Enteric Glia

Author : Brian D. Gulbransen
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2014-07-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615046614

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Enteric Glia by Brian D. Gulbransen Pdf

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography

Author : John Barton Furness,Marcello Costa
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015012463215

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The Enteric Nervous System by John Barton Furness,Marcello Costa Pdf

Author : Ryan B. MacDonald,Stefanie Robel,Nathan Anthony Smith,Tim Czopka
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 533 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2023-04-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832520406

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Molecular Mechanisms of Glia in Development and Disease by Ryan B. MacDonald,Stefanie Robel,Nathan Anthony Smith,Tim Czopka Pdf

Author : Alexei Verkhratsky,Arthur Butt
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 732 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2023-05-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128215661

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Neuroglia: Function and Pathology by Alexei Verkhratsky,Arthur Butt Pdf

Diverse specialised neuroglial cells guarantee the development, preservation, and health of the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the special senses. In the central nervous system, it is the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia that safeguard nerve cell function and integrity that controls all behaviours and encompasses the cerebral cortex of the brain which is the root of humanity. In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells play the leading role, together with satellite glial cells of the sensory and autonomic ganglia, ensuring correct communication between the organs and tissues with the brain and the spinal cord. In the enteric nervous system, specialised enteric glial cells maintain all aspects of gastrointestinal function. Then there are distinctive glial cells of the special senses that ensure how the body perceives and reacts to its environment. In pathology, neuroglia strive to protect the diverse cellular components of the nervous system and are responsible for a proactive programme of posttraumatic restructuring that is aimed at recovery of life-sustaining function. Neuroglia: Function and Pathology provides a highly original and comprehensive account of the physiology and pathophysiology of glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The first part of the book provides a far-reaching description of glial cell form and function, from their evolution in invertebrates to their complexity in humans, encompassing the developmental origin of the varied glial cell types and their diversity of morphology, molecular biology and cellular physiology. The second part of the book is devoted to an all-embracing evaluation of glial cell pathophysiology, commencing with definitive explanations of the fundamental pathologies of the main glial cell types, and ending in a systematic examination of glial contributions to specific neurological diseases. This book emphasises the central roles played by the different classes of neuroglial cells in the progression and outcome of neurological disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems and highlights potential of glial cells as therapeutic targets. The book contains more than 2500 key references from over 150 years of glial research and is superbly illustrated with over 350 original and explanatory full colour figures that describe the diverse characteristics and properties of glial cells in health and disease. Under the same cover, this book combines an authoritative reference book for research and clinical neuroscientists and at the same time serves as an instructive textbook for students of neuroscience, from undergraduates to postgraduates. Single volume covering key aspects of glial cell physiology and pathology In depth overview of the history of glial cell research Comprehensive review of glial cell physiology and pathology Authoritative special chapters on the major neurological diseases Full colour throughout, with 360 illustrations

Author : Tania Spohr
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2020-05-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781789852530

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Glia in Health and Disease by Tania Spohr Pdf

The book will highlight the role played by glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems in both healthy and unhealthy individuals. Among all processes involved, we will discuss the importance of the enteric nervous system in the control of gut homeostasis, in the interaction with the immune system, and its participation in pathological conditions such as metabolic syndrome. We will also look at the relevance of astrocytes during synaptic transmission and the regulation of plasticity by releasing gliotransmitters. Ultimately, we will highlight the influence of astrocytes during the development of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease, focusing on how the serum levels of the astrocytic protein S100B can be used as a biomarker for clinical decisions.

Author : Jon H Kaas
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 964 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2020-05-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128206065

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Evolutionary Neuroscience by Jon H Kaas Pdf

Evolutionary Neuroscience, Second Edition, is a collection of chapters on brain evolution that combines selected topics from the recent comprehensive reference, Evolution of Nervous Systems (Elsevier, Academic Press, 2017, 9780128040423). The selected chapters cover a broad range of topics, from historical theory, to the most recent deductions from comparative studies of brains. The articles are organized in sections focused on history, concepts and theory, the evolution of brains from early vertebrates to present-day fishes, amphibians, reptiles and birds, the evolution of mammalian brains, and the evolution of primate brains, including human brains. Each chapter is written by a leader or leaders in the field. Specific topics include brain character reconstruction, principles of brain scaling, basic features of vertebrate brains, the evolution of the major sensory systems, other parts of brains, what we can learn from fossils, the origin of neocortex, and the evolution of specializations of human brains. The collection of articles will be interesting to anyone who is curious about how brains evolved from the simpler nervous systems of the first vertebrates into the many different complex forms now found in present-day vertebrates. Provides the most comprehensive, authoritative and up-to-date single volume collection on brain evolution Presents a full color treatment, with many illustrations Written by leading scholars and experts Features chapters on brain character reconstruction, principles of brain scaling, basic features of vertebrate brains, the evolution of the major sensory systems, and other parts of brains Discusses what we can learn from fossils, the origin of neocortex, and the evolution of specializations of human brains

Author : Vladimir Parpura,Alexei Verkhratsky
Publisher : Springer
Page : 541 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2014-09-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781493909742

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Pathological Potential of Neuroglia by Vladimir Parpura,Alexei Verkhratsky Pdf

Pathophysiological states, neurological and psychiatric diseases are almost universally considered from the neurocentric point of view, with neurons being the principal cellular element of pathological process. The brain homeostasis, which lies at the fulcrum of healthy brain function, the compromise of which invariably results in dysfunction/disease, however, is entirely controlled by neuroglia. It is becoming clear that neuroglial cells are involved in various aspects of initiation, progression and resolution of neuropathology. In this book we aim to integrate the body of information that has accumulated in recent years revealing the active role of glia in such pathophysiological processes. Understanding roles of glial cells in pathology will provide new targets for medical intervention and aide the development of much needed therapeutics. This book will be particularly useful for researchers, students, physicians and psychotherapists working in the field of neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry.

Author : Alexei Verkhratsky,Arthur Butt
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 473 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2013-01-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781118402054

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Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology by Alexei Verkhratsky,Arthur Butt Pdf

Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology provides a comprehensive, advanced text on the biology and pathology of glial cells. Coverae includes: the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous systems the cellular physiology of the different kinds of glial cells the mechanisms of intra- and inter-cellular signalling in glial networks the mechanisms of glial-neuronal communications the role of glial cells in synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival and development of nervous system the cellular and molecular mechanisms of metabolic neuronal-glial interactions the role of glia in nervous system pathology, including pathology of glial cells and associated diseases - for example, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Alexander disease and Parkinson's Neuroglia oversee the birth and development of neurones, the establishment of interneuronal connections (the 'connectome'), the maintenance and removal of these inter-neuronal connections, writing of the nervous system components, adult neurogenesis, the energetics of nervous tissue, metabolism of neurotransmitters, regulation of ion composition of the interstitial space and many, many more homeostatic functions. This book primes the reader towards the notion that nervous tissue is not divided into more important and less important cells. The nervous tissue functions because of the coherent and concerted action of many different cell types, each contributing to an ultimate output. This reaches its zenith in humans, with the creation of thoughts, underlying acquisition of knowledge, its analysis and synthesis, and contemplating the Universe and our place in it. An up-to-date and fully referenced text on the most numerous cells in the human brain Detailed coverage of the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous system Describes the role og glial cells in neuropathology Focus boxes highlight key points and summarise important facts Companion website with downloadable figures and slides

Author : Georg F. Striedter,Theodore H. Bullock,Todd M. Preuss,John Rubenstein,Leah A. Krubitzer
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 2064 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2016-11-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128040966

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Evolution of Nervous Systems by Georg F. Striedter,Theodore H. Bullock,Todd M. Preuss,John Rubenstein,Leah A. Krubitzer Pdf

Evolution of Nervous Systems, Second Edition, Four Volume Set is a unique, major reference which offers the gold standard for those interested both in evolution and nervous systems. All biology only makes sense when seen in the light of evolution, and this is especially true for the nervous system. All animals have nervous systems that mediate their behaviors, many of them species specific, yet these nervous systems all evolved from the simple nervous system of a common ancestor. To understand these nervous systems, we need to know how they vary and how this variation emerged in evolution. In the first edition of this important reference work, over 100 distinguished neuroscientists assembled the current state-of-the-art knowledge on how nervous systems have evolved throughout the animal kingdom. This second edition remains rich in detail and broad in scope, outlining the changes in brain and nervous system organization that occurred from the first invertebrates and vertebrates, to present day fishes, reptiles, birds, mammals, and especially primates, including humans. The book also includes wholly new content, fully updating the chapters in the previous edition and offering brand new content on current developments in the field. Each of the volumes has been carefully restructured to offer expanded coverage of non-mammalian taxa, mammals, primates, and the human nervous system. The basic principles of brain evolution are discussed, as are mechanisms of change. The reader can select from chapters on highly specific topics or those that provide an overview of current thinking and approaches, making this an indispensable work for students and researchers alike. Presents a broad range of topics, ranging from genetic control of development in invertebrates, to human cognition, offering a one-stop resource for the evolution of nervous systems throughout the animal kingdom Incorporates the expertise of over 100 outstanding investigators who provide their conclusions in the context of the latest experimental results Presents areas of disagreement and consensus views that provide a holistic view of the subjects under discussion

Author : Robert A. Meyers
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 837 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2019-04-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527685912

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Frontiers in Developmental Biology by Robert A. Meyers Pdf

Dieser aktuelle Band aus der renommierten enzyklopädischen Reihe ist der erste in vielen Jahren, der alle wichtigen Aspekte der Entwicklungsbiologie vereint, von der Morphogenese und Organogenese, über die epigenetische Regulation der Genexpression bis hin zur evolutionären Entwicklungsbiologie. Der Herausgeber hat ein herausragendes Team zusammengestellt, das diese Themen beleuchtet, und damit ein wegweisendes Werk für die kommenden Jahre geschaffen. Das Ergebnis ist ein einzigartiges, herausragendes Referenzwerk der Entwicklungsbiologie für Forscher, Studenten und Fachexperten.

Author : Casper René Gøtzsche,David Woldbye,Merab Kokaia,Andreas Toft Sørensen,Marco Ledri
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2021-12-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889718528

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Gene Therapy in the CNS – Progress and Prospects for Novel Therapies by Casper René Gøtzsche,David Woldbye,Merab Kokaia,Andreas Toft Sørensen,Marco Ledri Pdf

Author : Fraser James Sim,Annalisa Buffo,Daniel A. Peterson,Christophe Heinrich
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2021-02-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889665105

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Engineering Adult Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis by Fraser James Sim,Annalisa Buffo,Daniel A. Peterson,Christophe Heinrich Pdf

Author : Christophe Faure,Nikhil Thapar,Carlo Di Lorenzo
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 674 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2023-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783031152290

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Pediatric Neurogastroenterology by Christophe Faure,Nikhil Thapar,Carlo Di Lorenzo Pdf

This third edition brings together the latest in research and clinical practice of the expanding field of pediatric neurogastroenterology. In addition to a comprehensive review of the current state of the art, many chapters have been significant revised and updated, covering the latest discoveries of the delicate and detailed mechanisms of the neuroenteric system as well as relationships of the latter with microbiota and metabolites produced by resident intestinal bacteria. The book also covers rapidly-changing techniques to assess clinical problems, along with international diagnostic criteria and recommendations and guidelines for clinical management. The content is supported by ample figures, photographs and selected video segments. Remaining the gold standard text in this up-and-coming field, Pediatric Neurogastroenterology 3e is dedicated to reporting the most accurate and recent knowledge available. Written by international experts in the field, the book is a comprehensive and up-to-date theoretical review and practical guide to pediatric gastrointestinal motility and functional disorders to pediatricians, pediatric gastroenterologists and all professionals involved in the treatment of children with such disorders.

Author : Liqing Zang,Norihiro Nishimura,Vincenzo Torraca,Yasuhito Shimada
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2022-04-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889748327

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Zebrafish Models for Human Disease Studies by Liqing Zang,Norihiro Nishimura,Vincenzo Torraca,Yasuhito Shimada Pdf

Author : Maciej Gajęcki,Magdalena Gajęcka,Łukasz Zielonka
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2021-01-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783039438471

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Mycotoxins Occurence in Feed and Their Influence on Animal Health by Maciej Gajęcki,Magdalena Gajęcka,Łukasz Zielonka Pdf

According to the presented studies, the health condition of animals in rearing and breeding should be regularly monitored. This would allow early detection of delicate deviations in the body of clinically healthy individuals. Unfortunately, regular monitoring of the health of animals in commercial production is not performed. It follows that this type of research should be an introduction to further, more inquisitive steps. This can form the basis for further courses of action, indicating which organs or tissues field doctors or researchers should be interested in and what to pay attention to in order to find the correct answer, concerning the situation in the animal body. In the future, we should determine biomedical markers for use in precision veterinary medicine. In human medicine, this has been practiced with great success. The problem, however, is that we are getting to know more and more substances produced by mold fungi. This causes a build-up of new interpretative problems, causing health conditions (diagnosis), as well as analytical problems. To fully understand the results we need new techniques to assess toxicological and chemical hazards, including those related to undesirable substances. We need a solid knowledge of the biological pathways underlying the toxicity and tolerance to interference factors toxicological processes. We hope that the presented study will allow for a better understanding of mycotoxicoses that bother us and our animals, which will allow for more effective preventive actions.