Ecosystem Services May Provide Large Economic Values In Kenya And Vietnam A Value Transfer Application Based On Results From A Systematic Literature Review

Author : Hettiarachchi, Upeksha,Zhang, Wei,Pham, Thuy Thu,Davis, Kristin,Fadda, Carlo
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2024-01-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

Ecosystem services may provide large economic values in Kenya and Vietnam: A value transfer application based on results from a systematic literature review by Hettiarachchi, Upeksha,Zhang, Wei,Pham, Thuy Thu,Davis, Kristin,Fadda, Carlo Pdf

This study focuses on the valuation of ecosystem services in Kenya and Vietnam, two countries that have received much attention from the international development community for their biodiversity significance, opportunities for scaling, climate and poverty challenges, and political will. Using The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) framework and the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), this study estimates per hectare values of ecosystem services in Kenya and Vietnam based on a systematic literature review of studies on the values of ecosystem services in both countries. Provisioning services, such as medicines, timber, and non-timber forest products were better studied than regulating, supporting and cultural ecosystem services, underscoring the need for further research to better estimate the values of non-tangible services which would improve the estimation of total value of ecosystem services in Kenya and Vietnam. To complement the national level analysis, we selected forest biomes to conduct a value transfer analysis. Forests provide ecosystem service benefits worth $25.78 billion for Kenya and $35.6 billion in Vietnam in 2022 USD. In comparison, the agricultural sector contributed $48.50 billion to Vietnam’s GDP and $24.10 billon to Kenya’s GDP in 2021. The per hectare values for ecosystem services are used in a value transfer analysis to estimate the total value of forest ecosystem services in Vietnam and Kenya. The average per hectare value of ecosystem services provided by forests in Kenya is $5,718.50 ha−1 yr−1 estimated within a range spanning $1,609.44 to $15,606.62 ha−1 yr−1 , while Vietnam's forests demonstrate an average value of $3,650.20 ha−1 yr−1 , with a range of $84.93 to $8,978.16 ha−1 yr−1 . We project the loss of forests into 2050 and estimate the annual economic loss of ecosystem services at $48.08 million for Kenya and $76.29 million for Vietnam, respectively, if deforestation and forest degradation continue at the current rates. Our approach presents a comprehensive overview of diverse ecosystem services, equipping policymakers with a nuanced comprehension of ecosystems’ inherent value. By consolidating values from the literature into a national-level estimate, we provide compelling evidence at a broader scale for informed decision-making. Despite the well-known limitations of value transfer method and with caveats, the values presented in our paper can provide a guiding reference for incorporating these estimations into broader policymaking endeavors.

Author : Luke Brander
Publisher : UN
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Political Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105221490753

Get Book

Guidance Manual on Value Transfer Methods for Ecosystem Services by Luke Brander Pdf

The purpose of this guidance manual is to show how the value of ecosystem services can be estimated and incorporated into decision making. Specifically, it is designed to help a broad audience of conservation managers, government officials, private sector managers, NGOs, and statisticians to understand the available information on the values of ecosystem services and how this information can be transferred to inform the decisions that they make. It explains why you would undertake a study, who should be involved, how to implement the study and how to use the results. The development of this guidance manual was funded by the United Nations Environment Programme.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2019-02-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251312155

Get Book

Valuing forest ecosystem services: a training manual for planners and project developers by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

The degradation of ecosystems, including forests, and the associated loss of biodiversity, particularly due to human-induced threats and climate change, has gained increased attention from scientists and policymakers. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment presented a new conceptual framework that puts ecosystem services at the centre and links human well-being to the impacts on ecosystems of changes in natural resources. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity initiative drew further attention to the economic benefits of conserving ecosystems and biodiversity, supporting the idea that economic instruments – if appropriately applied, developed and interpreted – can inform policy- and decision-making processes. Only a few ecosystem services, however, have explicit market value and are traded in open markets: many – especially those categorized as having “passive-use” value – remain invisible and are rarely accounted for in traditional economic systems. The failure to appropriately consider the full economic value of ecosystem services in decision making enables the continued degradation and loss of ecosystems and biodiversity. Most ecosystem services are considered public goods and tend to be overexploited by society. Many methods have been applied to the economic valuation of ecosystem services. The use of these methods, as well as the interpretation of their results, requires familiarity with the ecological, political, normative and socio-economic context and the science of economics. Recognizing, demonstrating and capturing the value of ecosystem services can play an important role in setting policy directions for ecosystem management and conservation and thus in increasing the provision of ecosystem services and their contributions to human well-being. The aim of this manual is to enhance understanding of ecosystem services and their valuation. The specific target group comprises governmental officers in planning units and field-level officers and practitioners in key government departments in Bangladesh responsible for project development, including the Ministry of Environment and Forests and its agencies. Most of the examples and case studies presented herein, therefore, are tailored to the Bangladesh context, but the general concepts, approaches and methods can be applied to a broad spectrum of situations. This manual focuses on valuing forest-related ecosystem services, including those provided by trees outside forests. It is expected to improve valuation efforts and help ensure the better use of such values in policymaking and decision making. Among other things, the manual explores the basics of financial mathematics (e.g. the time value of money; discounting; cost–benefit analysis; and profitability and risk indicators); the main methods of economic valuation; examples of the valuation of selected ecosystem services; and inputs for considering values in decision making.

Author : Orapan Nabangchang
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2014-08-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

A review of the legal and policy framework for payments for ecosystem services (PES) in Thailand by Orapan Nabangchang Pdf

Thailand is somewhat lagging behind other countries in Southeast Asia in adopting the concept of payment for environmental services (PES) as an instrument for creating incentives for natural resources conservation. There are a number of activities involving payments for provision of activities or environmental services but these are missing many elements that would qualify them as a PES project. Others are mainly at the design stage or at the initial stages of implementation. One of the major challenges is to create recognition of the benefits from ecosystems services. Presently, private sectors attach considerable importance to CSR projects. There is nothing wrong with CSR projects but CSR activities do not address missing markets, nor aim to create incentives to undertake conservation measures on a sustainable basis. To create demand on a scale that would give the momentum for PES would require a revamp existing legal tools to create effective demand for conservation services. It may be strategically better to approach the ‘private sector institution’ such as: the Federation of Thai Industries and the Thai Chamber of Commerce, rather than individual private companies. Without this, CSR investment is likely to be spread so thin and while succeeding in promoting publicity of private companies, tangible outcomes in improving the environment are likely to be limited. Although biophysical conditions precede other criteria for selection of potential PES project sites, given that there is an estimated number of forest-dependent people of 1 to 2 million people most of whom believed to be poor and living in environmentally sensitive areas, it is undeniable that PES can be instrumental to addressing poverty alleviation objectives. A major challenge that must be addressed however, is the legal framework. Although not explicitly endorsing the concept of creating incentives for service providers, the relevant laws can be, -and needs to be-, relaxed in specific cases, particularly where PES types projects will be launched in protected areas where there are legal restrictions over access. PES can also supplement the legal provisions to protect biodiversity resources. Like all public goods, over-exploitation of biodiversity resources, is due to the failure to recognize that the economic value exceeds the market prices of the tradable parts of biodiversity resources. Unless there is recognition of the non-tradable benefits, biodiversity resources will continue to be underpriced and under valued, hence the potential contribution of the concept of PES projects to create recognition, demonstrate its economic values and link between the demand and supply side to capture those values.

Author : D. Huberman
Publisher : IUCN
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Biodiversity conservation
ISBN : 9782831712215

Get Book

A Gateway to Payments for Ecosystem Services by D. Huberman Pdf

Author : Erik Meijaard,Douglas Sheil,Manuel R. Guariguata,Robert Nasi,Terry Sunderland,Louis Putzel
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2011-09-13
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9786028693592

Get Book

Ecosystem services certification: Opportunities and constraints by Erik Meijaard,Douglas Sheil,Manuel R. Guariguata,Robert Nasi,Terry Sunderland,Louis Putzel Pdf

A major challenge in trading ecosystem services is the need to quantify and commoditise services, for monitoring and verification as well as for trade. This is relatively straightforward for goods such as forest honey or shade-grown coffee, but potentially complex for services such as water purification, reducing risk from floods or other disasters or carbon sequestration. Developing certification systems for forest ecosystem services is one potential way to define, quantify and verify these services in a way that buyers can trust, and this is why certification of ecosystem services is promoted by a number of environmental and forestry NGOs. Certification of ecosystem services is a useful concept, but many practical and theoretical obstacles must be addressed before it can be put into practice. This paper is a review of existing development in certification of ecosystem services, with information useful for designing and implementing projects to evaluate the efficacy of new systems. We discuss the potential use of more holistic concepts for measuring management sustainability, which are to date undeveloped and untested, and recommend developing pilot projects that are specifically designed to address a number of challenges inherent to ecosystem service certification.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Biodiversity
ISBN : 0980742757

Get Book

Ecosystem Services by Anonim Pdf

There has been a growing public interest in the role and value of natural ecosystems and how they contribute to our quality of life and to human wellbeing. Ecosystems services and their continued provision underpin human existence, health and prosperity. Governments, communities and natural resource managers are taking a broader ecosystem approach to decision making for natural resource management issues that can achieve multiple benefits for landowners and society. Biodiversity is central to the production of ecosystem services; it is the direct source of services, such as food and fibre, and underpins others, such as clean water and air, through the role of organisms in energy and material cycles. This paper provides an overview of the concept of ecosystem services and how they are valued. There are both use values and non-use values that comprise the total economic value, including both the intrinsic values of ecosystems and biodiversity and the market values of goods and services. This paper also addresses new opportunities for developing markets for previously undervalued ecosystem services, and gives examples of where an ecosystem approach has lead to the achievement of multiple outcomes.

Author : Jürgen Bauhus,Peter van der Meer,Markku Kanninen
Publisher : Earthscan
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781849776417

Get Book

Ecosystem Goods and Services from Plantation Forests by Jürgen Bauhus,Peter van der Meer,Markku Kanninen Pdf

Plantation forests often have a negative image. They are typically assumed to be poor substitutes for natural forests, particularly in terms of biodiversity conservation, carbon storage, provision of clean drinking water and other non-timber goods and services. Often they are monocultures that do not appear to invite people for recreation and other direct uses. Yet as this book clearly shows, they can play a vital role in the provision of ecosystem services, when compared to agriculture and other forms of land use or when natural forests have been degraded. This is the first book to examine explicitly the non-timber goods and services provided by plantation forests, including soil, water and biodiversity conservation, as well as carbon sequestration and the provision of local livelihoods. The authors show that, if we require a higher provision of ecosystem goods and services from both temperate and tropical plantations, new approaches to their management are required. These include policies, methods for valuing the services, the practices of small landholders, landscape approaches to optimise delivery of goods and services, and technical issues about how to achieve suitable solutions at the scale of forest stands. While providing original theoretical insights, the book also gives guidance for plantation managers, policy-makers, conservation practitioners and community advocates, who seek to promote or strengthen the multiple-use of forest plantations for improved benefits for society. Published with CIFOR

Author : David Pearce,Dominic Moran
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134165292

Get Book

The Economic Value of Biodiversity by David Pearce,Dominic Moran Pdf

Biodiversity loss is one of the major resource problems facing the world, and the policy options available are restricted by inappropriate economic tools which fail to capture the value of species and their variety. This study describes in non-technical terms how cost-benefit analysis techniques can be applied to species and species loss, and how they provide a measure of the efficiency of conservation measures. Only when conservation can be shown to pass such a basic economic test, the authors claim, will it be incorporated into policies.;David Pearce has also written Blueprint for a Green Economy.

Author : David William Pearce,Dominic Moran,IUCN Biodiversity Programme
Publisher : Earthscan Publications
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Nature
ISBN : UOM:39015032241757

Get Book

The Economic Value of Biodiversity by David William Pearce,Dominic Moran,IUCN Biodiversity Programme Pdf

Explains in non-technical terms how economic cost-benefit analysis techniques can be applied to biodiversity loss, and how they can provide a measurement for the efficiency of conservation efforts. The author has also written "Blueprint for a Green Economy."

Author : Unep
Publisher : UNEP/Earthprint
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Ecosystem services
ISBN : 9280731319

Get Book

Guidance Manual for the Valuation of Regulating Services by Unep Pdf

Author : Dr. Richard D. Smith,Edward Maltby
Publisher : IUCN
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Nature
ISBN : 2831707420

Get Book

Using the Ecosystem Approach to Implement the Convention on Biological Diversity by Dr. Richard D. Smith,Edward Maltby Pdf

The Ecosystem Approach, defined as a strategy for the management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way, was adopted at the Second Conference of the Parties of the CBD as the primary framework for action under the Convention. It puts people and their nature resource use practices squarely at the centre of the decision-making framework. The case studies presented here were discussed at three workshops held in Southern Africa, South America and Southeast Asia. They provide practical examples of the Ecosystem Approach as well as a number of recommendations for action that are widely relevant to Parties and other bodies.

Author : Nigel Dudley
Publisher : IUCN
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782831710860

Get Book

Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories by Nigel Dudley Pdf

IUCN's Protected Areas Management Categories, which classify protected areas according to their management objectives, are today accepted as the benchmark for defining, recording, and classifying protected areas. They are recognized by international bodies such as the United Nations as well as many national governments. As a result, they are increasingly being incorporated into government legislation. These guidelines provide as much clarity as possible regarding the meaning and application of the Categories. They describe the definition of the Categories and discuss application in particular biomes and management approaches.

Author : Pushpam Kumar
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 455 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136538797

Get Book

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Foundations by Pushpam Kumar Pdf

Human well-being relies critically on ecosystem services provided by nature. Examples include water and air quality regulation, nutrient cycling and decomposition, plant pollination and flood control, all of which are dependent on biodiversity. They are predominantly public goods with limited or no markets and do not command any price in the conventional economic system, so their loss is often not detected and continues unaddressed and unabated. This in turn not only impacts human well-being, but also seriously undermines the sustainability of the economic system. It is against this background that TEEB: The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity project was set up in 2007 and led by the United Nations Environment Programme to provide a comprehensive global assessment of economic aspects of these issues. This book, written by a team of international experts, represents the scientific state of the art, providing a comprehensive assessment of the fundamental ecological and economic principles of measuring and valuing ecosystem services and biodiversity, and showing how these can be mainstreamed into public policies. This volume and subsequent TEEB outputs will provide the authoritative knowledge and guidance to drive forward the biodiversity conservation agenda for the next decade.

Author : Le Ngoc Dung,Lasse Loft,Januarti Sinarra Tjajadi,Pham Thu Thuy,Grace Y. Wong
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2016-08-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

Being equitable is not always fair: An assessment of PFES implementation in Dien Bien, Vietnam by Le Ngoc Dung,Lasse Loft,Januarti Sinarra Tjajadi,Pham Thu Thuy,Grace Y. Wong Pdf

Vietnam is the first Southeast Asian country to implement a national program for payments for forest environmental services (PFES), providing lessons on how such systems can be designed to achieve forest outcomes that are effective, efficient and equitable. This Working Paper presents results from an in-depth study on the implementation of PFES in Dien Bien province, Vietnam, which assessed how equity was locally conceptualized in the PFES benefit-sharing process and the factors that influenced local perceptions of equity. We found that local perceptions of equity varied across PFES communities because of differences in social contextual factors such as ethnicity and in the geography of the areas that affected the size of PFES payments and the level of PFES implementation. While PFES policy did include distributional equity considerations through formulation of the K-coefficient, this coefficient was not properly implemented on the ground due to its complexity and lack of data. The procedural aspects of equity were found to be lacking. Poor information flows, lack of awareness of rights and responsibilities and the non-participation of local ecosystem service (ES) providers in decision-making processes led to a general sense of inequity and demotivation. This study suggests that particular attention should be given to improve information sharing and communication patterns with local ES providers and to establish a proper grievance handling system for two-way information flow. The inclusion of local people in decision-making processes on the key elements of benefit-sharing mechanisms is crucial in aligning PFES benefits with the preferences of local people and could potentially help to motivate their performance in forest management. Policy makers and program implementers will want to examine local perspectives of equity – and to understand how these can change over time – so that they can tailor the design of benefit-sharing mechanisms to generate effective, efficient and equitable PFES outcomes.