Human Genome Editing

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Human Genome Editing

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academy of Medicine,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Human Gene Editing: Scientific, Medical, and Ethical Considerations
Human Genome Editing Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academy of Medicine,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Human Gene Editing: Scientific, Medical, and Ethical Considerations
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2017-08-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309452885

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Human Genome Editing by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academy of Medicine,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Human Gene Editing: Scientific, Medical, and Ethical Considerations Pdf

Genome editing is a powerful new tool for making precise alterations to an organism's genetic material. Recent scientific advances have made genome editing more efficient, precise, and flexible than ever before. These advances have spurred an explosion of interest from around the globe in the possible ways in which genome editing can improve human health. The speed at which these technologies are being developed and applied has led many policymakers and stakeholders to express concern about whether appropriate systems are in place to govern these technologies and how and when the public should be engaged in these decisions. Human Genome Editing considers important questions about the human application of genome editing including: balancing potential benefits with unintended risks, governing the use of genome editing, incorporating societal values into clinical applications and policy decisions, and respecting the inevitable differences across nations and cultures that will shape how and whether to use these new technologies. This report proposes criteria for heritable germline editing, provides conclusions on the crucial need for public education and engagement, and presents 7 general principles for the governance of human genome editing.

Heritable Human Genome Editing

The Royal Society,National Academy of Sciences,National Academy of Medicine,International Commission on the Clinical Use of Human Germline Genome Editing
Heritable Human Genome Editing Book PDF

Author : The Royal Society,National Academy of Sciences,National Academy of Medicine,International Commission on the Clinical Use of Human Germline Genome Editing
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2021-01-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309671132

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Heritable Human Genome Editing by The Royal Society,National Academy of Sciences,National Academy of Medicine,International Commission on the Clinical Use of Human Germline Genome Editing Pdf

Heritable human genome editing - making changes to the genetic material of eggs, sperm, or any cells that lead to their development, including the cells of early embryos, and establishing a pregnancy - raises not only scientific and medical considerations but also a host of ethical, moral, and societal issues. Human embryos whose genomes have been edited should not be used to create a pregnancy until it is established that precise genomic changes can be made reliably and without introducing undesired changes - criteria that have not yet been met, says Heritable Human Genome Editing. From an international commission of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the U.K.'s Royal Society, the report considers potential benefits, harms, and uncertainties associated with genome editing technologies and defines a translational pathway from rigorous preclinical research to initial clinical uses, should a country decide to permit such uses. The report specifies stringent preclinical and clinical requirements for establishing safety and efficacy, and for undertaking long-term monitoring of outcomes. Extensive national and international dialogue is needed before any country decides whether to permit clinical use of this technology, according to the report, which identifies essential elements of national and international scientific governance and oversight.

Altered Inheritance

Françoise Baylis
Altered Inheritance Book PDF

Author : Françoise Baylis
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-09-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780674976719

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Altered Inheritance by Françoise Baylis Pdf

With the advent of CRISPR gene-editing technology, designer babies have become a reality. Françoise Baylis insists that scientists alone cannot decide the terms of this new era in human evolution. Members of the public, with diverse interests and perspectives, must have a role in determining our future as a species.

Editing Humanity

Kevin Davies
Editing Humanity Book PDF

Author : Kevin Davies
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781643133942

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Editing Humanity by Kevin Davies Pdf

One of the world's leading experts on genetics unravels one of the most important breakthroughs in modern science and medicine. IIf our genes are, to a great extent, our destiny, then what would happen if mankind could engineer and alter the very essence of our DNA coding? Millions might be spared the devastating effects of hereditary disease or the challenges of disability, whether it was the pain of sickle-cell anemia to the ravages of Huntington’s disease. But this power to “play God” also raises major ethical questions and poses threats for potential misuse. For decades, these questions have lived exclusively in the realm of science fiction, but as Kevin Davies powerfully reveals in his new book, this is all about to change. Engrossing and page-turning, Editing Humanity takes readers inside the fascinating world of a new gene editing technology called CRISPR, a high-powered genetic toolkit that enables scientists to not only engineer but to edit the DNA of any organism down to the individual building blocks of the genetic code. Davies introduces readers to arguably the most profound scientific breakthrough of our time. He tracks the scientists on the front lines of its research to the patients whose powerful stories bring the narrative movingly to human scale. Though the birth of the “CRISPR babies” in China made international news, there is much more to the story of CRISPR than headlines seemingly ripped from science fiction. In Editing Humanity, Davies sheds light on the implications that this new technology can have on our everyday lives and in the lives of generations to come.

Human Germline Modification and the Right to Science

Andrea Boggio,Cesare P. R. Romano,Jessica Almqvist
Human Germline Modification and the Right to Science Book PDF

Author : Andrea Boggio,Cesare P. R. Romano,Jessica Almqvist
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 681 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2020-01-09
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781108499873

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Human Germline Modification and the Right to Science by Andrea Boggio,Cesare P. R. Romano,Jessica Almqvist Pdf

A survey of the regulation of human germline genome modification in eighteen countries and the emerging international standards.

CRISPR People

Henry T. Greely
CRISPR People Book PDF

Author : Henry T. Greely
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2022-03-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780262543880

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CRISPR People by Henry T. Greely Pdf

What does the birth of babies whose embryos had gone through genome editing mean--for science and for all of us? In November 2018, the world was shocked to learn that two babies had been born in China with DNA edited while they were embryos—as dramatic a development in genetics as the 1996 cloning of Dolly the sheep. In this book, Hank Greely, a leading authority on law and genetics, tells the fascinating story of this human experiment and its consequences. Greely explains what Chinese scientist He Jiankui did, how he did it, and how the public and other scientists learned about and reacted to this unprecedented genetic intervention. The two babies, nonidentical twin girls, were the first “CRISPR'd” people ever born (CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, is a powerful gene-editing method). Greely not only describes He's experiment and its public rollout (aided by a public relations adviser) but also considers, in a balanced and thoughtful way, the lessons to be drawn both from these CRISPR'd babies and, more broadly, from this kind of human DNA editing—“germline editing” that can be passed on from one generation to the next. Greely doesn't mince words, describing He's experiment as grossly reckless, irresponsible, immoral, and illegal. Although he sees no inherent or unmanageable barriers to human germline editing, he also sees very few good uses for it—other, less risky, technologies can achieve the same benefits. We should consider the implications carefully before we proceed.

The Human Gene Editing Debate

John H. Evans
The Human Gene Editing Debate Book PDF

Author : John H. Evans
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2020-08-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780197519585

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The Human Gene Editing Debate by John H. Evans Pdf

In 2018 the first genetically modified babies were reportedly born in China, made possible by the invention of CRISPR technology in 2012. This controversial advancement overturned the pre-existing moral consensus, which had held for over fifty years before: while gene editing an adult person was morally acceptable, modifying babies, and thus subsequent generations, crossed a significant moral line. If this line is passed over, scientists will be left without an agreed-upon ethical limit. What do we do now? John H. Evans here provides a meta-level guide to how these debates move forward and their significance to society. He explains how the bioethical debate has long been characterized as a slippery slope, with consensually ethical use at the top, nightmarish dystopia at the bottom, and specific agreed-upon limits in between, which draw the lines between the ethical and the unethical. Evans frames his analysis around these limits, or barriers. Historically they have existed to guide scientists and to prevent the debate from slipping down the metaphorical slope into unacceptable eugenicist possibilities, such as in Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World or the movie Gattaca. Evans examines the history of how barriers were placed, then fell, then replaced by new ones, and discusses how these insights inform where the debate may head. He evaluates other proposed barriers relevant to where we are now, projects that most of the barriers suggested by scientists and bioethicists will not hold, and cautiously identifies a few that could serve as the moral boundary for the next generation. At a critical time in this new era of intervention in the human genome, The Human Gene Editing Debate provides a necessary, comprehensive analysis of the conversation's direction, past, present, and future.

Modern Prometheus

Jim Kozubek
Modern Prometheus Book PDF

Author : Jim Kozubek
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 453 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016-10-18
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781107172166

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Modern Prometheus by Jim Kozubek Pdf

This book tells the dramatic story of Crispr and the potential impact of this gene-editing technology.

Redesigning Life

John Parrington
Redesigning Life Book PDF

Author : John Parrington
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Genetic engineering
ISBN : 9780198766827

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Redesigning Life by John Parrington Pdf

Rapid developments in the manipulation of genomes, including editing genes with 'molecular scissors' and the synthesizing of new lifeforms look set to transform our future, and perhaps that of life on Earth. John Parrington explains the cutting edge science and its implications.

Genome Editing in Neurosciences

Rudolf Jaenisch,Feng Zhang,Fred Gage
Genome Editing in Neurosciences Book PDF

Author : Rudolf Jaenisch,Feng Zhang,Fred Gage
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2018-08-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3319868012

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Genome Editing in Neurosciences by Rudolf Jaenisch,Feng Zhang,Fred Gage Pdf

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. CRISPR-Cas9 is a rapid, efficient, versatile and relatively cheap method for dissecting the molecular pathways that are the basis of life, as well as for investigating and potentially rectifying faults in these pathways that result in disease. This book reviews how CRISPR-Cas9 and other genome editing techniques are advancing our understanding of development and function in the nervous system, uncovering the molecular causes of neurological disorders and providing tools for gene therapy.

Genome Editing and Engineering

Krishnarao Appasani
Genome Editing and Engineering Book PDF

Author : Krishnarao Appasani
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 535 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2018-08-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107170377

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Genome Editing and Engineering by Krishnarao Appasani Pdf

A complete guide to endonuclease-based genomic engineering, from basic science to application in disease biology and clinical treatment.

Human Genome Editing

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academy of Medicine,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Human Gene Editing: Scientific, Medical, and Ethical Considerations
Human Genome Editing Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academy of Medicine,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Human Gene Editing: Scientific, Medical, and Ethical Considerations
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2017-07-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309452915

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Human Genome Editing by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academy of Medicine,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Human Gene Editing: Scientific, Medical, and Ethical Considerations Pdf

Genome editing is a powerful new tool for making precise alterations to an organism's genetic material. Recent scientific advances have made genome editing more efficient, precise, and flexible than ever before. These advances have spurred an explosion of interest from around the globe in the possible ways in which genome editing can improve human health. The speed at which these technologies are being developed and applied has led many policymakers and stakeholders to express concern about whether appropriate systems are in place to govern these technologies and how and when the public should be engaged in these decisions. Human Genome Editing considers important questions about the human application of genome editing including: balancing potential benefits with unintended risks, governing the use of genome editing, incorporating societal values into clinical applications and policy decisions, and respecting the inevitable differences across nations and cultures that will shape how and whether to use these new technologies. This report proposes criteria for heritable germline editing, provides conclusions on the crucial need for public education and engagement, and presents 7 general principles for the governance of human genome editing.

Between Moral Hazard and Legal Uncertainty

Matthias Braun,Hannah Schickl,Peter Dabrock
Between Moral Hazard and Legal Uncertainty Book PDF

Author : Matthias Braun,Hannah Schickl,Peter Dabrock
Publisher : Springer
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2018-11-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783658226602

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Between Moral Hazard and Legal Uncertainty by Matthias Braun,Hannah Schickl,Peter Dabrock Pdf

Genome Editing Techniques are seen to be at the frontier of current research in the field of emerging biotechnologies. The latest revolutionary development, the so-called CRISPR technology, represents a paradigmatic example of the ambiguity of such techniques and has resulted in an international interdisciplinary debate on whether or not it is necessary to ban the application of this technique by means of a moratorium on its use for human germline modifications, particularly in human embryos in the reproduction process. However, given that other germline engineering techniques like mitochondrial (mt) DNA transfer techniques are already permitted and applied, the question arises what lies at the root of the apparent social unease about the modification of the human germline by Genome Editing Techniques like CRISPR. Against this background, the book seeks to make a substantial contribution to the current debate about a responsible and participatory framework for research on emerging biotechnologies by analysing underlying perceptions, attitudes, arguments and the reasoning on Genome Editing Techniques.

Hacking Darwin

Jamie Metzl
Hacking Darwin Book PDF

Author : Jamie Metzl
Publisher : Sourcebooks, Inc.
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2019-04-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781492670100

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Hacking Darwin by Jamie Metzl Pdf

"A gifted and thoughtful writer, Metzl brings us to the frontiers of biology and technology, and reveals a world full of promise and peril." — Siddhartha Mukherjee MD, New York Times bestselling author of The Emperor of All Maladies and The Gene A groundbreaking exploration of genetic engineering and its impact on the future of our species from leading geopolitical expert and technology futurist, Jamie Metzl. At the dawn of the genetics revolution, our DNA is becoming as readable, writable, and hackable as our information technology. But as humanity starts retooling our own genetic code, the choices we make today will be the difference between realizing breathtaking advances in human well-being and descending into a dangerous and potentially deadly genetic arms race. Enter the laboratories where scientists are turning science fiction into reality. In this captivating and thought-provoking nonfiction science book, Jamie Metzl delves into the ethical, scientific, political, and technological dimensions of genetic engineering, and shares how it will shape the course of human evolution. Cutting-edge insights into the field of genetic engineering and its implications for humanity's future Explores the transformative power of genetic technologies and their potential to reshape human life Examines the ethical considerations surrounding genetic engineering and the choices we face as a species Engaging narrative that delves into the scientific breakthroughs and real-world applications of genetic technologies Provides a balanced perspective on the promises and risks associated with genetic engineering Raises thought-provoking questions about the future of reproduction, human health, and our relationship with nature Drawing on his extensive background in genetics, national security, and foreign policy, Metzl paints a vivid picture of a world where advancements in technology empower us to take control of our own evolution, but also cautions against the pitfalls and ethical dilemmas that could arise if not properly managed. Hacking Darwin is a must-read for anyone interested in the intersection of science, technology, and humanity's future.

CRISPR-Cas Systems

Rodolphe Barrangou,John van der Oost
CRISPR Cas Systems Book PDF

Author : Rodolphe Barrangou,John van der Oost
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642346576

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CRISPR-Cas Systems by Rodolphe Barrangou,John van der Oost Pdf

CRISPR/Cas is a recently described defense system that protects bacteria and archaea against invasion by mobile genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids. A wide spectrum of distinct CRISPR/Cas systems has been identified in at least half of the available prokaryotic genomes. On-going structural and functional analyses have resulted in a far greater insight into the functions and possible applications of these systems, although many secrets remain to be discovered. In this book, experts summarize the state of the art in this exciting field.