Eisenhower Science Advice And The Nuclear Test Ban Debate 1945 1963

Author : Benjamin P. Greene
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : History
ISBN : 0804754454

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Eisenhower, Science Advice, and the Nuclear Test-Ban Debate, 1945-1963 by Benjamin P. Greene Pdf

Based on extensive research in government archives and private papers, this book analyzes the secret debate within the Eisenhower administration over the pursuit of a nuclear test-ban agreement. In contrast to much recent scholarship, this study concludes that Eisenhower strongly desired to reach an accord with the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom to cease nuclear weapons testing. For Eisenhower, a test ban would ease Cold War tensions, slow the nuclear arms race, and build confidence toward disarmament; however, he faced continual resistance from his early scientific advisers, most notably Lewis L. Strauss and Edward Teller. Extensive research into previously unavailable government archival sources and collections of private manuscripts reveals the manipulative acts of test-ban opponents and other factors that inhibited Eisenhower s actions throughout his presidency. Meticulously analyzed, these sources underscore Eisenhower's dependence on the counsel of his science advisors, such as Strauss, James R. Killian, and George B. Kistiakowsky, to determine the course he pursued in regard to several components of his national security strategy. In addition to its comprehensive analysis of the test-ban debate, this book makes important contributions to the scholarly literature assessing Eisenhower's leadership and his approach to arms control. "

Author : Benjamin Patrick Greene
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 896 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Arms race
ISBN : STANFORD:36105023549350

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Crucified on a Cross of Atoms by Benjamin Patrick Greene Pdf

Author : Toshihiro Higuchi
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2020-05-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781503612907

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Political Fallout by Toshihiro Higuchi Pdf

Political Fallout is the story of one of the first human-driven, truly global environmental crises—radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons testing during the Cold War—and the international response. Beginning in 1945, the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union detonated hundreds of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, scattering a massive amount of radioactivity across the globe. The scale of contamination was so vast, and radioactive decay so slow, that the cumulative effect on humans and the environment is still difficult to fully comprehend. The international debate over nuclear fallout turned global radioactive contamination into an environmental issue, eventually leading the nuclear superpowers to sign the landmark Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) in 1963. Bringing together environmental history and Cold War history, Toshihiro Higuchi argues that the PTBT, originally proposed as an arms control measure, transformed into a dual-purpose initiative to check the nuclear arms race and radioactive pollution simultaneously. Higuchi draws on sources in English, Russian, and Japanese, considering both the epistemic differences that emerged in different scientific communities in the 1950s and the way that public consciousness around the risks of radioactive fallout influenced policy in turn. Political Fallout addresses the implications of science and policymaking in the Anthropocene—an era in which humans are confronting environmental changes of their own making.

Author : Sarah Bridger
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674736825

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Scientists at War by Sarah Bridger Pdf

Sarah Bridger examines the ethical debates that tested the U.S. scientific community during the Cold War, and scientists’ contributions to military technologies and strategic policymaking, from the dawning atomic age through the Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars) in the 1980s, which sparked cross-generational opposition among scientists.

Author : Mitchell K. Hall
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 905 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2018-01-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9781440845192

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Opposition to War [2 volumes] by Mitchell K. Hall Pdf

How have Americans sought peaceful, rather than destructive, solutions to domestic and world conflict? This two-volume set documents peace and antiwar movements in the United States from the colonial era to the present. Although national leaders often claim to be fighting to achieve peace, the real peace seekers struggle against enormous resistance to their message and have often faced persecution for their efforts. Despite a well-established pattern of being involved in wars, the United States also has a long tradition of citizens who made extensive efforts to build and maintain peaceful societies and prevent the destructive human and material costs of war. Unarmed activists have most consistently upheld American values at home. Opposition to War: An Encyclopedia of U.S. Peace and Antiwar Movements investigates this historical tradition of resistance to involvement in armed conflict—an especially important and relevant topic today as the nation has been mired in numerous military conflicts throughout most of the current century. The book examines a largely misunderstood and underappreciated minority of Americans who have committed themselves to finding peaceful resolutions to domestic and international conflicts—individuals who have proposed and conducted an array of practical and creative methods for peaceful change, from the transformation of individual behavior to the development of international governing and legal systems, for more than 250 years. Readers will learn how individuals working alone or organized into societies of various size have steadfastly campaigned to stop war, end the arms race, eliminate the underlying causes of war, and defend the civil liberties of Americans when wartime nationalism most threatens them.

Author : David M. Blades,Joseph M. Siracusa
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2014-05-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781442232013

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A History of U.S. Nuclear Testing and Its Influence on Nuclear Thought, 1945–1963 by David M. Blades,Joseph M. Siracusa Pdf

The story of U. S. nuclear testing between 1945 and 1963 is a vivid and exciting one, but also one of profound importance. It is a story of trailblazing scientific progress, weapons of mass destruction, superpower rivalry, accidents, radiological contamination, politics, and diplomacy. The testing of weapons that defined the course and consequences of the Cold War was itself a crucial dimension to the narrative of that conflict. Further, the central question - Why conduct nuclear tests? - was fully debated among American politicians, generals, civilians, and scientists, and ultimately it was victory for those who argued in favor of national security over diplomatic and environmental costs that normalized nuclear weapons tests. A History of U. S. Nuclear Testing and Its Influence on Nuclear Thought, 1945–1963 is an examination of this question, beginning with the road to normalization and, later, de-normalization of nuclear testing, leading to the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963. As states continue to pursue nuclear weaponry, nuclear testing remains an important political issue in the twenty-first century.

Author : Chester J. Pach
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 594 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2017-04-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9780470655214

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A Companion to Dwight D. Eisenhower by Chester J. Pach Pdf

A Companion to Dwight D. Eisenhower brings new depth to the historiography of this significant and complex figure, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date depiction of both the man and era. Thoughtfully incorporates new and significant literature on Dwight D. Eisenhower Thoroughly examines both the Eisenhower era and the man himself, broadening the historical scope by which Eisenhower is understood and interpreted Presents a complete picture of Eisenhower’s many roles in historical context: the individual, general, president, politician, and citizen This Companion is the ideal starting point for anyone researching America during the Eisenhower years and an invaluable guide for graduate students and advanced undergraduates in history, political science, and policy studies Meticulously edited by a leading authority on the Eisenhower presidency with chapters by international experts on political, international, social, and cultural history

Author : Roger Pielke,Roberta A. Klein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2010-06-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789048138982

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Presidential Science Advisors by Roger Pielke,Roberta A. Klein Pdf

For the past 50 years a select group of scientists has provided advice to the US President, mostly out of the public eye, on issues ranging from the deployment of weapons to the launching of rockets to the moon to the use of stem cells to cure disease. The role of the presidential science adviser came under increasing scrutiny during the administration of George W. Bush, which was highly criticized by many for its use (and some say, misuse) of science. This edited volume includes, for the first time, the reflections of the presidential science advisers from Donald Hornig who served under Lyndon B. Johnson, to John Marburger, the previous science advisor, on their roles within both government and the scientific community. It provides an intimate glimpse into the inner workings of the White House, as well as the political realities of providing advice on scientific matters to the presidential of the United States. The reflections of the advisers are supplemented with critical analysis of the role of the science adviser by several well-recognized science policy practitioners and experts. This volume will be of interest to science policy and presidential history scholars and students.

Author : Or Rabinowitz
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2014-05-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780191007439

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Bargaining on Nuclear Tests by Or Rabinowitz Pdf

Most observers who follow nuclear history agree on one major aspect regarding Israel's famous policy of nuclear ambiguity; mainly that it is an exception. More specifically, it is largely accepted that the 1969 Nixon-Meir understanding, which formally established Israel's policy of nuclear ambiguity and transformed it from an undeclared Israeli strategy into a long-lasting undisclosed bilateral agreement, was in fact a singularity, aimed at allowing Washington to turn a blind eye to the existence of an Israeli arsenal. According to conventional wisdom, this nuclear bargain was a foreign policy exception on behalf of Washington, an exception which reflected a relationship growing closer and warmer between the superpower leading the free world and its small Cold War associate. Contrary to the orthodox narrative, this research demonstrates that this was not the case. The 1969 bargain was not, in fact, an exception, but rather the first of three Cold War era deals on nuclear tests brokered by Washington with its Cold War associates, the other two being Pakistan and South Africa. These two deals are not well known and until now were discussed and explored in the literature in a very limited fashion. Bargaining on Nuclear Tests places the role of nuclear tests by American associates, as well as Washington's attempts to prevent and delay them, at the heart of a new nuclear history narrative.

Author : Richard Dean Burns,Philip E. Coyle
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2015-03-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781442223769

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The Challenges of Nuclear Non-Proliferation by Richard Dean Burns,Philip E. Coyle Pdf

The Challenges of Nuclear Non-Proliferation is an exhaustive survey of the many aspects of non-proliferation efforts. It explains why some nations pursued nuclear programs while others abandoned them, as well as the challenges, strengths, and weaknesses of non-proliferation efforts. It addresses key issues such as concerns over rogue states and stateless rogues, delivery systems made possible by technology, and the connection between nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles, examining whether non-proliferation regimes can deal with these threats or whether economic or military sanctions need to be developed. It also examines the feasibility of eliminating or greatly reducing the number of nuclear weapons. A broad survey of one of today’s great threats to international security, this text provides undergraduates students with the tools needed to evaluate current events and global threats.

Author : Ian James Bickerton
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2019-09-04
Category : Young Adult Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781538120569

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John F. Kennedy by Ian James Bickerton Pdf

John F. Kennedy: A Reference Guide to His Life and Works cover all aspects of his life and work. Kennedy shaped the domestic and international direction of the nation for decades to come. He is remembered for the hope and encouragement he instilled in the struggle for civil rights, his support for the freedom riders and for equality for women.

Author : Ruud van Dijk,William Glenn Gray,Svetlana Savranskaya,Jeremi Suri,Qiang Zhai
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 1076 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135923112

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Encyclopedia of the Cold War by Ruud van Dijk,William Glenn Gray,Svetlana Savranskaya,Jeremi Suri,Qiang Zhai Pdf

Between 1945 and 1991, tension between the USA, its allies, and a group of nations led by the USSR, dominated world politics. This period was called the Cold War – a conflict that stopped short to a full-blown war. Benefiting from the recent research of newly open archives, the Encyclopedia of the Cold War discusses how this state of perpetual tensions arose, developed, and was resolved. This work examines the military, economic, diplomatic, and political evolution of the conflict as well as its impact on the different regions and cultures of the world. Using a unique geopolitical approach that will present Russian perspectives and others, the work covers all aspects of the Cold War, from communism to nuclear escalation and from UFOs to red diaper babies, highlighting its vast-ranging and lasting impact on international relations as well as on daily life. Although the work will focus on the 1945–1991 period, it will explore the roots of the conflict, starting with the formation of the Soviet state, and its legacy to the present day.

Author : Frank Costigliola,Michael J. Hogan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2013-12-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107001466

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America in the World by Frank Costigliola,Michael J. Hogan Pdf

This volume includes historiographical surveys of American foreign relations since 1941 by some of the country's leading historians. Some of the essays offer sweeping overviews of the major trends in the field of foreign/international relations history. Others survey the literature on US relations with particular regions of the world or on the foreign policies of presidential administrations. The result is a comprehensive assessment of the historical literature on US foreign policy that highlights recent developments in the field.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 568 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Military art and science
ISBN : IND:30000119649386

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Parameters by Anonim Pdf

Author : Rosemary B. Mariner,G. Kurt Piehler
Publisher : Univ. of Tennessee Press
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : History
ISBN : 9781572336483

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The Atomic Bomb and American Society by Rosemary B. Mariner,G. Kurt Piehler Pdf

Drawing on the latest research on the atomic bomb and its history, the contributors to this provocative collection of eighteen essays set out to answer two key questions: First, how did the atomic bomb, a product of unprecedented technological innovation, rapid industrial-scale manufacturing, and unparalleled military deployment shape U.S. foreign policy, the communities of workers who produced it, and society as a whole? And second, how has American society's perception that the the bomb is a means of military deterrence in the Cold War era evolve under the influence of mass media, scientists, public intellectuals, and even the entertainment industry? In answering these questions, The Atomic Bomb and American Society sheds light on the collaboration of science and the military in creating the bomb; the role of women working at Los Alamos; the transformation of nuclear physicists into public intellectuals as the reality of the bomb came into widespread consciousness; the revolutionary change in military strategy following the invention of the bomb and the development of Cold War ideology; the image of the bomb that was conveyed in the popular media; and the connection of the bomb to the commemoration of World War II. As it illuminates the cultural, social, political, environmental, and historical effects of the creation of the atomic bomb, this volume contributes to our understanding of how democratic institutions can coexist with a technology that affects everyone, even if only a few are empowered to manage it. Rosemary B. Mariner is formerly Joint Chiefs of Staff Chair and Professor of Military Studies for the National War College. She is currently a lecturer in history at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. G. Kurt Piehler is associate professor of history and former director of the Center for the Study of War and Society at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, which hosted the conference that formed the basis of this volume. He is the author of Remembering War the American Way and World War II in the American Soldiers' Lives Series as well as the coeditor, with John Whiteclay Chambers II, of Major Problems in American Military History.