Epistemic Justification

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Epistemic Justification

William P. Alston
Epistemic Justification Book PDF

Author : William P. Alston
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Justification (Theory of knowledge)
ISBN : 080149544X

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Epistemic Justification by William P. Alston Pdf

Epistemic Justification collects twelve distinguished and influential essays in epistemology by William P. Alston taken from a body of work spanning almost two decades. They represent the gradual development of Alston's thought in epistemology.He concentrates on topics that are central to contemporary epistemology and provides a much-needed and useful map to these issues be explicitly distinguishing and interrelating concepts of justification used in epistemology. More important, he develops and defends his own distinctive epistemic view throughout the volume. Notably, he argues for an account of justification that combines both internalist and externalist features. In addition, he discusses various forms of foundationalism and supports a moderate form. Finally, Alston demonstrates that the epistemic circularity that often plagues our attempts to validate our basic sources of belief does not prevent our showing that they are reliable sources of knowledge.

Epistemic Justification

Richard Swinburne
Epistemic Justification Book PDF

Author : Richard Swinburne
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2001-06-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191529467

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Epistemic Justification by Richard Swinburne Pdf

Richard Swinburne offers an original treatment of a question at the heart of epistemology: what makes a belief a rational one, or one which the believer is justified in holding? He maps the various totally different and purportedly rival accounts that philosophers give of epistemic justification ('internalist' and 'externalist'), and argues that they are really accounts of different concepts. He distinguishes (as most epistemologists do not) between synchronic justification (justification at a time) and diachronic justification (synchronic justification resulting from adequate investigation) — both internalist and externalist. He argus that most kinds of justification are worth having because (for different reasons) indicative of truth. However, it is only justification of intermalist kinds that can guide a believer's actions. Swinburne goes on to show the usefulness of the probability calculus in elucidating how empirical evidence makes beliefs probably true: every proposition has an intrinsic probability (an a priori probability independent of empirical evidence) which may be increased or decreased by empirical evidence. This innovative and challenging book will refresh epistemology and rewrite its agenda.

Justification Without Awareness

Michael Bergmann,Professor of Philosophy Michael Bergmann
Justification Without Awareness Book PDF

Author : Michael Bergmann,Professor of Philosophy Michael Bergmann
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2006-05-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199275748

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Justification Without Awareness by Michael Bergmann,Professor of Philosophy Michael Bergmann Pdf

Michael Bergmann provides a decisive refutation of internalism and a sustained defense of externalism, developing his theory of justification by imposing both a proper function and a no-defeater requirement.

Epistemic Justification

Laurence BonJour,Ernest Sosa
Epistemic Justification Book PDF

Author : Laurence BonJour,Ernest Sosa
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2003-04-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0631182845

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Epistemic Justification by Laurence BonJour,Ernest Sosa Pdf

Ever since Plato it has been thought that one knows only if one's belief hits the mark of truth and does so with adequate justification. The issues debated by Laurence BonJour and Ernest Sosa concern mostly the nature and conditions of such epistemic justification, and its place in our understanding of human knowledge. Presents central issues pertaining to internalism vs. externalism and foundationalism vs. virtue epistemology in the form of a philosophical debate. Introduces students to fundamental questions within epistemology while engaging in contemporary debates. Written by two of today’s foremost epistemologists. Includes an extensive bibliography.

A Theory of Epistemic Justification

J. Leplin
A Theory of Epistemic Justification Book PDF

Author : J. Leplin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2009-02-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781402095672

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A Theory of Epistemic Justification by J. Leplin Pdf

One goal of epistemology is to refute the skeptic. Another, with an equally dist- guished if briefer pedigree, is to make sense of science as a knowledge-acquiring enterprise. The goals are incompatible, in that the latter presupposes that the skeptic is wrong. The incompatibility is not strict. One could have both goals, conditi- ing the latter upon success at the former. In fact, however, epistemologies aimed at the skeptic tend not to get anywhere near science. They’ve got all they can handle guring out how we can know we have hands. I come to epistemology from the philosophy of science, my original interest in which was epistemological. Philosophers of science are concerned with epistemic justi cation, but their question about it is how far it extends. They take justi cation to be unproblematic at the level of ordinary experience; their worries begin with the interpretation of experience as evidence for theory. They are interested in the scope of scienti c knowledge. Having taken a position on this question (1997), - guing that justi cation extends to theoretical hypotheses, I came to wonder about the nature of justi cation generally. This is not a belated discovery of the skeptical problem or a reconsideration of what I took to be unproblematic. It is simply an interest in the possibility of locating epistemic advance in science within a broader understanding of the nature of epistemic justi cation. Now that I know that just- cation extends to theory, I am taking a step back and asking what justi cation is.

Beyond "Justification"

William P. Alston
Beyond Justification Book PDF

Author : William P. Alston
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2018-07-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781501720574

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Beyond "Justification" by William P. Alston Pdf

Much of the writing in Anglo-American epistemology in the twentieth century focused on the conditions for beliefs being "justified." In a book that seeks to shift the ground of debate within theory of knowledge, William P. Alston finds that the century-long search for a correct account of the nature and conditions of epistemic justification misses the point. Alston calls for that search to be suspended and for talk of epistemic justification to cease. He proposes instead an approach to the epistemology of belief that focuses on the evaluation of various "epistemic desiderata" that may be satisfied by beliefs.Alston finds that features of belief that are desirable for the goals of cognition include having an adequate basis, being formed in a reliable way, and coherence within bodies of belief. In Alston's view, a belief's being based on an adequate ground and its being formed in a reliable way, though often treated as competing accounts of justification, are virtually identical. Beyond "Justification" also contains discussions of fundamental questions about the epistemic status of principles and beliefs and appropriate responses to various kinds of skepticism.

Evidentialism and Epistemic Justification

Kevin McCain
Evidentialism and Epistemic Justification Book PDF

Author : Kevin McCain
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2014-05-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134698349

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Evidentialism and Epistemic Justification by Kevin McCain Pdf

Evidentialism is a popular theory of epistemic justification, yet, as early proponents of the theory Earl Conee and Richard Feldman admit, there are many elements that must be developed before Evidentialism can provide a full account of epistemic justification, or well-founded belief. It is the aim of this book to provide the details that are lacking; here McCain moves past Evidentialism as a mere schema by putting forward and defending a full-fledged theory of epistemic justification. In this book McCain offers novel approaches to several elements of well-founded belief. Key among these are an original account of what it takes to have information as evidence, an account of epistemic support in terms of explanation, and a causal account of the basing relation (the relation that one's belief must bear to her evidence in order to be justified) that is far superior to previous accounts. The result is a fully developed Evidentialist account of well-founded belief.

Seemings and Epistemic Justification

Luca Moretti
Seemings and Epistemic Justification Book PDF

Author : Luca Moretti
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 97 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2020-03-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030433925

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Seemings and Epistemic Justification by Luca Moretti Pdf

This book examines phenomenal conservatism, one of the most influential and promising internalist conceptions of non-inferential justification debated in current epistemology and philosophy of mind. It also explores the significance of the findings of this examination for the general debate on epistemic justification. According to phenomenal conservatism, non-inferential justification rests on seemings or appearances, conceived of as experiences provided with propositional content. Phenomenal conservatism states that if it appears to S that P, in the absence of defeaters, S thereby has some justification for believing that P. This view provides the basis for foundationalism and many ordinary epistemic practices. This book sheds new light on phenomenal conservatism by assessing objections to it and examining epistemological merits and advantages attributed to it. In a nutshell, phenomenal conservatism is actually compatible with Bayesian reasoning, and it is unaffected by bootstrapping problems and challenges that appeal to the cognitive penetrability of perception. Nevertheless, appearance-based justification proves unstable or elusive and its anti-septical bite is more limited than expected. These difficulties could be surmounted if phenomenal conservatism were integrated with a theory of inferential justification. The book appeals to scholars and postgraduates in the field of epistemology and philosophy of mind who are interested in the rational roles of appearances.

Justification and Knowledge

G. S. Pappas
Justification and Knowledge Book PDF

Author : G. S. Pappas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400994935

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Justification and Knowledge by G. S. Pappas Pdf

With one exception, all of the papers in this volume were originally presented at a conference held in April, 1978, at The Ohio State University. The excep tion is the paper by Wilfrid Sellars, which is a revised version of a paper he originally published in the Journal of Philosophy, 1973. However, the present version of Sellars' paper is so thoroughly changed from its original, that it is now virtually a new paper. None of the other nine papers has been published previously. The bibliography, prepared by Nancy Kelsik, is very extensive and it is tempting to think that it is complete. But I believe that virtual com pleteness is more likely to prove correct. The conference was made possible by grants from the College of Human ities and the Graduate School, Ohio State University, as well as by a grant from the Philosophy Department. On behalf of the contributors, I want to thank these institutions for their support. I also want to thank Marshall Swain and Robert Turnbu~l for early help and encouragement; Bette Hellinger for assistance in setting up the confer ence; and Mary Raines and Virginia Foster for considerable aid in the pre paration of papers and many other conference matters. The friendly advice of the late James Cornman was also importantly helpful. April,1979 GEORGE S. PAPPAS ix INTRODUCTION The papers in this volume deal in different ways with the related issues of epistemic justification or warrant, and the analysis of factual knowledge.

The Epistemic Role of Consciousness

Declan Smithies
The Epistemic Role of Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Declan Smithies
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2019-08-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199917679

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The Epistemic Role of Consciousness by Declan Smithies Pdf

What is the role of consciousness in our mental lives? Declan Smithies argues here that consciousness is essential to explaining how we can acquire knowledge and justified belief about ourselves and the world around us. On this view, unconscious beings cannot form justified beliefs and so they cannot know anything at all. Consciousness is the ultimate basis of all knowledge and epistemic justification. Smithies builds a sustained argument for the epistemic role of phenomenal consciousness which draws on a range of considerations in epistemology and the philosophy of mind. His position combines two key claims. The first is phenomenal mentalism, which says that epistemic justification is determined by the phenomenally individuated facts about your mental states. The second is accessibilism, which says that epistemic justification is luminously accessible in the sense that you're always in a position to know which beliefs you have epistemic justification to hold. Smithies integrates these two claims into a unified theory of epistemic justification, which he calls phenomenal accessibilism. The book is divided into two parts, which converge on this theory of epistemic justification from opposite directions. Part 1 argues from the bottom up by drawing on considerations in the philosophy of mind about the role of consciousness in mental representation, perception, cognition, and introspection. Part 2 argues from the top down by arguing from general principles in epistemology about the nature of epistemic justification. These mutually reinforcing arguments form the basis for a unified theory of the epistemic role of phenomenal consciousness, one that bridges the gap between epistemology and philosophy of mind.

Restoring the Foundations of Epistemic Justification

Steven L. Porter
Restoring the Foundations of Epistemic Justification Book PDF

Author : Steven L. Porter
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 073911140X

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Restoring the Foundations of Epistemic Justification by Steven L. Porter Pdf

Against various detractors (e.g. Wilfred Sellars, Donald Davidson, etc.), this book develops a foundationalist theory of epistemic justification. In contrast with Laurence BonJour and borrowing from John McDowell, the essential argument is that conceptualized perpetual experience provides a non-doxastic foundation for perceptual beliefs about physical objects.

Justification and the Truth-Connection

Clayton Littlejohn
Justification and the Truth Connection Book PDF

Author : Clayton Littlejohn
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2012-06-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781107016125

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Justification and the Truth-Connection by Clayton Littlejohn Pdf

Presents and defends a bold new approach to the ethics of belief and to resolving the internalism-externalism debate in epistemology.

Epistemic Cognition and Development

David Moshman
Epistemic Cognition and Development Book PDF

Author : David Moshman
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2014-12-05
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134650392

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Epistemic Cognition and Development by David Moshman Pdf

Epistemic cognition, the philosophical core of metacognition, concerns people’s knowledge about the justification and truth of beliefs. Multiple literatures in psychology and education address aspects of epistemic cognition. In the absence of a coherent conceptual framework, however, these literatures mostly fail to communicate with each other and often connect only loosely to genuine epistemology. This complicates any effort to achieve a systematic theoretical understanding of epistemic cognition and its development. Deanna Kuhn writes in her foreword, "Moshman is not the first to take on this challenge, but he fulfills it elegantly and, I think, the most comprehensively and astutely." After reviewing the basics of philosophical epistemology and cognitive psychology, Epistemic Cognition and Development provides a compelling account of developmental change across childhood and beyond in knowledge about knowledge, especially with regard to fundamental conceptions of objectivity, subjectivity, rationality, justification, and truth. This is followed by detailed consideration of domain-specific epistemologies of science, logic, morality, social convention, history, and identity, including associated forms of reasoning. The final section provides theoretical conclusions, educational and social applications, and suggestions for further research.

Justification As Ignorance

Sven Rosenkranz
Justification As Ignorance Book PDF

Author : Sven Rosenkranz
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198865636

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Justification As Ignorance by Sven Rosenkranz Pdf

Justification as Ignorance offers an original account of epistemic justification as both non-factive and luminous, vindicating core internalist intuitions without construing justification as an internal condition knowable by reflection alone. Sven Rosenkranz conceives of justification, in its doxastic and propositional varieties, as a kind of epistemic possibility of knowing and of being in a position to know. His account contrasts with recent alternative views that characterize justification in terms of the metaphysical possibility of knowing. Instead, he develops a suitable non-normal multi-modal epistemic logic for knowledge and being in a position to know that respects the finding that these notions create hyperintensional contexts. He also defends his conception of justification against well-known anti-luminosity arguments, shows that the account allows for fruitful applications and principled solutions to the lottery and preface paradoxes, and provides a metaphysics of justification and its varying degrees of strength that is compatible with core assumptions of the knowledge-first approach and disjunctivist conceptions of mental states.

Knowledge, Truth, and Duty

Matthias Steup
Knowledge Truth and Duty Book PDF

Author : Matthias Steup
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Duty
ISBN : 9780195128925

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Knowledge, Truth, and Duty by Matthias Steup Pdf

This text examines epistemic duty, doxastic voluntarism, the normativity of justification, internalism versus externalism, truth as the epistemic goal, and scepticism and the search for justification.