Justification Without Awareness

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Justification without Awareness

Michael Bergmann
Justification without Awareness Book PDF

Author : Michael Bergmann
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2006-05-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191534669

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Justification without Awareness by Michael Bergmann Pdf

Virtually all philosophers agree that for a belief to be epistemically justified, it must satisfy certain conditions. Perhaps it must be supported by evidence. Or perhaps it must be reliably formed. Or perhaps there are some other 'good-making' features it must have. But does a belief's justification also require some sort of awareness of its good-making features? The answer to this question has been hotly contested in contemporary epistemology, creating a deep divide among its practitioners. Internalists insist that such awareness is required for justification whereas externalists insist that it isn't. The first part of Michael Bergmann's book argues that internalism faces an inescapable dilemma: either it leads to vicious regress problems and, ultimately, radical skepticism, or it is entirely unmotivated. The second part of the book begins by developing the author's own externalist theory of justification, one imposing both a proper function and a no-defeater requirement. Bergmann concludes by demonstrating the failure of two prominent critiques of externalism, namely, that it is infected with epistemic circularity and that it cannot respond adequately to skepticism. Together, the two parts of the book provide a decisive refutation of internalism and a sustained defense of externalism. Moreover, they do so while placing a high priority on making the author's opponents feel that their positions and objections are understood.

Justification Without Awareness

Michael Bergmann,Professor of Philosophy Michael Bergmann
Justification Without Awareness Book PDF

Author : Michael Bergmann,Professor of Philosophy Michael Bergmann
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2006-05-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199275748

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Justification Without Awareness by Michael Bergmann,Professor of Philosophy Michael Bergmann Pdf

Michael Bergmann provides a decisive refutation of internalism and a sustained defense of externalism, developing his theory of justification by imposing both a proper function and a no-defeater requirement.

Epistemic Justification

Laurence BonJour,Ernest Sosa
Epistemic Justification Book PDF

Author : Laurence BonJour,Ernest Sosa
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2003-04-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0631182845

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Epistemic Justification by Laurence BonJour,Ernest Sosa Pdf

Ever since Plato it has been thought that one knows only if one's belief hits the mark of truth and does so with adequate justification. The issues debated by Laurence BonJour and Ernest Sosa concern mostly the nature and conditions of such epistemic justification, and its place in our understanding of human knowledge. Presents central issues pertaining to internalism vs. externalism and foundationalism vs. virtue epistemology in the form of a philosophical debate. Introduces students to fundamental questions within epistemology while engaging in contemporary debates. Written by two of today’s foremost epistemologists. Includes an extensive bibliography.

Seemings and Justification

Chris Tucker
Seemings and Justification Book PDF

Author : Chris Tucker
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2013-09-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199899494

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Seemings and Justification by Chris Tucker Pdf

The primary aim of this book is to understand how seemings relate to justification and whether some version of dogmatism or phenomenal conservatism can be sustained. It also addresses a number of other issues, including the nature of seemings, cognitive penetration, Bayesianism, and the epistemology of morality and disagreement.

Interpreting Avicenna

Peter Adamson
Interpreting Avicenna Book PDF

Author : Peter Adamson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2013-07-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780521190732

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Interpreting Avicenna by Peter Adamson Pdf

This volume examines many aspects of the philosophy of Avicenna, the greatest philosopher of the Islamic world.

Awareness in Logic and Epistemology

Claudia Fernández-Fernández
Awareness in Logic and Epistemology Book PDF

Author : Claudia Fernández-Fernández
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2021-06-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030696061

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Awareness in Logic and Epistemology by Claudia Fernández-Fernández Pdf

This book creates a conceptual schema that acts as a correlation between Epistemology and Epistemic Logic. It connects both fields and offers a proper theoretical foundation for the contemporary developments of Epistemic Logic regarding the dynamics of information. It builds a bridge between the view of Awareness Justification Internalism, and a dynamic approach to Awareness Logic. The book starts with an introduction to the main topics in Epistemic Logic and Epistemology and reviews the disconnection between the two fields. It analyses three core notions representing the basic structure of the conceptual schema: “Epistemic Awareness”, “Knowledge” and “Justification”. Next, it presents the Explicit Aware Knowledge (EAK) Schema, using a diagram of three ellipses to illustrate the schema, and a formal model based on a neighbourhood-model structure, that shows one concrete application of the EAK-Schema into a logical structure. The book ends by presenting conclusions and final remarks about the uses and applications of the EAK-Schema. It shows that the most important feature of the schema is that it serves both as a theoretical correlate to the dynamic extensions of Awareness Logic, providing it with a philosophical background, and as an abstract conceptual structure for a re-interpretation of Epistemology.

Philosophy and the Christian Worldview

David Werther,Mark D. Linville
Philosophy and the Christian Worldview Book PDF

Author : David Werther,Mark D. Linville
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012-02-02
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781441104762

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Philosophy and the Christian Worldview by David Werther,Mark D. Linville Pdf

Philosophy and the Christian Worldview is a collection of new essays written by fifteen philosophers of religion. Bringing together some of the leading lights in current academic philosophy of religion, including William Hasker, Charles Taliaferro and Keith Yandell, it offers a fresh perspective on four major areas of discussion: Religion and Epistemology; Religion and Morality; Religion and Metaphysics; and Religion and Worldview Assessment. United by the argument that the core claims of religion have metaphysical, epistemic and moral entailments, these essays represent a state of the art discussion in contemporary philosophy of religion.

Justification and the Truth-Connection

Clayton Littlejohn
Justification and the Truth Connection Book PDF

Author : Clayton Littlejohn
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2012-06-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781139510660

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Justification and the Truth-Connection by Clayton Littlejohn Pdf

The internalism-externalism debate is one of the oldest debates in epistemology. Internalists assert that the justification of our beliefs can only depend on facts internal to us, while externalists insist that justification can depend on additional, for example environmental, factors. In this book Clayton Littlejohn proposes and defends a new strategy for resolving this debate. Focussing on the connections between practical and theoretical reason, he explores the question of whether the priority of the good to the right (in ethics) might be used to defend an epistemological version of consequentialism, and proceeds to formulate a new 'deontological externalist' view. His discussion is rich with insights and will be valuable for a wide range of readers in epistemology, ethics and practical reason.

Seemings and the Foundations of Justification

Blake McAllister
Seemings and the Foundations of Justification Book PDF

Author : Blake McAllister
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2023-08-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000936599

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Seemings and the Foundations of Justification by Blake McAllister Pdf

All justified beliefs ultimately rest on attitudes that are immediately justified. This book illuminates the nature of immediate justification and the states that provide it. Simply put, immediate justification arises from how things appear to us—from all and only our "seemings." The author defends each aspect of this "seemings foundationalism," including the assumption of foundationalism itself. Most notably, the author draws from common sense philosopher Thomas Reid to present new and improved arguments for phenomenal conservatism and gives the first systematic argument that seemings alone are capable of immediately justifying. The discussion delves deeply into the nature of seemings and how it is that their assertive phenomenal character makes them (and them alone) capable of immediately justifying. Along the way, the author makes novel contributions to perennial debates such as: internalism versus externalism, deontologism and epistemic blame, epistemic circularity, and the common sense response to skepticism. Seemings and the Foundations of Justification will appeal to scholars and advanced students interested in epistemology, Thomas Reid, or the common sense tradition.

Internalist approach to knowledge and justification

Difrine Madara
Internalist approach to knowledge and justification Book PDF

Author : Difrine Madara
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 10 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2020-07-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783346216007

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Internalist approach to knowledge and justification by Difrine Madara Pdf

Academic Paper from the year 2019 in the subject Law - Philosophy, History and Sociology of Law, grade: A, , language: English, abstract: This paper discusses various aspects of internalist approach to knowledge and justification. Furthermore, the paper acknowledges that internalism has both strengths and weaknesses in relation to understanding various aspects of epistemology. Internalism/externalism discussions are central elements in the field of contemporary epistemology. These debates aim to answer the fundamental questions on the basic nature of epistemic justification and knowledge. Basically, internalism encompasses justification which is a result of internal factors to a person. On the other hand, externalists claim that justification should also be determined by factors which are external to the debate. Determining what is internal to the person has thus become central aspect of the internalism/externalism debate.

The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding

Jonathan L. Kvanvig
The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding Book PDF

Author : Jonathan L. Kvanvig
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2003-08-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781139442282

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The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding by Jonathan L. Kvanvig Pdf

Epistemology has for a long time focused on the concept of knowledge and tried to answer questions such as whether knowledge is possible and how much of it there is. Often missing from this inquiry, however, is a discussion on the value of knowledge. In The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding Jonathan Kvanvig argues that epistemology properly conceived cannot ignore the question of the value of knowledge. He also questions one of the most fundamental assumptions in epistemology, namely that knowledge is always more valuable than the value of its subparts. Taking Platos' Meno as a starting point of his discussion, Kvanvig tackles the different arguments about the value of knowledge and comes to the conclusion that knowledge is less valuable than generally assumed. Clearly written and well argued, this 2003 book will appeal to students and professionals in epistemology.

Explaining Knowledge

Rodrigo Borges,Claudio de Almeida,Peter D. Klein
Explaining Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Rodrigo Borges,Claudio de Almeida,Peter D. Klein
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191036835

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Explaining Knowledge by Rodrigo Borges,Claudio de Almeida,Peter D. Klein Pdf

The Gettier Problem has shaped most of the fundamental debates in epistemology for more than fifty years. Before Edmund Gettier published his famous 1963 paper, it was generally presumed that knowledge was equivalent to true belief supported by adequate evidence. Gettier presented a powerful challenge to that presumption. This led to the development and refinement of many prominent epistemological theories, for example, defeasibility theories, causal theories, conclusive-reasons theories, tracking theories, epistemic virtue theories, and knowledge-first theories. The debate about the appropriate use of intuition to provide evidence in all areas of philosophy began as a debate about the epistemic status of the 'Gettier intuition'. The differing accounts of epistemic luck are all rooted in responses to the Gettier Problem. The discussions about the role of false beliefs in the production of knowledge are directly traceable to Gettier's paper, as are the debates between fallibilists and infallibilists. Indeed, it is fair to say that providing a satisfactory response to the Gettier Problem has become a litmus test of any adequate account of knowledge even those accounts that hold that the Gettier Problem rests on mistakes of various sorts. This volume presents a collection of essays by twenty-six experts, including some of the most influential philosophers of our time, on the various issues that arise from Gettier's challenge to the analysis of knowledge. Explaining Knowledge sets the agenda for future work on the central problem of epistemology.

Introduction to Philosophy

Guy Axtell
Introduction to Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Guy Axtell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2022-01-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1989014267

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Introduction to Philosophy by Guy Axtell Pdf

Introduction to Philosophy: Epistemology engages first-time philosophy readers on a guided tour through the core concepts, questions, methods, arguments, and theories of epistemology-the branch of philosophy devoted to the study of knowledge. After a brief overview of the field, the book progresses systematically while placing central ideas and thinkers in historical and contemporary context. The chapters cover the analysis of knowledge, the nature of epistemic justification, rationalism vs. empiricism, skepticism, the value of knowledge, the ethics of belief, Bayesian epistemology, social epistemology, and feminist epistemologies. Along the way, instructors and students will encounter a wealth of additional resources and tools: Chapter learning outcomes Key terms Images of philosophers and related art Useful diagrams and tables Boxes containing excerpts and other supplementary material Questions for reflection Suggestions for further reading A glossary For an undergraduate survey epistemology course, Introduction to Philosophy: Epistemology is ideal when used as a main text paired with primary sources and scholarly articles. For an introductory philosophy course, select book chapters are best used in combination with chapters from other books in the Introduction to Philosophy series: https: //www1.rebus.community/#/project/4ec7ecce-d2b3-4f20-973c-6b6502e7cbb2.

The Routledge Companion to Epistemology

Sven Bernecker,Duncan Pritchard
The Routledge Companion to Epistemology Book PDF

Author : Sven Bernecker,Duncan Pritchard
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 938 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2011-01-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781136882012

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The Routledge Companion to Epistemology by Sven Bernecker,Duncan Pritchard Pdf

Epistemology, the philosophy of knowledge, is at the core of many of the central debates and issues in philosophy, interrogating the notions of truth, objectivity, trust, belief and perception. The Routledge Companion to Epistemology provides a comprehensive and the up-to-date survey of epistemology, charting its history, providing a thorough account of its key thinkers and movements, and addressing enduring questions and contemporary research in the field. Organized thematically, the Companion is divided into ten sections: Foundational Issues, The Analysis of Knowledge, The Structure of Knowledge, Kinds of Knowledge, Skepticism, Responses to Skepticism, Knowledge and Knowledge Attributions, Formal Epistemology, The History of Epistemology, and Metaepistemological Issues. Seventy-eight chapters, each between 5000 and 7000 words and written by the world’s leading epistemologists, provide students with an outstanding and accessible guide to the field. Designed to fit the most comprehensive syllabus in the discipline, this text will be an indispensible resource for anyone interested in this central area of philosophy. The Routledge Companion to Epistemology is essential reading for students of philosophy.

Seemings and Epistemic Justification

Luca Moretti
Seemings and Epistemic Justification Book PDF

Author : Luca Moretti
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 97 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2020-03-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030433925

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Seemings and Epistemic Justification by Luca Moretti Pdf

This book examines phenomenal conservatism, one of the most influential and promising internalist conceptions of non-inferential justification debated in current epistemology and philosophy of mind. It also explores the significance of the findings of this examination for the general debate on epistemic justification. According to phenomenal conservatism, non-inferential justification rests on seemings or appearances, conceived of as experiences provided with propositional content. Phenomenal conservatism states that if it appears to S that P, in the absence of defeaters, S thereby has some justification for believing that P. This view provides the basis for foundationalism and many ordinary epistemic practices. This book sheds new light on phenomenal conservatism by assessing objections to it and examining epistemological merits and advantages attributed to it. In a nutshell, phenomenal conservatism is actually compatible with Bayesian reasoning, and it is unaffected by bootstrapping problems and challenges that appeal to the cognitive penetrability of perception. Nevertheless, appearance-based justification proves unstable or elusive and its anti-septical bite is more limited than expected. These difficulties could be surmounted if phenomenal conservatism were integrated with a theory of inferential justification. The book appeals to scholars and postgraduates in the field of epistemology and philosophy of mind who are interested in the rational roles of appearances.