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Energy and Mass in Relativity Theory by Lev Borisovi? Oku? Pdf
This is the first book in which Einstein's equation is explicitly compared with its popular though not correct counterpart E = mc2, according to which mass increases with velocity. The book will be of interest to researchers in theoretical, atomic and nuclear physics, to historians of science as well as to students and teachers interested in relativity theory.
University Physics by Samuel J. Ling,Jeff Sanny,William Moebs Pdf
"University Physics is a three-volume collection that meets the scope and sequence requirements for two- and three-semester calculus-based physics courses. Volume 1 covers mechanics, sound, oscillations, and waves. This textbook emphasizes connections between theory and application, making physics concepts interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical rigor inherent in the subject. Frequent, strong examples focus on how to approach a problem, how to work with the equations, and how to check and generalize the result."--Open Textbook Library.
The Energy Balance of Relativity by Zoltan J Kiss Pdf
Zoltan J Kiss re-examines Einstein's ground-breaking work on relativity. He uncovers and resolves the significant inconsistencies which he demonstrates impose unnecessary limitations on the full flowering of the theories of relativity. The book states that the real reciprocal character is missing from the existing concept of relativity, therefore the time formula in the Special Theory is inadequate. The book also proves that there is a misunderstanding and misinterpretation on the transformation of space coordinates in the Special Theory. The energy balance approach introduced by the book shows that the collision of electromagnetic waves with inert bodies or systems of reference in acceleration in a space without gravitational field results in similar effect as Einstein a priori attributed to Gravitation. The findings of the book are questioning the foundation of the General Theory and state the Euclidean geometry still holds good, but the approach must be changed. The book offers the correct formula for the time relations of systems of reference in relative motion, characterises the unity of the mass-energy balance, defines new categories of intensity of events and event concentration, describes the motion with v=lim c, the acceleration for infinite time, extends the meaning of Doppler's formula, investigates the blue and red shift of electromagnetic waves and gives the premium formula of the blue and red shift sequence for use. His energy balance approach brings Kiss to a revolutionary new definition of Gravitation, a definition which offers the world a new source of energy.
Special Relativity, Tensors, And Energy Tensor: With Worked Problems by Somnath Datta Pdf
This book takes the reader from the preliminary ideas of the Special Theory of Relativity (STR) to the doorsteps of the General Theory of Relativity (GTR).The first part explains the main concepts in a layman's language, including STR, the Lorentz transformation, relativistic mechanics. Thereafter the concept of tensors is built up in detail, especially Maxwell's stress tensor with illustrative examples, culminating in the energy-momentum conservation in electromagnetic fields. Mathematical structure of Minkowski's space-time is constructed and explained graphically. The equation of motion is formulated and then illustrated by the example of relativistic rocket. The principle of covariance is explained with the covariant equations of classical electrodynamics. Finally, the book constructs the energy tensor which constitutes the source term in Einstein's field equation, which clears the passage to the GTR.In the book, the concepts of tensors are developed carefully and a large number of numerical examples taken from atomic and nuclear physics. The graphs of important equations are included. This is suitable for studies in classical electrodynamics, modern physics, and relativity.
Energy and Mass in Relativity Theory by Lev Borisovich Okun Pdf
Energy and Mass in Relativity Theory presents about 30 pedagogical papers published by the author over the last 20 years. They deal with concepts central to relativity theory: energy E, rest energy E0, momentum p, mass m, velocity v of particles of matter, including massless photons for which v = c. Other related subjects are also discussed. According to Einstein's equation E0 = mc2, a massive particle at rest contains rest energy which is partly liberated in the nuclear reactions in the stars and the Sun, as well as in nuclear reactors and bombs on the Earth. The mass entering Einstein's equation does not depend on velocity of a body. This concept of mass is used in the physics of elementary particles and is gradually prevailing in the modern physics textbooks. This is the first book in which Einstein's equation is explicitly compared with its popular though not correct counterpart E = mc2, according to which mass increases with velocity. The book will be of interest to researchers in theoretical, atomic and nuclear physics, to historians of science as well as to students and teachers interested in relativity theory.
Time's 'Man of the Century', Albert Einstein is the unquestioned founder of modern physics. His theory of relativity is the most important scientific idea of the modern era. In this short book Einstein explains, using the minimum of mathematical terms, the basic ideas and principles of the theory which has shaped the world we live in today. Unsurpassed by any subsequent books on relativity, this remains the most popular and useful exposition of Einstein's immense contribution to human knowledge.
Einstein's Mass-Energy Equation by Francisco Fernflores Pdf
In volume one of Einstein's Mass-Energy Equation, we examine the history and philosophical significance of several demonstrations Einstein published for his mass-energy relation, which is often expressed by the iconic equation E = mc2. Our goal is to illustrate how these demonstrations display a clear shift away from a reliance on electromagnetic phenomena culminating in Einstein's 1934 purely ÒdynamicÓ demonstration. Philosophically, this trend signals the importance of recognizing special relativity as what Einstein called a Òprinciple theory.Ó Volume two of this work examines the role that Einstein's mass-energy relation played in the development of quantum mechanics and general relativity. We also discuss the first empirical confirmation of E = mc2 and some contemporary debates concerning the philosophical interpretation of this important result.
Mass and Motion in General Relativity by Luc Blanchet,Alessandro Spallicci,Bernard Whiting Pdf
From the infinitesimal scale of particle physics to the cosmic scale of the universe, research is concerned with the nature of mass. While there have been spectacular advances in physics during the past century, mass still remains a mysterious entity at the forefront of current research. Our current perspective on gravitation has arisen over millennia, through the contemplation of falling apples, lift thought experiments and notions of stars spiraling into black holes. In this volume, the world’s leading scientists offer a multifaceted approach to mass by giving a concise and introductory presentation based on insights from their respective fields of research on gravity. The main theme is mass and its motion within general relativity and other theories of gravity, particularly for compact bodies. Within this framework, all articles are tied together coherently, covering post-Newtonian and related methods as well as the self-force approach to the analysis of motion in curved space-time, closing with an overview of the historical development and a snapshot on the actual state of the art. All contributions reflect the fundamental role of mass in physics, from issues related to Newton’s laws, to the effect of self-force and radiation reaction within theories of gravitation, to the role of the Higgs boson in modern physics. High-precision measurements are described in detail, modified theories of gravity reproducing experimental data are investigated as alternatives to dark matter, and the fundamental problem of reconciling any theory of gravity with the physics of quantum fields is addressed. Auxiliary chapters set the framework for theoretical contributions within the broader context of experimental physics. The book is based upon the lectures of the CNRS School on Mass held in Orléans, France, in June 2008. All contributions have been anonymously refereed and, with the cooperation of the authors, revised by the editors to ensure overall consistency.
This book provides a thorough discussion of the concepts and main consequences of special relativity. Treated in detail are the Lorentz transformations, their kinematical consequences (the so-called paradoxes), relativistic mechanics, electrodynamics as an example of a relativistic field theory, and the principal features of relativistic hydrodynamics. The book offers a logical development of special relativity from Einstein's principle of relativity alone; arrives at the essential statements of the theory by a direct approach — this emphasis is different from that of most books; and offers a concise introduction to tensor calculus as needed in special relativity. A selection of problems and documentation of the experimental tests of special relativity are given.
Relativity - The Special and General Theory by Albert Einstein Pdf
Relativity: The Special and the General Theory began as a short paper and was eventually published as a book written by Albert Einstein with the aim of giving: . . . an exact insight into the theory of relativity to those readers who, from a general scientific and philosophical point of view, are interested in the theory, but who are not conversant with the mathematical apparatus of theoretical physics
The New Applications of the Special Theory of Relativity by Tadeusz Pastuszek Pdf
The law of physics, or rather the principle of minimum potential energy, has been known to humanity for a long time. However, for a long time it was not known what potential energy really was and where it was stored. It was only when Einstein formulated the special theory of relativity, in which he demonstrated the equivalence of mass and energy expressed by the famous formula E=mc2, that the answer became clear: potential energy is rest mass. If an object is stationary but still possesses energy, it must be potential energy. When we lift an object from the ground, we increase its mass. When we drop it, the mass (potential energy) is converted into kinetic energy according to the principle of minimum potential energy. The loss of mass in such a fall is practically immeasurable. Similarly, during chemical reactions with the release of heat, the loss of rest mass is minimal. However, in nuclear reactions, the amount of rest mass (potential energy) converted into heat is clearly noticeable.
Concepts of Mass in Classical and Modern Physics by Max Jammer Pdf
Rigorous, concise, and provocative monograph analyzes the ancient concept of mass, the neoplatonic concept of inertia, the modern concept of mass, mass and energy, and much more. 1964 edition.