Ethical Social And Psychological Impacts Of Genomic Risk Communication

Author : Ulrik Kihlbom,Mats G. Hansson,Silke Schicktanz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781000225143

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Ethical, Social and Psychological Impacts of Genomic Risk Communication by Ulrik Kihlbom,Mats G. Hansson,Silke Schicktanz Pdf

This volume presents the ethical implications of risk information as related to genetics and other health data for policy decisions at clinical, research and societal levels. Ethical, Social and Psychological Impacts of Genomic Risk Communication examines the introduction of new types of health risk information based on faster, cheaper and larger sets of genetic or genomic analysis. Synthesizing the results of a five-year interdisciplinary project, it explores the unsolved ethical and social questions around the sharing of this data, such as: What is best practice in risk communication? What are the normative presumptions and ethical consequences of an increased individual responsibility for ones’ health? And how does one deal with the gap between the knowledge of risk and the lack of therapeutic options which often exist for complex diseases, such as dementia or some types of cancer? Drawing on contributions from over 20 experts in the field, this collection examines these questions from a liberal bioethics’ perspective, advocating for contextual and cultural-sensitive ethical discussions. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of theoretical and clinical medical ethics, medical sociology, risk communication and ethics of risk, as well as professionals in clinical genetics.

Author : Antoinette Fage-Butler
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2023-10-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000987171

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Risk and Responsibilisation in Public Communication by Antoinette Fage-Butler Pdf

This book explores the connections between risk and responsibilisation in official communication to the public about the global risks of the pandemic and climate change. Our media spheres in the 2020s have been saturated with information about what we should or should not be doing to meet the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change. Although the ability of risk communication to ‘responsibilise’ the public is central to its functioning in our societies, this aspect has so far been under-investigated in academia. To address this lacuna, Antoinette Fage-Butler develops a discursive approach to risk communication that focuses on the values that are communicated in risk messages. Examples of official risk communication about the pandemic and climate change from national and transnational contexts are analysed and compared, leading to new empirical findings and theoretical insights about the nature of risk and responsibilisation. Fage-Butler also builds on recent stirrings in the evolving field of risk communication that highlight the importance of cultural and value-related factors. Overall, this book will equip researchers with an approach to risk communication that reflects the complexity of today’s global risk challenges. Risk and Responsibilisation in Public Communication will be of great interest to students and scholars of risk communication, public health and environmental studies.

Author : Andreas Klinke
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2024-08-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781040102732

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A Theory of Uncertainty by Andreas Klinke Pdf

Using sources from classical to modern that broach the phenomenon of uncertainty and its relation to risk, this book creates a novel approach to the recognized but theoretically often unattended issue of uncertainty. Andreas Klinke develops a new, general theory of uncertainty that provides a taxonomy of categories which are deduced from a critical inventory in philosophy, social and natural sciences, and risk research. Comprising six parts, the philosophical grounding of uncertainty sets the stage for the following philosophical and social scientific accounts and explanation of four distinctive guises of uncertainty that form a taxonomic notion and rationale: ontological, epistemological, linguistic-communicative, and teleological uncertainty. The theoretical-conceptual rumination provides a complex, differentiated view of the anatomy of uncertainty and an understanding that can be used in further theoretical and empirical research, as well as socio-political practice. The latter is delineated in the final part addressing the societal domestication of uncertainty. This book will be of great interest to scholars and students in philosophy, social and natural sciences, risk research, as well as inter- and transdisciplinary science fields.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Assessing Genetic Risks
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1994-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309047982

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Assessing Genetic Risks by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Assessing Genetic Risks Pdf

Raising hopes for disease treatment and prevention, but also the specter of discrimination and "designer genes," genetic testing is potentially one of the most socially explosive developments of our time. This book presents a current assessment of this rapidly evolving field, offering principles for actions and research and recommendations on key issues in genetic testing and screening. Advantages of early genetic knowledge are balanced with issues associated with such knowledge: availability of treatment, privacy and discrimination, personal decision-making, public health objectives, cost, and more. Among the important issues covered: Quality control in genetic testing. Appropriate roles for public agencies, private health practitioners, and laboratories. Value-neutral education and counseling for persons considering testing. Use of test results in insurance, employment, and other settings.

Author : David Karp,V. Michael Holers,Darin T. Okuda,Nancy J. Olsen
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2022-08-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782889768424

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Understanding the Concept of Pre-Clinical Autoimmunity by David Karp,V. Michael Holers,Darin T. Okuda,Nancy J. Olsen Pdf

Author : Ulrik Kihlbom
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : UOM:39015052645168

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Ethical Particularism by Ulrik Kihlbom Pdf

This is a PhD dissertation. Ethical particularism claims that any non-moral feature that in one situation is a reason why something is, for example, morally wrong, may in another situation be morally irrelevant or have an opposite moral valence. Ethical particularism entails, in other words, the non-existence of true or sound moral principles. Actions, persons, and situations acquire their moral features contextually in a way that escapes codification in principled terms. Particularism comes in this way in conflict with a classical approach to moral philosophy

Author : National Research Council,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2001-01-19
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309171434

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Cells and Surveys by National Research Council,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population Pdf

What can social science, and demography in particular, reasonably expect to learn from biological information? There is increasing pressure for multipurpose household surveys to collect biological data along with the more familiar interviewer-respondent information. Given that recent technical developments have made it more feasible to collect biological information in non-clinical settings, those who fund, design, and analyze survey data need to think through the rationale and potential consequences. This is a concern that transcends national boundaries. Cells and Surveys addresses issues such as which biologic/genetic data should be collected in order to be most useful to a range of social scientists and whether amassing biological data has unintended side effects. The book also takes a look at the various ethical and legal concerns that such data collection entails.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Genomics and the Public's Health in the 21st Century
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2005-07-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309096072

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Implications of Genomics for Public Health by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Genomics and the Public's Health in the 21st Century Pdf

Genomics is the study of the entire human genome. Genomics explores not only the actions of single genes, but also the interactions of multiple genes with each other and with the environment. As a result, genomics has great potential for improving the health of the public. However, realizing the benefits of genomics requires a systematic evaluation of its potential contributions and an understanding of the information necessary to facilitate the translation of research findings into public health strategies. In October 2004, the Institute of Medicine convened a workshop to discuss major scientific and policy issues related to genomics and public health, examine major supports for and challenges to the translation of genetic research into population health benefits, and suggest approaches for the integration of genomic information into strategies for promoting health and preventing disease. Implications of Genomics for Public Health summarizes the discussions and presentations from this workshop.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on the Return of Individual-Specific Research Results Generated in Research Laboratories
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2018-09-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309475174

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Returning Individual Research Results to Participants by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on the Return of Individual-Specific Research Results Generated in Research Laboratories Pdf

When is it appropriate to return individual research results to participants? The immense interest in this question has been fostered by the growing movement toward greater transparency and participant engagement in the research enterprise. Yet, the risks of returning individual research resultsâ€"such as results with unknown validityâ€"and the associated burdens on the research enterprise are competing considerations. Returning Individual Research Results to Participants reviews the current evidence on the benefits, harms, and costs of returning individual research results, while also considering the ethical, social, operational, and regulatory aspects of the practice. This report includes 12 recommendations directed to various stakeholdersâ€"investigators, sponsors, research institutions, institutional review boards (IRBs), regulators, and participantsâ€"and are designed to help (1) support decision making regarding the return of results on a study-by-study basis, (2) promote high-quality individual research results, (3) foster participant understanding of individual research results, and (4) revise and harmonize current regulations.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2009-06-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309132145

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Innovations in Service Delivery in the Age of Genomics by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health Pdf

New discoveries in genomics-that is, the study of the entire human genome-are changing how we diagnose and treat diseases. As the trend shifts from genetic testing largely being undertaken for rare genetic disorders to, increasingly, individuals being screened for common diseases, general practitioners, pediatricians, obstetricians/gynecologists, and other providers need to be knowledgeable about and comfortable using genetic information to improve their patients' health. To address these changes, the Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health held the public workshop "Innovations in Service Delivery in the Age of Genomics" on July 27, 2008.

Author : Nurit Guttman
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2000-04-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780761902607

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Public Health Communication Interventions by Nurit Guttman Pdf

The ethical dimensions of health communicators' interventions and campaigns are brought into question in this thought-provoking book. Examining the efforts to effect behavior change, the author questions how far health communication can and should go in changing people's values. The author broadens the current analysis of interventions and presents conceptual frameworks that help identify values and justifications that are embedded in health communication goals, strategies, and evaluation criteria. This critical approach helps explain how and why choices are made in design and implementation, and provides constructs and frameworks to examine them. It also widens the criteria for program evaluation and policymaking, and provides practitioners, planners, policy-makers, researchers, and students with practice-oriented questions.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 3467 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2012-01-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780123739322

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Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics by Anonim Pdf

The Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics, Second Edition, Four Volume Set addresses both the physiological and the psychological aspects of human behavior. Carefully crafted, well written, and thoroughly indexed, the encyclopedia helps users - whether they are students just beginning formal study of the broad field or specialists in a branch of psychology - understand the field and how and why humans behave as we do. The work is an all-encompassing reference providing a comprehensive and definitive review of the field. A broad and inclusive table of contents ensures detailed investigation of historical and theoretical material as well as in-depth analysis of current issues. Several disciplines may be involved in applied ethics: one branch of applied ethics, for example, bioethics, is commonly explicated in terms of ethical, legal, social, and philosophical issues. Editor-in-Chief Ruth Chadwick has put together a group of leading contributors ranging from philosophers to practitioners in the particular fields in question, to academics from disciplines such as law and economics. The 376 chapters are divided into 4 volumes, each chapter falling into a subject category including Applied Ethics; Bioethics; Computers and Information Management; Economics/Business; Environmental Ethics; Ethics and Politics; Legal; Medical Ethics; Philosophy/Theories; Social; and Social/Media. Concise entries (ten pages on average) provide foundational knowledge of the field Each article will features suggested readings pointing readers to additional sources for more information, a list of related websites, a 5-10 word glossary and a definition paragraph, and cross-references to related articles in the encyclopedia Newly expanded editorial board and a host of international contributors from the US, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Sweden, and the United Kingdom The 376 chapters are divided into 4 volumes, each chapter falling into a subject category including Applied Ethics; Bioethics; Computers and Information Management; Economics/Business; Environmental Ethics; Ethics and Politics; Legal; Medical Ethics; Philosophy/Theories; Social; and Social/Media

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,National Cancer Policy Forum,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2011-01-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309162166

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Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,National Cancer Policy Forum,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law Pdf

Today, scores of companies, primarily in the United States and Europe, are offering whole genome scanning services directly to the public. The proliferation of these companies and the services they offer demonstrate a public appetite for this information and where the future of genetics may be headed; they also demonstrate the need for serious discussion about the regulatory environment, patient privacy, and other policy implications of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing. Rapid advances in genetic research already have begun to transform clinical practice and our understanding of disease progression. Existing research has revealed a genetic basis or component for numerous diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, heart disease, and several forms of cancer. The availability of the human genome sequence and the HapMap, plummeting costs of high-throughput screening, and increasingly sophisticated computational analyses have led to an explosion of discoveries of linkages between patterns of genetic variation and disease susceptibility. While this research is by no means a straight path toward better public health, improved knowledge of the genetic linkages has the potential to change fundamentally the way health professionals and public health practitioners approach the prevention and treatment of disease. Realizing this potential will require greater sophistication in the interpretation of genetic tests, new training for physicians and other diagnosticians, and new approaches to communicating findings to the public. As this rapidly growing field matures, all of these questions require attention from a variety of perspectives. To discuss some of the foregoing issues, several units of the National Academies held a workshop on August 31 and September 1, 2009, to bring together a still-developing community of professionals from a variety of relevant disciplines, to educate the public and policy-makers about this emerging field, and to identify issues for future study. The meeting featured several invited presentations and discussions on the many technical, legal, policy, and ethical questions that such DTC testing raises, including: (1) overview of the current state of knowledge and the future research trajectory; (2) shared genes and emerging issues in privacy; (3) the regulatory framework; and (4) education of the public and the medical community.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 852 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Psychology
ISBN : MINN:31951P00917237G

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APS Observer by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academy of Medicine,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Human Gene Editing: Scientific, Medical, and Ethical Considerations
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2017-08-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309452885

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Human Genome Editing by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academy of Medicine,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Human Gene Editing: Scientific, Medical, and Ethical Considerations Pdf

Genome editing is a powerful new tool for making precise alterations to an organism's genetic material. Recent scientific advances have made genome editing more efficient, precise, and flexible than ever before. These advances have spurred an explosion of interest from around the globe in the possible ways in which genome editing can improve human health. The speed at which these technologies are being developed and applied has led many policymakers and stakeholders to express concern about whether appropriate systems are in place to govern these technologies and how and when the public should be engaged in these decisions. Human Genome Editing considers important questions about the human application of genome editing including: balancing potential benefits with unintended risks, governing the use of genome editing, incorporating societal values into clinical applications and policy decisions, and respecting the inevitable differences across nations and cultures that will shape how and whether to use these new technologies. This report proposes criteria for heritable germline editing, provides conclusions on the crucial need for public education and engagement, and presents 7 general principles for the governance of human genome editing.