Emmy Noether 1882 1935

Author : DICK
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781468405354

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Emmy Noether 1882–1935 by DICK Pdf

N 1964 at the World's Fair in New York I City one room was dedicated solely to mathematics. The display included a very at tractive and informative mural, about 13 feet long, sponsored by one of the largest com puter manufacturing companies and present ing a brief survey of the history of mathemat ics. Entitled, "Men of Modern Mathematics," it gives an outline of the development of that science from approximately 1000 B. C. to the year of the exhibition. The first centuries of this time span are illustrated by pictures from the history of art and, in particular, architec ture; the period since 1500 is illuminated by portraits of mathematicians, including brief descriptions of their lives and professional achievements. Close to eighty portraits are crowded into a space of about fourteen square feet; among them, only one is of a woman. Her face-mature, intelligent, neither pretty nor handsome-may suggest her love of sci- 1 Emmy Noether ence and creative gift, but certainly reveals a likeable personality and a genuine kindness of heart. It is the portrait of Emmy Noether ( 1882 - 1935), surrounded by the likenesses of such famous men as Joseph Liouville (1809-1882), Georg Cantor (1845-1918), and David Hilbert (1862 -1943). It is accom panied by the following text: Emmy Noether, daughter of the mathemati cian Max, was often called "Der Noether," as if she were a man.

Author : Auguste Dick
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : Electronic
ISBN : UOM:49015001022426

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Emmy Noether, 1882-1935 by Auguste Dick Pdf

Author : Emmy Noether
Publisher : Marcel Dekker
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : UOM:39015017351704

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Emmy Noether by Emmy Noether Pdf

Author : M. B. W. Tent
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2008-10-10
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781439865347

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Emmy Noether by M. B. W. Tent Pdf

This book, written primarily for the young adult reader, tells the life story of Emmy Noether, the most important female mathematician of our time. Because no one expected her to grow into an important scientist, the records of her early life are sketchy. After all, it was assumed that she would grow up to be a wife and mother. Instead, she was a g

Author : Bhama Srinivasan,Judith D. Sally
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781461255475

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Emmy Noether in Bryn Mawr by Bhama Srinivasan,Judith D. Sally Pdf

Sponsored by the Association for Women in Mathematics

Author : Dwight E. Neuenschwander
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2017-04-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781421422688

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Emmy Noether's Wonderful Theorem by Dwight E. Neuenschwander Pdf

One of the most important—and beautiful—mathematical solutions ever devised, Noether’s theorem touches on every aspect of physics. "In the judgment of the most competent living mathematicians, Fräulein Noether was the most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of women began."—Albert Einstein The year was 1915, and the young mathematician Emmy Noether had just settled into Göttingen University when Albert Einstein visited to lecture on his nearly finished general theory of relativity. Two leading mathematicians of the day, David Hilbert and Felix Klein, dug into the new theory with gusto, but had difficulty reconciling it with what was known about the conservation of energy. Knowing of her expertise in invariance theory, they requested Noether’s help. To solve the problem, she developed a novel theorem, applicable across all of physics, which relates conservation laws to continuous symmetries—one of the most important pieces of mathematical reasoning ever developed. Noether’s “first” and “second” theorem was published in 1918. The first theorem relates symmetries under global spacetime transformations to the conservation of energy and momentum, and symmetry under global gauge transformations to charge conservation. In continuum mechanics and field theories, these conservation laws are expressed as equations of continuity. The second theorem, an extension of the first, allows transformations with local gauge invariance, and the equations of continuity acquire the covariant derivative characteristic of coupled matter-field systems. General relativity, it turns out, exhibits local gauge invariance. Noether’s theorem also laid the foundation for later generations to apply local gauge invariance to theories of elementary particle interactions. In Dwight E. Neuenschwander’s new edition of Emmy Noether’s Wonderful Theorem, readers will encounter an updated explanation of Noether’s “first” theorem. The discussion of local gauge invariance has been expanded into a detailed presentation of the motivation, proof, and applications of the “second” theorem, including Noether’s resolution of concerns about general relativity. Other refinements in the new edition include an enlarged biography of Emmy Noether’s life and work, parallels drawn between the present approach and Noether’s original 1918 paper, and a summary of the logic behind Noether’s theorem.

Author : Birgit Bergmann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2012-10-22
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783642224645

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Transcending Tradition: Jewish Mathematicians in German Speaking Academic Culture by Birgit Bergmann Pdf

A companion publication to the international exhibition "Transcending Tradition: Jewish Mathematicians in German-Speaking Academic Culture", the catalogue explores the working lives and activities of Jewish mathematicians in German-speaking countries during the period between the legal and political emancipation of the Jews in the 19th century and their persecution in Nazi Germany. It highlights the important role Jewish mathematicians played in all areas of mathematical culture during the Wilhelmine Empire and the Weimar Republic, and recalls their emigration, flight or death after 1933.

Author : Yvette Kosmann-Schwarzbach
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2010-11-17
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780387878683

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The Noether Theorems by Yvette Kosmann-Schwarzbach Pdf

In 1915 and 1916 Emmy Noether was asked by Felix Klein and David Hilbert to assist them in understanding issues involved in any attempt to formulate a general theory of relativity, in particular the new ideas of Einstein. She was consulted particularly over the difficult issue of the form a law of conservation of energy could take in the new theory, and she succeeded brilliantly, finding two deep theorems. But between 1916 and 1950, the theorem was poorly understood and Noether's name disappeared almost entirely. People like Klein and Einstein did little more then mention her name in the various popular or historical accounts they wrote. Worse, earlier attempts which had been eclipsed by Noether's achievements were remembered, and sometimes figure in quick historical accounts of the time. This book carries a translation of Noether's original paper into English, and then describes the strange history of its reception and the responses to her work. Ultimately the theorems became decisive in a shift from basing fundamental physics on conservations laws to basing it on symmetries, or at the very least, in thoroughly explaining the connection between these two families of ideas. The real significance of this book is that it shows very clearly how long it took before mathematicians and physicists began to recognize the seminal importance of Noether's results. This book is thoroughly researched and provides careful documentation of the textbook literature. Kosmann-Schwarzbach has thus thrown considerable light on this slow dance in which the mathematical tools necessary to study symmetry properties and conservation laws were apparently provided long before the orchestra arrives and the party begins.

Author : David E. Rowe
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2021-01-09
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783030638108

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Emmy Noether – Mathematician Extraordinaire by David E. Rowe Pdf

Although she was famous as the "mother of modern algebra," Emmy Noether’s life and work have never been the subject of an authoritative scientific biography. Emmy Noether – Mathematician Extraordinaire represents the most comprehensive study of this singularly important mathematician to date. Focusing on key turning points, it aims to provide an overall interpretation of Noether’s intellectual development while offering a new assessment of her role in transforming the mathematics of the twentieth century. Hermann Weyl, her colleague before both fled to the United States in 1933, fully recognized that Noether’s dynamic school was the very heart and soul of the famous Göttingen community. Beyond her immediate circle of students, Emmy Noether’s lectures and seminars drew talented mathematicians from all over the world. Four of the most important were B.L. van der Waerden, Pavel Alexandrov, Helmut Hasse, and Olga Taussky. Noether’s classic papers on ideal theory inspired van der Waerden to recast his research in algebraic geometry. Her lectures on group theory motivated Alexandrov to develop links between point set topology and combinatorial methods. Noether’s vision for a new approach to algebraic number theory gave Hasse the impetus to pursue a line of research that led to the Brauer–Hasse–Noether Theorem, whereas her abstract style clashed with Taussky’s approach to classical class field theory during a difficult time when both were trying to find their footing in a foreign country. Although similar to Proving It Her Way: Emmy Noether, a Life in Mathematics, this lengthier study addresses mathematically minded readers. Thus, it presents a detailed analysis of Emmy Noether’s work with Hilbert and Klein on mathematical problems connected with Einstein’s theory of relativity. These efforts culminated with her famous paper "Invariant Variational Problems," published one year before she joined the Göttingen faculty in 1919.

Author : Israel Kleiner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2007-10-02
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780817646844

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A History of Abstract Algebra by Israel Kleiner Pdf

This book explores the history of abstract algebra. It shows how abstract algebra has arisen in attempting to solve some of these classical problems, providing a context from which the reader may gain a deeper appreciation of the mathematics involved.

Author : Ioan James
Publisher : Mathematical Association of America
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2003-02-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0521817773

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Remarkable Mathematicians by Ioan James Pdf

Ioan James introduces and profiles sixty mathematicians from the era when mathematics was freed from its classical origins to develop into its modern form. The subjects, all born between 1700 and 1910, come from a wide range of countries, and all made important contributions to mathematics, through their ideas, their teaching, and their influence. James emphasizes their varied life stories, not the details of their mathematical achievements. The book is organized chronologically into ten chapters, each of which contains biographical sketches of six mathematicians. The men and women James has chosen to portray are representative of the history of mathematics, such that their stories, when read in sequence, convey in human terms something of the way in which mathematics developed. Ioan James is a professor at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford. He is the author of Topological Topics (Cambridge, 1983), Fibrewise Topology (Cambridge, 1989), Introduction to Uniform Spaces (Cambridge, 1990), Topological and Uniform Spaces (Springer-Verlag New York, 1999), and co-author with Michael C. Crabb of Fibrewise Homotopy Theory (Springer-Verlag New York, 1998). James is the former editor of the London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series and volume editor of numerous books. He is the organizer of the Oxford Series of Topology symposia and other conferences, and co-chairman of the Task Force for Mathematical Sciences of Campaign for Oxford.

Author : Talithia Williams
Publisher : Quarto Publishing Group USA
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2018-04-10
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780760360286

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Power in Numbers by Talithia Williams Pdf

From rocket scientists to code breakers, “fascinating stories” of women who overcame obstacles, shattered stereotypes, and pursued their passion for math (Notices of the American Mathematical Society). With more than 200 photos and original interviews with several of the amazing women covered, Power in Numbers: The Rebel Women of Mathematics is a full-color volume that puts a spotlight on the influence of women on the development of mathematics over the last two millennia. Each biography reveals the life of a different female mathematician, from her childhood and early influences to the challenges she faced and the great achievements she made in spite of them. Learn how: After her father terminated her math lessons, Sofia Kovalevskaya snuck algebra books into her bed to read at night Emmy Noether became an invaluable resource to Albert Einstein while she was in the Navy Native American rocket scientist Mary Golda Ross developed designs for fighter jets and missiles in a top-secret unit Katherine Johnson’s life-or-death calculations at NASA meant that astronauts such as Alan Shepard and John Glenn made it home alive Shakuntala Devi multiplied massive numbers in her head so her family could eat at night Pamela Harris proved her school counselors wrong when they told her she would only succeed as a bilinguial secretary Carla Cotwright-Williams began her life in the dangerous streets of South-Central Los Angeles before skyrocketing to a powerful career with the Department of Defense in Washington, DC These women are a diverse group, but their stories have one thing in common: At some point on their journeys, someone believed in them—and made them think the impossible was perhaps not so impossible. “A quick read . . . full of dramatic stories and eye-catching illustrations.” —MAA Reviews “I found myself marveling at the personal anecdotes and quotes throughout the book.” —Notices of the American Mathematical Society

Author : Facts On File, Incorporated
Publisher : Infobase Publishing
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780791097205

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Modern Mathematics by Facts On File, Incorporated Pdf

During the first half of the 20th century, mathematics became an international discipline that led to major advances in science and technology. Modern Mathematics: 1900 to 1950 provides an eye-opening introduction to those five historic decades by analyzing the advancement of the field through the accomplishments of 10 significant mathematicians. From David Hilbert and Emmy Noether, who introduced the infinite dimensional vector spaces and algebraic rings that bear their names, to Norbert Wiener, the founder of cybernetics, this in-depth volume is an excellent choice for libraries aiming to provide a range of resources covering the history of mathematics.

Author : Joanne Mattern
Publisher : Sourcebooks, Inc.
Page : 129 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-15
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781728260761

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100 Immigrants Who Shaped American History by Joanne Mattern Pdf

Incredible stories of 100 extraordinary American immigrants, for kids 8 and up This easy-to-read biography collection includes: 100 one-page biographies: Find out how these incredible individuals changed the course of history! Illustrated portraits: Each biography includes an illustration to help bring history to life! A timeline, trivia questions, project ideas, and more: Boost your learning and test your knowledge with fun activities and resources! From Alexander Graham Bell to Albert Einstein, Mary Pickford to Alfred Hitchcock, Hannah Arendt to Madeleine Albright and many more, readers will be introduced to artists, activists, scientists, and icons throughout history who made America their home. Organized chronologically, 100 Immigrants Who Shaped American History offers a look at the prominent role immigrants have always played in America and how their talents, ideas, and expertise have guided the country from its very beginning all the way through the present day.

Author : Nina Byers,Gary Williams
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2006-08-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780521821971

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Out of the Shadows by Nina Byers,Gary Williams Pdf

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