Einstein S Mass Energy Equation Early History And Philosophical Foundations

Author : Francisco Fernflores
Publisher : Momentum Press
Page : 97 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2017-10-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781946646750

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Einstein's Mass-Energy Equation by Francisco Fernflores Pdf

In this second volume, we examine the role that Einstein’s mass–energy equation played in the development of two important theories in early twentieth century physics: de Broglie’s “matter waves” and general relativity as a theory of gravitation. We also discuss the first empirical confirmation of E = mc2 by Cockcroft and Walton. We investigate the somewhat surprising fact that Cockcroft and Walton’s paper reporting their result makes no mention of either Einstein or his famous equation. Finally, we examine some of the contemporary debates concerning how the mass–energy relation should be taught and understood philosophically. We close with some suggestions for future research.

Author : Francisco Fernflores
Publisher : Momentum Press
Page : 121 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2017-10-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781606508589

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Einstein's Mass-Energy Equation by Francisco Fernflores Pdf

In volume one of Einstein's Mass-Energy Equation, we examine the history and philosophical significance of several demonstrations Einstein published for his mass-energy relation, which is often expressed by the iconic equation E = mc2. Our goal is to illustrate how these demonstrations display a clear shift away from a reliance on electromagnetic phenomena culminating in Einstein's 1934 purely ÒdynamicÓ demonstration. Philosophically, this trend signals the importance of recognizing special relativity as what Einstein called a Òprinciple theory.Ó Volume two of this work examines the role that Einstein's mass-energy relation played in the development of quantum mechanics and general relativity. We also discuss the first empirical confirmation of E = mc2 and some contemporary debates concerning the philosophical interpretation of this important result.

Author : Michel Janssen,Jürgen Renn
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2022-07-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030979553

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How Einstein Found His Field Equations by Michel Janssen,Jürgen Renn Pdf

Einstein's field equations of gravitation are a core element of his general theory of relativity. In four short communications to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin in November 1015, we can follow the final steps toward these equations and the resulting theory's spectacular success in accounting for the anomalous motion of Mercury's perihelion. This source book provides an expert guide to these four groundbreaking papers. Following an introductory essay placing these papers in the context of the development of Einstein's theory, it presents and analyzes, in addition to the four papers of November 1915, a careful selection of (critical excerpts from) papers, letters, and manuscripts documenting the path that early on led Einstein to the field equations of the first November 1915 paper, but then took a turn away from them only to lead back to them in the end. Drawing on extensive research at the Einstein Papers Project and the Max Planck Institute for History of Science, this volume traces the intricate interplay between considerations of physics and considerations of mathematics that guided Einstein along this path. It thus presents a concise yet authoritative account of how Einstein found his field equations, affording readers who are prepared to immerse themselves in these intricacies a unique glimpse of Einstein at work at the height of his creative prowess. Highlights of this journey in Einstein's footsteps include the crucial pages (with detailed annotation) from the Zurich Notebook, the record of Einstein's early search for field equation with his mathematician friend Marcel Grossmann, and the Einstein-Besso manuscript, documenting Einstein's attempts with his friend and confidant Michele Besso to explain the Mercury anomaly on the basis of the equations that he and Grossmann had eventually settled on in the Zurich Notebook.

Author : Jagdish Mehra
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401021944

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Einstein, Hilbert, and The Theory of Gravitation by Jagdish Mehra Pdf

Some time ago I published a small piece * dealing with a charming little essay on 'the state of ether in magnetic fields', which the sixteen-year-old Einstein had written while he was awaiting admission to the E. T. H. in Zurich. This paper sought to trace the continuity between Einstein's early interest in electrodynamics and his later work on the special and general relativity theories. On reading this paper, Professor Eugene Wigner asked me whether David Hilbert had not independently discovered the field equations of gravitation. ** His impression from his stay in Gottingen (where Wigner had been Hilbert's assistant for one year in the late nineteen-twenties) was that Hilbert had indeed done so, and he asked me if it was true. I replied to Professor Wigner about Hilbert's contribution to the theory of gravitation. t He kindly encouraged me to expand my account to deal with the intricate and exciting details of the early years in the formulation of the general relativity theory of gravitation. This is what I have sought to do in this study. Albert Einstein created the general relativity theory of gravitation and dominated its development through the rest of his life. His early work on the theory of gravitation, from 1912 to 1916, had the drama of high adventure. It culminated in the establishment of its foundations which have remained unassailed by the theoretical and experimental work of succeeding decades.

Author : Max Jammer
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2011-09-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400840878

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Einstein and Religion by Max Jammer Pdf

The philosophy of religion and the quest for spiritual truth preoccupied Albert Einstein--so much that it has been said "one might suspect he was a disguised theologian." Nevertheless, the literature on the life and work of Einstein, extensive as it is, does not provide an adequate account of his religious conception and sentiments. Only fragmentarily known, Einstein's ideas about religion have been often distorted both by atheists and by religious groups eager to claim him as one of their own. But what exactly was Einstein's religious credo? In this fascinating book, the distinguished physicist and philosopher Max Jammer offers an unbiased and well-documented answer to this question. The book begins with a discussion of Einstein's childhood religious education and the religious atmosphere--or its absence--among his family and friends. It then reconstructs, step by step, the intellectual development that led Einstein to the conceptions of a cosmic religion and an impersonal God, akin to "the God of Spinoza." Jammer explores Einstein's writings and lectures on religion and its role in society, and how far they have been accepted by the general public and by professional theologians like Paul Tillich or Frederick Ferré. He also analyzes the precise meaning of Einstein's famous dictum "Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind," and why this statement can serve as an epitome of Einstein's philosophy of religion. The last chapter deals with the controversial question of whether Einstein's scientific work, and in particular his theory of relativity, has theologically significant implications, a problem important for those who are interested in the relation between science and religion. Both thought-provoking and engaging, this book aims to introduce readers, without proselytizing, to Einstein's religion.

Author : Chiara Russo Krauss,Luigi Laino
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2023-09-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783031364983

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Philosophers and Einstein's Relativity by Chiara Russo Krauss,Luigi Laino Pdf

This book offers an up-to-date insight into the early philosophical debate on Einsteinian relativity. The essays explore the reception and interpretation of Einstein’s ideas by some of the most important philosophical schools of the time, such as logical positivism (Reichenbach), neo-Kantianism (Cassirer, Natorp), critical realism (Sellars), and radical empiricism (Mach). The book is aimed at physicists and historians of science researching the epistemological implications of the theory of relativity, as well as to scholars in philosophy interested in understanding how leading philosophical figures of the early twentieth century reacted to the relativistic revolution.

Author : Albert Einstein
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 1989708978

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Relativity by Albert Einstein Pdf

Relativity: The Special and the General Theory began as a short paper and was eventually published as a book written by Albert Einstein with the aim of giving an exact insight into the theory of relativity to those who, from a scientific point of view, are interested in the theory, but not conversant with the math of theoretical physics.

Author : Joseph Breton
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0984429905

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Playing with Einstein by Joseph Breton Pdf

The Foundation for Theoretical Physics is pleased to offer Playing with Einstein: Reflections on E=mc2. This is a book for the intelligent reader who may not have a background in mathematics or physics, but who nevertheless is curious about the intellectual foundations of modern physics. After a brief historical introduction, each of the variables of Einstein's equation is carefully studied with a view to understanding it. Armed with intellectual tools provided from theoretical physics, the reader is enabled to make a thorough analysis of each variable. The meanings of energy, mass, and the speed of light are thus reflected upon in the context of the spontaneous decomposition of fissile materials. In addition to clarifying the variables in Einstein's equation, the analysis reveals alternate explanations for fission. In Einstein's equation the idea of energy is found either misleading or meaningless. The idea of mass is found ambiguous and misleading. The speed of light as specified in Einstein's equation is found meaningless. While acceptable as a definition, as an equation Einstein's equation is judged invalid. Inasmuch as Einstein's equation forms the basis of modern physics, these reflections challenge modern physicists to reexamine their discipline. The Foundation for Theoretical Physics is dedicated to supporting a science of physics free of contradictions.

Author : Joseph Agassi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Science
ISBN : CHI:14981534

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Towards an Historiography of Science by Joseph Agassi Pdf

Author : Albert Einstein
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-08-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134522514

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Relativity by Albert Einstein Pdf

Time's 'Man of the Century', Albert Einstein is the unquestioned founder of modern physics. His theory of relativity is the most important scientific idea of the modern era. In this short book Einstein explains, using the minimum of mathematical terms, the basic ideas and principles of the theory which has shaped the world we live in today. Unsurpassed by any subsequent books on relativity, this remains the most popular and useful exposition of Einstein's immense contribution to human knowledge.

Author : John C. H. Spence
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780198841968

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Lightspeed by John C. H. Spence Pdf

This is the human story and adventures of the great scientists who measured the speed of light -- which takes eight minutes to get here from the sun, so that when we look at the stars we are looking back in time. The book narrates how, since the ancient Greeks, scientists from Faraday, Maxwell, Fizeau and Michelson struggled to understand how light can travel through the vacuum of outer space, unless it is filled with a ghostly invisible vortex Aether foam. Thereader moves from Galileo's observations of the eclipses of Jupiter's moon for navigation, to Einstein's theories and his equation E = mc2, and all the quantum weirdness which followed. Space probes,the Transit of Venus expeditions, the discovery of radio, optics and satellite navigation, and the amazing scientific instruments built to detect the Aether wind are described.

Author : Rudolf Carnap
Publisher : Courier Corporation
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2012-07-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780486140865

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An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science by Rudolf Carnap Pdf

Stimulating, thought-provoking text by one of the 20th century's most creative philosophers makes accessible such topics as probability, measurement and quantitative language, causality and determinism, theoretical laws and concepts, more.

Author : Reginald Robert Hawkins
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1953
Category : Bibliography
ISBN : UOM:39015034731318

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Scientific, Medical and Technical Books. Published in the United States of America by Reginald Robert Hawkins Pdf

Author : Valerie A. Brown,John A. Harris
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2014-02-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136263521

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The Human Capacity for Transformational Change by Valerie A. Brown,John A. Harris Pdf

Pressures for transformational change have become a regular feature of most fields of human endeavour. Master-thinkers and visionaries alike have reframed existing divisions as connecting relationships, bringing together as dynamic systems the supposed opposites of parts and wholes, stability and change, individuals and society, and rational and creative thinking. This reframing of opposites as interconnected wholes has led to realisation of the power of a collective mind. This book offers ways and means of creating the synergies that are crucial in influencing a desired transformational change towards a just and sustainable future. It describes how and why our current decision-making on any complex issue is marked by clashes between the different interests involved. More optimistically, the book pursues a mode of thinking that brings together government, specialised and community interests at the local, regional and personal scales in a collective transformation process. Practical examples signal the emergence of a new knowledge tradition that promises to be as powerful as the scientific enlightenment. Written in accessible language, this book will be insightful reading for anyone struggling with transformational change, especially researchers, students and professionals in the fields of administration, governance, environmental management, international development, politics, public health, public law, sociology, and community development

Author : Robert W. Messler
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Publishers
Page : 572 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780763778330

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The Essence of Materials for Engineers by Robert W. Messler Pdf

This text is designed for the introductory, one semester course in materials science or as a reference for professional engineers. It addresses what is essential for all engineers to know about the relationship between structure and properties as affected by processing in order to obtain all-important required performance. The organization of topics reflects this key interrelationship, and presents those topics in an order appropriate for students in an introductory course to build their own mental construct or hierarchy. Modern advances in polymers, ceramics, crystals, composites, semiconductors, etc. are discussed with an emphasis on applications in industry.