Encyclopedia Of Earth System Science

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 760 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2024-07-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0122267249

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Encyclopedia of Earth System Science by Anonim Pdf

Author : William A. Nierenberg,Leonid M. Brekhovskikh,Kenneth O. Emery,Joseph R. Curray,Xavier LePichon,Karl K. Turekian,C. K. Tseng,A. P. Lisitzin,Noriyuki Nasu,Eugen Seibold
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 2825 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1991-10
Category : Reference
ISBN : 0122267192

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Encyclopedia of Earth System Science by William A. Nierenberg,Leonid M. Brekhovskikh,Kenneth O. Emery,Joseph R. Curray,Xavier LePichon,Karl K. Turekian,C. K. Tseng,A. P. Lisitzin,Noriyuki Nasu,Eugen Seibold Pdf

Today's society is concerned with a multitude of events affecting the Earth system, ranging from natural processes such as ocean circulation, weather systems, and geophysics to concerns like acid rain, ecotoxicology, and the greenhouse effect. To understand the impact of these events on the Earth system and to resolve environmental problems, knowledge of all the earth sciences and how they interact is essential.**The Encyclopedia of Earth System Science is the first encyclopedia to comprehensively cover, in one place, all the earth sciences--including atmospheric science, biogeochemistry, climatology, ecology, geology, geophysics, glaciology, hydrology, meteorology, mineralogy, oceanography, petrology, and numerous other fields. It treats the Earth as a system of interactive processes and describes how these processes affect and are affected by each other.**Complete in four volumes, the Encyclopedia provides a broad base of knowledge. An international group of experts, all distinguished in their fields, have written in-depth articles with extensive cross-referencing to stress the interconnection between all earth processes. The glossaries, concise subject definitions, brief outlines, and recent bibliographies found in each article also provide the reader with quick access to each topic. Key Features * Four volumes, with articles arranged alphabetically for direct access * 15,000-entry subject index included in Volume 4 * More than 250 articles * 2,629 pages * 1,300 illustrations * 250 tables * 1,300 glossary entries * 1,600 bibliographic entries * Extensive cross-referencing * Full-color plates * Large 8-1/2" x 11", double-column format * Printed on acid free paper, Smyth sewn, and casebound * Internationally renowned Advisory Board with members from the United States, Japan, the Soviet Union, France, and China

Author : D.E. Alexander,Rhodes W. Fairbridge
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 712 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1999-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780412740503

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Encyclopedia of Environmental Science by D.E. Alexander,Rhodes W. Fairbridge Pdf

A strongly interdisciplinary and wide-ranging survey of the environment of life on Earth: the most authoritative and comprehensive source on environmental science to be collected together in a single volume. Unique in presenting both a basic overview and detailed information on environmental topics. Entries are arranged in an encyclopedic A-Z format and contain extensive cross-references to related entries, as well as references to primary and secondary literature. Over 370 separate entries prepared by 228 leading experts from 25 countries. Incorporates 25 substantial in-depth treatments of key areas and also includes biographies of leading scientists and environmentalists. Contains a comprehensive subject index and a citation index of all referenced authors. The Encyclopedia of Environmental Science is a multidisciplinary reference work, which crosses many fields of interest and includes a wide variety of scholarly and authoritative articles on mankind's environment. It provides information on the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere and is careful to focus on the connections between these realms and the Earth as a whole. Taken as a whole, the Encyclopedia surveys basic environmental science and applied areas of study, and is drawn from the physical sciences, life sciences and social sciences. The 228 authors from 25 different countries, many of whom are the leading authorities in their field, include biologists, ecologists, geographers, geologists, political scientists, soil scientists, hydrologists, climatologists, and representatives of many other disciplines and academic specialties. The work, which is amply referenced and cross-referenced, consists of substantial essays on major topics, medium-sized entries and short definitional entries. The shorter entries include useful biographies of leading scientists and environmentalists. The Encyclopedia will be invaluable to all readers interested in the environment of life on Earth, its past, present and future, and its physical and social dimensions. The text provides a source of well-classified basic information as well as covering the leading theories and important debates in the environmental sciences. In addition, the book also includes assessments of the future prospects for the Earth's environment in the face of pollution, population increases and the accelerating transformation of land, air, water and vegetational systems. The Encyclopedia is unique in presenting both a basic overview and detailed information on environmental topics and is suitable for the general scientific reader and the specialized environmental scientist in academic institutions, research laboratories or private practice.

Author : John Orcutt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 517 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461456841

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Earth System Monitoring by John Orcutt Pdf

Modern Earth System Monitoring represents a fundamental change in the way scientists study the Earth System. In Oceanography, for the past two centuries, ships have provided the platforms for observing. Expeditions on the continents and Earth’s poles are land-based analogues. Fundamental understanding of current systems, climate, natural hazards, and ecosystems has been greatly advanced. While these approaches have been remarkably successful, the need to establish measurements over time can only be made using Earth observations and observatories with exacting standards and continuous data. The 19 peer-reviewed contributions in this volume provide early insights into this emerging view of Earth in both space and time in which change is a critical component of our growing understanding.

Author : William M. White
Publisher : Springer
Page : 1680 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2018-07-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319393111

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Encyclopedia of Geochemistry by William M. White Pdf

The Encyclopedia is a complete and authoritative reference work for this rapidly evolving field. Over 200 international scientists, each experts in their specialties, have written over 330 separate topics on different aspects of geochemistry including geochemical thermodynamics and kinetics, isotope and organic geochemistry, meteorites and cosmochemistry, the carbon cycle and climate, trace elements, geochemistry of high and low temperature processes, and ore deposition, to name just a few. The geochemical behavior of the elements is described as is the state of the art in analytical geochemistry. Each topic incorporates cross-referencing to related articles, and also has its own reference list to lead the reader to the essential articles within the published literature. The entries are arranged alphabetically, for easy access, and the subject and citation indices are comprehensive and extensive. Geochemistry applies chemical techniques and approaches to understanding the Earth and how it works. It touches upon almost every aspect of earth science, ranging from applied topics such as the search for energy and mineral resources, environmental pollution, and climate change to more basic questions such as the Earth’s origin and composition, the origin and evolution of life, rock weathering and metamorphism, and the pattern of ocean and mantle circulation. Geochemistry allows us to assign absolute ages to events in Earth’s history, to trace the flow of ocean water both now and in the past, trace sediments into subduction zones and arc volcanoes, and trace petroleum to its source rock and ultimately the environment in which it formed. The earliest of evidence of life is chemical and isotopic traces, not fossils, preserved in rocks. Geochemistry has allowed us to unravel the history of the ice ages and thereby deduce their cause. Geochemistry allows us to determine the swings in Earth’s surface temperatures during the ice ages, determine the temperatures and pressures at which rocks have been metamorphosed, and the rates at which ancient magma chambers cooled and crystallized. The field has grown rapidly more sophisticated, in both analytical techniques that can determine elemental concentrations or isotope ratios with exquisite precision and in computational modeling on scales ranging from atomic to planetary.

Author : Michael C. MacCracken,John S. Perry
Publisher : Wiley
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2003-08-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 0470853603

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Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, The Earth System by Michael C. MacCracken,John S. Perry Pdf

Volume One of this Encyclopedia deals with the physical and chemical dimensions of the Earth system, including for example the atmosphere, the oceans, the cryosphere, and those aspects of the land surface particularly relevant to interactions with other components of the Earth system. It focuses on the most dynamic aspects of the system, on the factors and processes that produce change, and on the programs and individual scientists most concerned with measuring and understanding change. The volume begins with a group of extended review essays, followed by shorter articles on various aspects of the history, current state, and possible future states of the Earth system, including the interactions among the components of this system. Expert contributions feature on: Historical trends in various environmental indicators, both in the past century and extending back through geological time What we have learned, and the tools used to gain knowledge about the functioning of this complex system, from field programs to model simulations Effects of human intervention on climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion Details of organized international observing, data management, and research programs in the Earth sciences Brief biographies of a selection of leading scientists This volume represents a uniquely valuable source of focused, timely, and authoritative information relating to the issues of global environmental change. It has been constructed broad enough in scope to illuminate every corner of the relevant geophysical sciences, while remaining concise and readily usable by the non-specialist.

Author : Timothy M. Kusky,Katherine E. Cullen
Publisher : Infobase Publishing
Page : 916 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9781438128597

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Encyclopedia of Earth and Space Science by Timothy M. Kusky,Katherine E. Cullen Pdf

Provides a comprehensive reference for Earth and space sciences, including entries on climate change, stellar evolution, tsunamis, renewable energy options, and mass wasting.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 4896 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2019-08-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444639523

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Encyclopedia of Environmental Health by Anonim Pdf

Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, Second Edition, Six Volume Set presents the newest release in this fundamental reference that updates and broadens the umbrella of environmental health, especially social and environmental health for its readers. There is ongoing revolution in governance, policies and intervention strategies aimed at evolving changes in health disparities, disease burden, trans-boundary transport and health hazards. This new edition reflects these realities, mapping new directions in the field that include how to minimize threats and develop new scientific paradigms that address emerging local, national and global environmental concerns. Represents a one-stop resource for scientifically reliable information on environmental health Fills a critical gap, with information on one of the most rapidly growing scientific fields of our time Provides comparative approaches to environmental health practice and research in different countries and regions of the world Covers issues behind specific questions and describes the best available scientific methods for environmental risk assessment

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Springer
Page : 10398 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2009-06-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 0387758887

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Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science by Anonim Pdf

This encyclopedia provides an authoritative single source for understanding and applying the concepts of complexity theory together with the tools and measures for analyzing complex systems in all fields of science and engineering. It links fundamental concepts of mathematics and computational sciences to applications in the physical sciences, engineering, biomedicine, economics and the social sciences.

Author : Nikita Glazovsky,Nina Zaitseva
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2009-09-16
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781848262928

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ENVIRONMENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: EARTH SYSTEM by Nikita Glazovsky,Nina Zaitseva Pdf

Environmental Structure And Function: Earth System is a component of Encyclopedia of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. This volume contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, applications and extensive illustrations. It carries state-of-the-art knowledge in the fields of Environmental Structure and Function: Earth Systems and is aimed, by virtue of the several applications, at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs.

Author : Vaclav Cilek
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2009-07-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781848261051

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Earth System: History and Natural Variability - Volume II by Vaclav Cilek Pdf

Earth System: History and Natural Variability theme is a component of Encyclopedia of Natural Resources Policy and Management, in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Earth System: History and Natural Variability with contributions from distinguished experts in the field, presents a description of the cosmic environment around our planet influencing the Earth in a number of ways through variation of solar energy or meteorite impacts. The structure of the Earth and its rocks, waters and atmosphere is described. The Theme focuses on geological and evolutionary processes through the history of Earth's epochs and biomes since the Early Earth to the Quaternary. The unifying processes between the Earth's life and its rocks, waters and atmosphere are global natural cycles of carbon, sulfur and other elements that connect and influence the rate of geological processes, climate change, biological evolution and human economy. These five volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.

Author : Sarah E. Cornell,I. Colin Prentice,Joanna I. House,Catherine J. Downy
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 609 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2012-08-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139560542

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Understanding the Earth System by Sarah E. Cornell,I. Colin Prentice,Joanna I. House,Catherine J. Downy Pdf

Explaining the what, the how and the why of climate science, this multidisciplinary new book provides a review of research from the last decade, illustrated with cutting-edge data and observations. A key focus is the development of analysis tools that can be used to demonstrate options for mitigating and adapting to increasing climate risks. Emphasis is given to the importance of Earth system feedback mechanisms and the role of the biosphere. The book explains advances in modelling, process understanding and observations, and the development of consistent and coherent studies of past, present and 'possible' climates. This highly illustrated, data-rich book is written by leading scientists involved in QUEST, a major UK-led research programme. It forms a concise and up-to-date reference for academic researchers or students in the fields of climatology, Earth system science and ecology, and also a vital resource for professionals and policymakers working on any aspect of global change.

Author : Gerald R. North,John A. Pyle,Fuqing Zhang
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 2874 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2014-09-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780123822260

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Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences by Gerald R. North,John A. Pyle,Fuqing Zhang Pdf

Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Second Edition, Six Volume Set is an authoritative resource covering all aspects of atmospheric sciences, including both theory and applications. With more than 320 articles and 1,600 figures and photographs, this revised version of the award-winning first edition offers comprehensive coverage of this important field. The six volumes in this set contain broad-ranging articles on topics such as atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layers, clouds, general circulation, global change, mesoscale meteorology, ozone, radar, satellite remote sensing, and weather prediction. The Encyclopedia is an ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences. It is written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with the latest information in the field. Covers all aspects of atmospheric sciences—including both theory and applications Presents more than 320 articles and more than 1,600 figures and photographs Broad-ranging articles include topics such as atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layers, clouds, general circulation, global change, mesoscale meteorology, ozone, radar, satellite remote sensing, and weather prediction An ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences

Author : Rik Leemans
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461457558

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Ecological Systems by Rik Leemans Pdf

Earth is home to an estimated 8 million animal species, 600,000 fungi, 300,000 plants, and an undetermined number of microbial species. Of these animal, fungal, and plant species, an estimated 75% have yet to be identified. Moreover, the interactions between these species and their physical environment are known to an even lesser degree. At the same time, the earth’s biota faces the prospect of climate change, which may manifest slowly or extremely rapidly, as well as a human population set to grow by two billion by 2045 from the current seven billion. Given these major ecological changes, we cannot wait for a complete biota data set before assessing, planning, and acting to preserve the ecological balance of the earth. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the scientific and engineering basis of the systems ecology of the earth in 15 detailed, peer-reviewed entries written for a broad audience of undergraduate and graduate students as well as practicing professionals in government, academia, and industry. The methodology presented aims at identifying key interactions and environmental effects, and enabling a systems-level understanding even with our present state of factual knowledge.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 5634 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780081029091

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Encyclopedia of Geology by Anonim Pdf

Encyclopedia of Geology, Second Edition presents in six volumes state-of-the-art reviews on the various aspects of geologic research, all of which have moved on considerably since the writing of the first edition. New areas of discussion include extinctions, origins of life, plate tectonics and its influence on faunal provinces, new types of mineral and hydrocarbon deposits, new methods of dating rocks, and geological processes. Users will find this to be a fundamental resource for teachers and students of geology, as well as researchers and non-geology professionals seeking up-to-date reviews of geologic research. Provides a comprehensive and accessible one-stop shop for information on the subject of geology, explaining methodologies and technical jargon used in the field Highlights connections between geology and other physical and biological sciences, tackling research problems that span multiple fields Fills a critical gap of information in a field that has seen significant progress in past years Presents an ideal reference for a wide range of scientists in earth and environmental areas of study