectives and efforts of policymakers on the one hand and the functioning of national health labor markets and labor market behavior on the other hand. This disconnect hinders policy effectiveness and the efficient utilization of resources intended to narrow urban-rural inequities. In Sub-Saharan Africa government policies, often limited to the management of public sector vacancies, appear to be elaborated, prescribed, and implemented independently of labor market considerations. Partly as a result, they are unable to effectively address urban-rural imbalances, which are an outcome of labor market dynamics. This report discusses and analyzes labor market dynamics and outcomes (including unemployment, worker shortages, and urban-rural imbalances of categories of health workers) from a labor economics perspective. It then use insights from this perspective as a basis for elaborating policy options that incorporate the underlying labor market forces. The goal of the study is to address undesirable outcomes (including urban-rural HRH imbalances) more effectively. The book is thus suitable for researchers, policy analysts and policy makers with an interest in understanding and improving the allocation of human resources for health in the developing world.

Author : Marito H. Garcia,Jean Fares
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2008-04-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821368850

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Youth in Africa's Labor Market by Marito H. Garcia,Jean Fares Pdf

The authors examine the challenges facing Africa's youth in their transition from school to working life, and propose a policy framework for meeting these challenges. Topics covered include the effect of education on employment and income, broadening employment opportunities, and enhancing youth capabilities. The book includes a CD-ROM of case studies of four countries and household data on 13 countries.

Author : Luc Christiaensen,Nancy Lozano-Gracia
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2024-01-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781464820236

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Migrants, Markets, and Mayors by Luc Christiaensen,Nancy Lozano-Gracia Pdf

Research on migration and urban development in Africa has primarily focused on larger cities and rural-to-urban migration. However, 97 percent of Africa’s urban centers have fewer than 300,000 inhabitants, and a sizable share of urban migrants come from other urban areas. A more holistic and dynamic perspective, incorporating migration flows along the full urban hierarchy, as well as urban-urban migrants, is needed to better understand and leverage migration for urban development. Migrants, Markets, and Mayors: Rising above the Employment Challenge in Africa’s Secondary Cities draws on demographic data, research literature, key informant interviews, and empirical research to better understand how migrants in Africa’s secondary cities fare in urban labor markets, how they affect aggregate urban productivity, and how mayors can leverage migrants’ potential to the benefit of all. It explores these questions across countries and four urban case settings: Jijiga in Ethiopia, Jinja in Uganda, and Jendouba and Kairouan in Tunisia. Although mayors in secondary cities often see migrants as a burden to their cities’ labor markets and a threat to development, the report finds that migrants contribute increasingly less to urban population growth and that they usually strengthen the resident labor force. The report also finds that labor market outcomes for migrants are at least as good as those for nonmigrants. Africa’s secondary cities are well placed to leverage migration, but evidence-based policies are needed to manage the growth and development of land and labor markets. The report reviews policy options that mayors can take to strengthen the financial, technical, and planning capacity of secondary cities and better leverage migration to benefit migrants and nonmigrants alike. ----------- "Much of the literature on migration to cities examines migration in a nonspatial fashion or focuses on rural-urban migration to the largest, most visible cities. This volume fills a gap by focusing on migration to secondary cities, coming up with a compelling set of facts. Overall, the volume is very well done and sets a benchmark for future research." †“ J. Vernon Henderson, School Professor of Economic Geography, London School of Economics

Author : Jorge Saba Arbache,Alexandre Kolev,Ewa Filipiak
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 454 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780821380666

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Gender Disparities in Africa's Labor Market by Jorge Saba Arbache,Alexandre Kolev,Ewa Filipiak Pdf

"A copublication of the Agence franðcaise de dâeveloppement and the World Bank."--T.p.

Author : Dipak Mazumdar,Ata Mazaheri
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2018-02-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351749657

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Wages and Employment in Africa by Dipak Mazumdar,Ata Mazaheri Pdf

This title was first published in 2002: Analyzing labour market trends in sub-Saharan Africa since 1970, this volume employs data collected from the International Labor Organization (ILO), United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) and World Bank (the RPED surveys). It examines the economics of the labour market against the presistent decline in real wages over some 20 years in some of these countries. Setting the African story against the background of wage-employment trends in other regions of the world, the author proceeds to examine the impact of this decline on the rural-urban earnings gap. The consequences of the declining wage levels on the lifetime earnings of workers and on trends in labour productivity are then discussed, followed by an analysis of the employment and wage structure in African manufacturing firms.

Author : Agnes Soucat,Richard Scheffler,Tedros Ghebreyesus
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821395585

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The Labor Market for Health Workers in Africa by Agnes Soucat,Richard Scheffler,Tedros Ghebreyesus Pdf

Sub-Saharan Africa has only 12 percent of the global population, yet this region accounts for 50 percent of child deaths, more than 60 percent of maternal deaths, 85 percent of malaria cases, and close to 67 percent of people living with HIV. Sub-Saharan Africa, however, has the lowest number of health workers in the world-significantly fewer than in South Asia, which is at a comparable level of economic development. The Labor Market for Health Workers in Africa uses the analytical tools of labor markets to examine the human resource crisis in health from an economic perspective. Africa's labor markets are complex, with resources coming from governments, donors, the private sector, and households. Low numbers of health workers and poor understanding of labor market dynamics are major impediments to improving health service delivery. Yet some countries in the region have developed innovative solutions with new approaches to creating a robust health workforce that can respond to the continent's health challenges. As Africa grows economically, the invaluable lessons in this book can help build tomorrow's African health systems.

Author : Deon Filmer,Louise Fox
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2014-01-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464801082

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Youth Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa by Deon Filmer,Louise Fox Pdf

This book focuses on how to improve the quality of jobs and meet the aspirations of youth in Sub-Saharan Africa. It finds that a strong foundation for human capital development can be key to boosting earnings, arguing for a balanced approach that builds skills and demand for labor.

Author : M. Louise Fox,Melissa Sekkel Gaal
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2008-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821374436

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Working Out of Poverty by M. Louise Fox,Melissa Sekkel Gaal Pdf

"This book reviews the literature and presents original research by the authors analyzing job creation in Sub-Saharan Africa in light of economic performance over the decade and more since 1995. The book identifies factors that impact job creation, both inside the labor market (such as labor supply and demand) and outside of it (overall investment climate)."--Jacket.

Author : William J. House
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Labor supply
ISBN : STANFORD:36105008877925

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Priorities for Urban Labour Market Research in Anglophone Africa by William J. House Pdf

Author : Jan Vandemoortele
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Africa, Sub-Saharan
ISBN : STANFORD:36105002283351

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Employment Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa by Jan Vandemoortele Pdf

Covers the period from 1985 to 1988 and includes projections to 2000.

Author : Deon Filmer,Louise Fox
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2014-01-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464801075

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Youth Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa by Deon Filmer,Louise Fox Pdf

"The series is sponsored by the Agence Francaise de Developpement and the World Bank."

Author : Ms.Christine Dieterich,Anni Huang,Mr.Alun H. Thomas
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2016-09-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475540772

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Women’s Opportunities and Challenges in Sub-Saharan African Job Markets by Ms.Christine Dieterich,Anni Huang,Mr.Alun H. Thomas Pdf

As labor market data is scarce in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), this paper uses household survey data to analyze the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market and its welfare implications for five SSA countries in multinomial logit models with propensity score matching method. The analysis confirms that education opens up opportunities for women to escape agricultural feminization and engage in formal wage employment, but these opportunities diminish when women marry—a disadvantage increasingly relevant when countries develop and urbanization progresses. Opening a household enterprise offers women an alternative avenue to escape low-paid jobs in agriculture, but the increase in per capita income is lower than male-owned household enterprises. These findings underline that improving women’s education needs to be supported by measures to allow married women to keep their jobs in the wage sector.