Ending The War Metaphor

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Ending the War Metaphor

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2006-07-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309096010

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Ending the War Metaphor by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Pdf

Infectious diseases have existed longer than us, as long as us, or are relatively newer than us. It may be the case that a disease has existed for many, many years but has only recently begun affecting humans. At the turn of the century the number of deaths caused by infections in the United States had been falling steadily but since the '80s has seen an increase. In the past 30 years alone 37 new pathogens have been identified as human disease threats and 12% of known human pathogens have been classified as either emerging or remerging. Whatever the story, there is currently a "war" on infectious diseases. This war is simply the systematic search for the microbial "cause" of each disease, followed by the development of antimicrobial therapies. The "war" on infectious diseases, however, must be revisited in order to develop a more realistic and detailed picture of the dynamic interactions among and between host organisms and their diverse populations of microbes. Only a fraction of these microbes are pathogens. Thus, in order to explore the crafting of a new metaphor for host-microbe relationships, and to consider how such a new perspective might inform and prioritize biomedical research, the Forum on Microbial Threats of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened the workshop, Ending the War Metaphor: The Changing Agenda for Unraveling the Host-Microbe Relationship on March 16-17, 2005. Workshop participants examined knowledge and approaches to learning about the bacterial inhabitants of the human gut, the best known host-microbe system, as well as findings from studies of microbial communities associated with other mammals, fish, plants, soil, and insects. The perspective adopted by this workshop is one that recognizes the breadth and diversity of host-microbe relationships beyond those relative few that result in overt disease. Included in this summary are the reports and papers of individuals participating in the Forum as well as the views of the editors.

Ending the War Metaphor

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2006-06-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309180122

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Ending the War Metaphor by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Pdf

Infectious diseases have existed longer than us, as long as us, or are relatively newer than us. It may be the case that a disease has existed for many, many years but has only recently begun affecting humans. At the turn of the century the number of deaths caused by infections in the United States had been falling steadily but since the '80s has seen an increase. In the past 30 years alone 37 new pathogens have been identified as human disease threats and 12% of known human pathogens have been classified as either emerging or remerging. Whatever the story, there is currently a "war" on infectious diseases. This war is simply the systematic search for the microbial "cause" of each disease, followed by the development of antimicrobial therapies. The "war" on infectious diseases, however, must be revisited in order to develop a more realistic and detailed picture of the dynamic interactions among and between host organisms and their diverse populations of microbes. Only a fraction of these microbes are pathogens. Thus, in order to explore the crafting of a new metaphor for host-microbe relationships, and to consider how such a new perspective might inform and prioritize biomedical research, the Forum on Microbial Threats of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened the workshop, Ending the War Metaphor: The Changing Agenda for Unraveling the Host-Microbe Relationship on March 16-17, 2005. Workshop participants examined knowledge and approaches to learning about the bacterial inhabitants of the human gut, the best known host-microbe system, as well as findings from studies of microbial communities associated with other mammals, fish, plants, soil, and insects. The perspective adopted by this workshop is one that recognizes the breadth and diversity of host-microbe relationships beyond those relative few that result in overt disease. Included in this summary are the reports and papers of individuals participating in the Forum as well as the views of the editors.

Metaphor, Cancer and the End of Life

Author : Elena Semino,Zsófia Demjén,Andrew Hardie,Sheila Payne,Paul Rayson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2017-11-28
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781317245216

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Metaphor, Cancer and the End of Life by Elena Semino,Zsófia Demjén,Andrew Hardie,Sheila Payne,Paul Rayson Pdf

This book presents the methodology, findings and implications of a large-scale corpus-based study of the metaphors used to talk about cancer and the end of life (including care at the end of life) in the UK. It focuses on metaphor as a central linguistic and cognitive tool that is frequently used to talk and think about sensitive and subjective experiences, such as illness, emotions, death, and dying, and that can both help and hinder communication and well-being, depending on how it is used. The book centers on a combination of qualitative analyses and innovative corpus linguistic methods. This methodological assemblage was applied to the systematic study of the metaphors used in a 1.5-million-word corpus. The corpus consists of interviews with, and online forum posts written by, members of three stakeholder groups, namely: patients diagnosed with advanced cancer; unpaid carers looking after a relative with a diagnosis of advanced cancer; and healthcare professionals. The book presents a range of qualitative and quantitative findings that have implications for: metaphor theory and analysis; corpus linguistic and computational approaches to metaphor; and training and practice in cancer care and hospice, palliative and end-of-life care.

Metaphor and Gender in Business Media Discourse

Author : V. Koller
Publisher : Springer
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2004-05-25
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780230511286

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Metaphor and Gender in Business Media Discourse by V. Koller Pdf

This new study reconciles cognitive metaphor theory with Critical Discourse Analysis to offer a fresh approach to the study of metaphor. In applying this framework to a substantial corpus of texts from business magazines, the author shows how metaphors of war, sports and evolutionary struggle are used to construct business as a masculinized social domain. In view of the subtle but pervasive socio-cognitive impact of these metaphors, the study raises the question of possible alternatives and the scope for change in business media discourse.

Dirty Politics

Author : Kathleen Hall Jamieson
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0195085531

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Dirty Politics by Kathleen Hall Jamieson Pdf

In recent years, Americans have become thoroughly disenchanted with political campaigns, especially with ads and speeches that bombard them with sensational images while avoiding significant issues. Now campaign analyst Kathleen Hall Jamieson provides an eye-opening look at the tactics used by political advertisers. Photos and line drawings.

Argument is War: Relevance-Theoretic Comprehension of the Conceptual Metaphor of War in the Apocalypse

Author : Clifford Winters
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-25
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9789004435773

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Argument is War: Relevance-Theoretic Comprehension of the Conceptual Metaphor of War in the Apocalypse by Clifford Winters Pdf

In Revelation’s history, scholars have always assumed God’s violence was judgment. In Argument is War, however, Clifford T. Winters demonstrates that the “war” is using a conceptual metaphor to envision the restoration of Israel and, through them, the whole world.

Ethics Beyond War's End

Author : Eric Patterson
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2012-03-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781589018976

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Ethics Beyond War's End by Eric Patterson Pdf

The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have focused new attention on a perennial problem: how to end wars well. What ethical considerations should guide war’s settlement and its aftermath? In cases of protracted conflicts, recurring war, failed or failing states, or genocide and war crimes, is there a framework for establishing an enduring peace that is pragmatic and moral? Ethics Beyond War’s End provides answers to these questions from the just war tradition. Just war thinking engages the difficult decisions of going to war and how war is fought. But from this point forward just war theory must also take into account what happens after war ends, and the critical issues that follow: establishing an enduring order, employing political forms of justice, and cultivating collective forms of conciliation. Top thinkers in the field—including Michael Walzer, Jean Bethke Elshtain, James Turner Johnson, and Brian Orend—offer powerful contributions to our understanding of the vital issues associated with late- and post conflict in tough, real-world scenarios that range from the US Civil War to contemporary quagmires in Afghanistan, the Middle East, and the Congo.

Challenges to Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance Economic and Policy Responses

Author : OECD,World Health Organization
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2020-04-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781108864121

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Challenges to Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance Economic and Policy Responses by OECD,World Health Organization Pdf

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a biological mechanism whereby a microorganism evolves over time to develop the ability to become resistant to antimicrobial therapies such as antibiotics. The drivers of and potential solutions to AMR are complex, often spanning multiple sectors. The internationally recognized response to AMR advocates for a ‘One Health’ approach, which requires policies to be developed and implemented across human, animal, and environmental health.

At War with Metaphor

Author : Erin Steuter,Deborah Wills
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0739121995

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At War with Metaphor by Erin Steuter,Deborah Wills Pdf

When photographs documenting the torture and humiliation of prisoners at Abu Ghraib came to the attention of a horrified public, national and international voices were raised in shock, asking how this happened. At War with Metaphor offers an answer, arguing that the abuses of Abu Ghraib were part of a systemic continuum of dehumanization. This continuum has its roots in our public discussions of the war on terror and the metaphors through which they are repeatedly framed. Arguing earnestly and incisively that these metaphors, if left unexamined, bind us into a cycle of violence that will only be intensified by a responsive violence of metaphor, Steuter and Wills examine compelling examples of the images of animal, insect, and disease that inform, shape, and limit our understanding of the war on terror. Tying these images to historical and contemporary uses of propaganda through a readable, accessible analysis of media filters, At War with Metaphor vividly explores how news media, including political cartoons and talk radio, are enmeshed in these damaging, dehumanizing metaphors. Analyzing media through the lenses of race and Orientalism, it invites us to hold our media and ourselves accountable for the choices we make in talking war and making enemies.

Confronting Metaphor in Use

Author : Mara Sophia Zanotto,Lynne Cameron,Marilda do Couto Cavalcanti
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9027254176

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Confronting Metaphor in Use by Mara Sophia Zanotto,Lynne Cameron,Marilda do Couto Cavalcanti Pdf

It is timely for researchers to approach metaphor as social and situated, as a matter of language and discourse, and not just as a matter of thought. Over the last twenty five years, scholars have come to appreciate in depth the cognitive, motivated and embodied nature of metaphor, but have tended to background the linguistic form of metaphor and have largely ignored how this connects to its role in the discourses in which our lives are constructed and lived. This book brings language and social dimensions into the picture, offering snapshots of metaphor use in real language and in real lives across the very different cultures of Europe and Brazil and contributing to the theorizing of metaphor in discourse.

The Weapons State

Author : David Mutimer
Publisher : Lynne Rienner Publishers
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : History
ISBN : 1555877877

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The Weapons State by David Mutimer Pdf

The proliferation of all kinds of weapons is a focal point for international security. This work shows how both the language used to talk about weapons proliferation and the practices adopted to respond to it serve to define the problem in ways that promote policy responses doomed to failure.

Metaphor Wars

Author : Raymond W. Gibbs
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2017-05-04
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781107071148

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Metaphor Wars by Raymond W. Gibbs Pdf

The study of metaphor is now firmly established as a central topic within cognitive science and the humanities. This book explores the critical role that conceptual metaphors play in language, thought, cultural and expressive actions. It evaluates the arguments and evidence for and against conceptual metaphors across academic disciplines.

The Things They Carried

Author : Tim O'Brien
Publisher : HarperCollins
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2009-10-13
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 9780547420295

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The Things They Carried by Tim O'Brien Pdf

Look for O’Brien’s new book, American Fantastica, on sale October 24th A classic work of American literature that has not stopped changing minds and lives since it burst onto the literary scene, The Things They Carried is a ground-breaking meditation on war, memory, imagination, and the redemptive power of storytelling. The Things They Carried depicts the men of Alpha Company: Jimmy Cross, Henry Dobbins, Rat Kiley, Mitchell Sanders, Norman Bowker, Kiowa, and the character Tim O’Brien, who has survived his tour in Vietnam to become a father and writer at the age of forty-three. Taught everywhere—from high school classrooms to graduate seminars in creative writing—it has become required reading for any American and continues to challenge readers in their perceptions of fact and fiction, war and peace, courage and fear and longing. The Things They Carried won France's prestigious Prix du Meilleur Livre Etranger and the Chicago Tribune Heartland Prize; it was also a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Critics Circle Award.

Metaphors in International Relations Theory

Author : M. Marks
Publisher : Springer
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2011-08-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780230339187

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Metaphors in International Relations Theory by M. Marks Pdf

Metaphors constitute a fundamental way in which humans understand the world around them. This book offers a comprehensive analysis of metaphors in theories of international relations. Until recently, conscious attention to metaphors in theories of international relations has been haphazard and sporadic. This book examines the metaphors that inform the major paradigms in international relations theory. Readers will discover that the vast majority of the terminology cataloguing, defining, and naming theories, concepts, and analytical tools pertaining to the study of international relations are metaphorical in nature. The book concludes that metaphors are an essential element in all aspects of international relations theory.

In the Shadow of War

Author : Michael S. Sherry
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 628 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1995-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0300072635

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In the Shadow of War by Michael S. Sherry Pdf

Prize-winning historian Michael S. Sherry shows how war has defined modern America and argues that militarization has reshaped every facet of American life--its politics, economics, culture, social relations, and place in the world. 17 illustrations.