Eugenic Design

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Eugenic Design

Christina Cogdell
Eugenic Design Book PDF

Author : Christina Cogdell
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2010-07-23
Category : Art
ISBN : 9780812221220

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Eugenic Design by Christina Cogdell Pdf

In 1939, Vogue magazine invited commercial designer Raymond Loewy and eight of his contemporaries—including Walter Dorwin Teague, Egmont Arens, and Henry Dreyfuss—to design a dress for the "Woman of the Future" as part of its special issue promoting the New York World's Fair and its theme, "The World of Tomorrow." While focusing primarily on her clothing and accessories, many commented as well on the future woman's physique, predicting that her body and mind would be perfected through the implementation of eugenics. Industrial designers' fascination with eugenics—especially that of Norman Bel Geddes—began during the previous decade, and its principles permeated their theories of the modern design style known as "streamlining." In Eugenic Design, Christina Cogdell charts new territory in the history of industrial design, popular science, and American culture in the 1930s by uncovering the links between streamline design and eugenics, the pseudoscientific belief that the best human traits could—and should—be cultivated through selective breeding. Streamline designers approached products the same way eugenicists approached bodies. Both considered themselves to be reformers advancing evolutionary progress through increased efficiency, hygiene and the creation of a utopian "ideal type." Cogdell reconsiders the popular streamline style in U.S. industrial design and proposes that in theory, rhetoric, and context the style served as a material embodiment of eugenic ideology. With careful analysis and abundant illustrations, Eugenic Design is an ambitious reinterpretation of one of America's most significant and popular design forms, ultimately grappling with the question of how ideology influences design.

Popular Eugenics

Susan Currell,Christina Cogdell
Popular Eugenics Book PDF

Author : Susan Currell,Christina Cogdell
Publisher : Ohio University Press
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Culture in motion pictures
ISBN : 9780821416914

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Popular Eugenics by Susan Currell,Christina Cogdell Pdf

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The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics

Alison Bashford,Philippa Levine
The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics Book PDF

Author : Alison Bashford,Philippa Levine
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 607 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2010-09-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9780195373141

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The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics by Alison Bashford,Philippa Levine Pdf

Philippa Levine is the Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities at the University of Texas at Austin. Her books include Prostitution, Race and Politics: Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire, and The British Empire, Sunrise to Sunset. --

Design by Accident

Alexandra Midal
Design by Accident Book PDF

Author : Alexandra Midal
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2023-09-26
Category : Design
ISBN : 9783956795978

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Design by Accident by Alexandra Midal Pdf

A counterhistory and new historiography of design. In Design by Accident, Alexandra Midal declares the autonomy of design, in and on its own terms. This meticulously researched work proposes not only a counterhistory but a new historiography of design, shedding light on overlooked historical landmarks and figures while reevaluating the legacies of design's established luminaries from the nineteenth century to the present. Midal rejects both linear narratives of progress and the long-held perception of design as a footnote to the histories of fine art and architecture. By weaving critical analysis of the canon of design history and theory together, with special attention to the writings of designers themselves, she draws out the nuances and radical potentials of the discipline—from William Morris's ambivalence toward industry, to Catharine Beecher's proto-feminist household appliances, to the Bauhaus's Expressionist origins, and the influence of Herbert Marcuse on Joe Colombo.

"Art, Sex and Eugenics "

Anthea Callen
Art Sex and Eugenics Book PDF

Author : Anthea Callen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Art
ISBN : 9781351575409

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"Art, Sex and Eugenics " by Anthea Callen Pdf

This book reveals how art and sex promoted the desire for the genetically perfect body. Its eight chapters demonstrate that before eugenics was stigmatized by the Holocaust and Western histories were sanitized of its prevalence, a vast array of Western politicians, physicians, eugenic societies, family leagues, health associations, laboratories and museums advocated, through verbal and visual cultures, the breeding of 'the master race'. Each chapter illustrates the uncanny resemblances between models of sexual management and the perfect eugenic body in America, Britain, France, Communist Russia and Nazi Germany both before and after the Second World War. Traced back to the eighteenth-century anatomy lesson, the perfect eugenic body is revealed as athletic, hygienic, 'pure-blooded' and sexually potent. This paradigm is shown to have persisted as much during the Bolshevik sexual revolution, as in democratic nations and fascist regimes. Consistently posed naked, these images were unashamedly exhibitionist and voyeuristic. Despite stringent legislation against obscenity, not only were these images commended for soliciting the spectator's gaze but also for motivating the spectator to act out their desire. An examination of the counter-archives of Maori and African Americans also exposes how biologically racist eugenics could be equally challenged by art. Ultimately this book establishes that art inculcated procreative sex with the Corpus Delecti - the delectable body, healthy, wholesome and sanctioned by eugenicists for improving the Western race.

Conceiving the Future

Laura L. Lovett
Conceiving the Future Book PDF

Author : Laura L. Lovett
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2009-11-30
Category : History
ISBN : 0807868108

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Conceiving the Future by Laura L. Lovett Pdf

Through nostalgic idealizations of motherhood, family, and the home, influential leaders in early twentieth-century America constructed and legitimated a range of reforms that promoted human reproduction. Their pronatalism emerged from a modernist conviction that reproduction and population could be regulated. European countries sought to regulate or encourage reproduction through legislation; America, by contrast, fostered ideological and cultural ideas of pronatalism through what Laura Lovett calls "nostalgic modernism," which romanticized agrarianism and promoted scientific racism and eugenics. Lovett looks closely at the ideologies of five influential American figures: Mary Lease's maternalist agenda, Florence Sherbon's eugenic "fitter families" campaign, George Maxwell's "homecroft" movement of land reclamation and home building, Theodore Roosevelt's campaign for conservation and country life, and Edward Ross's sociological theory of race suicide and social control. Demonstrating the historical circumstances that linked agrarianism, racism, and pronatalism, Lovett shows how reproductive conformity was manufactured, how it was promoted, and why it was coercive. In addition to contributing to scholarship in American history, gender studies, rural studies, and environmental history, Lovett's study sheds light on the rhetoric of "family values" that has regained currency in recent years.

Mocking Eugenics

Ewa Barbara Luczak
Mocking Eugenics Book PDF

Author : Ewa Barbara Luczak
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 243 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2021-07-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000416244

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Mocking Eugenics by Ewa Barbara Luczak Pdf

Mocking Eugenics explores the opposition to eugenic discourse mounted by twentieth-century American artists seeking to challenge and destabilize what they viewed as a dangerous body of thought. Focusing on their wielding of humor to attack the contemporaneous science of heredity and the totalitarian impulse informing it, this book confronts the conflict between eugenic theories presented as grounded in scientific and metaphysical truth and the satirical treatment of eugenics as not only absurdly illogical but also antithetical to democratic ideals and inimical to humanistic values. Through analyses of the films of Charlie Chaplin and the fiction of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Anita Loos, and Wallace Thurman, Mocking Eugenics examines their use of laughter to dismantle the rhetoric of perfectionism, white supremacy, and nativism that shaped mainstream expressions of American patriotism and normative white masculinity. As such, it will appeal to scholars of cultural studies, literature, cinema, sociology, humor, and American studies.

Eugenics in the Garden

Fabiola López-Durán
Eugenics in the Garden Book PDF

Author : Fabiola López-Durán
Publisher : University of Texas Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2018-03-01
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781477314982

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Eugenics in the Garden by Fabiola López-Durán Pdf

As Latin American elites strove to modernize their cities at the turn of the twentieth century, they eagerly adopted the eugenic theory that improvements to the physical environment would lead to improvements in the human race. Based on Jean-Baptiste Lamarck’s theory of the “inheritance of acquired characteristics,” this strain of eugenics empowered a utopian project that made race, gender, class, and the built environment the critical instruments of modernity and progress. Through a transnational and interdisciplinary lens, Eugenics in the Garden reveals how eugenics, fueled by a fear of social degeneration in France, spread from the realms of medical science to architecture and urban planning, becoming a critical instrument in the crafting of modernity in the new Latin world. Journeying back and forth between France, Brazil, and Argentina, Fabiola López-Durán uncovers the complicity of physicians and architects on both sides of the Atlantic, who participated in a global strategy of social engineering, legitimized by the authority of science. In doing so, she reveals the ideological trajectory of one of the most celebrated architects of the twentieth century, Le Corbusier, who deployed architecture in what he saw as the perfecting and whitening of man. The first in-depth interrogation of eugenics’ influence on the construction of the modern built environment, Eugenics in the Garden convincingly demonstrates that race was the main tool in the geopolitics of space, and that racism was, and remains, an ideology of progress.

From Submarines to Suburbs

Cynthia Lee Henthorn
From Submarines to Suburbs Book PDF

Author : Cynthia Lee Henthorn
Publisher : Ohio University Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Advertising
ISBN : 9780821416778

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From Submarines to Suburbs by Cynthia Lee Henthorn Pdf

Using documentary evidence in the form of numerous advertisements of the time, From Submarines to Suburbs is a fascinating analysis of the way corporations made the successful switch from supporting the war effort to building on the peacetime prosperity by re-tooling the patriotic fervor of the home front.

Toward a Living Architecture?

Christina Cogdell
Toward a Living Architecture Book PDF

Author : Christina Cogdell
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2019-01-01
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781452958071

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Toward a Living Architecture? by Christina Cogdell Pdf

A bold and unprecedented look at a cutting-edge movement in architecture Toward a Living Architecture? is the first book-length critique of the emerging field of generative architecture and its nexus with computation, biology, and complexity. Starting from the assertion that we should take generative architects’ rhetoric of biology and sustainability seriously, Christina Cogdell examines their claims from the standpoints of the sciences they draw on—complex systems theory, evolutionary theory, genetics and epigenetics, and synthetic biology. She reveals significant disconnects while also pointing to approaches and projects with significant potential for further development. Arguing that architectural design today often only masquerades as sustainable, Cogdell demonstrates how the language of some cutting-edge practitioners and educators can mislead students and clients into thinking they are getting something biological when they are not. In a narrative that moves from the computational toward the biological and from current practice to visionary futures, Cogdell uses life-cycle analysis as a baseline for parsing the material, energetic, and pollution differences between different digital and biological design and construction approaches. Contrary to green-tech sustainability advocates, she questions whether quartzite-based silicon technologies and their reliance on rare earth metals as currently designed are sustainable for much longer, challenging common projections of a computationally designed and manufactured future. Moreover, in critiquing contemporary architecture and science from a historical vantage point, she reveals the similarities between eugenic design of the 1930s and the aims of some generative architects and engineering synthetic biologists today. Each chapter addresses a current architectural school or program while also exploring a distinct aspect of the corresponding scientific language, theory, or practice. No other book critiques generative architecture by evaluating its scientific rhetoric and disjunction from actual scientific theory and practice. Based on the author’s years of field research in architecture studios and biological labs, this rare, field-building book does no less than definitively, unsparingly explain the role of the natural sciences within contemporary architecture.

Disability Histories

Susan Burch,Michael Rembis
Disability Histories Book PDF

Author : Susan Burch,Michael Rembis
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2014-12-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780252096693

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Disability Histories by Susan Burch,Michael Rembis Pdf

The field of disability history continues to evolve rapidly. In this collection, Susan Burch and Michael Rembis present essays that integrate critical analysis of gender, race, historical context, and other factors to enrich and challenge the traditional modes of interpretation still dominating the field. Contributors delve into four critical areas of study within disability history: family, community, and daily life; cultural histories; the relationship between disabled people and the medical field; and issues of citizenship, belonging, and normalcy. As the first collection of its kind in over a decade, Disability Histories not only brings readers up to date on scholarship within the field but fosters the process of moving it beyond the U.S. and Western Europe by offering work on Africa, South America, and Asia. The result is a broad range of readings that open new vistas for investigation and study while encouraging scholars at all levels to redraw the boundaries that delineate who and what is considered of historical value. Informed and accessible, Disability Histories is essential for classrooms engaged in all facets of disability studies within and across disciplines.

The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics, 1927-1945

Hans-Walter Schmuhl
The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology Human Heredity and Eugenics 1927 1945 Book PDF

Author : Hans-Walter Schmuhl
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2008-01-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402066009

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The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics, 1927-1945 by Hans-Walter Schmuhl Pdf

When the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics opened its doors in 1927, it could rely on wide political approval. In 1933 the institute and its founding director Eugen Fischer came under pressure to adjust, which they were able to ward off through Selbstgleichschaltung (auto-coordination). The Third Reich brought about a mutual beneficial servicing of science and politics. With their research into hereditary health and racial policies the institute’s employees provided the Brownshirt rulers with legitimating grounds. This volume traces the history of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics between democracy and dictatorship. Attention is turned to the haunting transformation of the research program, the institute’s integration into the national and international science panorama, and its relationship to the ruling power. The volume also confronts the institute’s interconnection to the political crimes of Nazi Germany terminating in bestial medical crimes.

Darwin in Atlantic Cultures

Jeannette Eileen Jones,Patrick B. Sharp
Darwin in Atlantic Cultures Book PDF

Author : Jeannette Eileen Jones,Patrick B. Sharp
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2010-06-21
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9781135178734

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Darwin in Atlantic Cultures by Jeannette Eileen Jones,Patrick B. Sharp Pdf

This collection is an interdisciplinary edited volume that examines the circulation of Darwinian ideas in the Atlantic space as they impacted systems of Western thought and culture. Specifically, the book explores the influence of the principle tenets of Darwinism -- such as the theory of evolution, the ape-man theory of human origins, and the principle of sexual selection -- on established transatlantic intellectual traditions and cultural practices. In doing so, it pays particular attention to how Darwinism reconfigured discourses on race, gender, and sexuality in a transnational context. Covering the period from the publication of The Origin of Species (1859) to 1933, when the Nazis (National Socialist Party) took power in Germany, the essays demonstrate the dissemination of Darwinian thought in the Western world in an unprecedented commerce of ideas not seen since the Protestant Reformation. Learned societies, literary groups, lyceums, and churches among other sites for public discourse sponsored lectures on the implications of Darwin’s theory of evolution for understanding the very ontological codes by which individuals ordered and made sense of their lives. Collectively, these gatherings reflected and constituted what the contributing scholars to this volume view as the discursive power of the cultural politics of Darwinism.

The Oxford Handbook of Disability History

Michael Rembis,Catherine J. Kudlick,Kim Nielsen
The Oxford Handbook of Disability History Book PDF

Author : Michael Rembis,Catherine J. Kudlick,Kim Nielsen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 640 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2018-06-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190234966

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The Oxford Handbook of Disability History by Michael Rembis,Catherine J. Kudlick,Kim Nielsen Pdf

Disability history exists outside of the institutions, healers, and treatments it often brings to mind. It is a history where disabled people live not just as patients or cure-seekers, but rather as people living differently in the world--and it is also a history that helps define the fundamental concepts of identity, community, citizenship, and normality. The Oxford Handbook of Disability History is the first volume of its kind to represent this history and its global scale, from ancient Greece to British West Africa. The twenty-seven articles, written by thirty experts from across the field, capture the diversity and liveliness of this emerging scholarship. Whether discussing disability in modern Chinese cinema or on the American antebellum stage, this collection provides new and valuable insights into the rich and varied lives of disabled people across time and place.

Disability Politics in a Global Economy

Ravi Malhotra
Disability Politics in a Global Economy Book PDF

Author : Ravi Malhotra
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-15
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781317499725

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Disability Politics in a Global Economy by Ravi Malhotra Pdf

While the visibility of disability studies has increased in recent years, few have thoroughly examined the marginalization of people with disabilities through the lens of political economy. This was the great contribution of Marta Russell (1951-2013), an activist and prominent scholar in the United States and best known for her analyses of the issues faced by people with disabilities. This book examines the legacy of Marta Russell, bringing together distinguished scholars and activists such as Anne Finger, Nirmala Erevelles and Mark Weber, to explicate current issues relevant to the empowerment of people with disabilities. Drawing from various fields including Law, Political Economy, Education and History, the book takes a truly interdisciplinary approach, offering a body of work that develops a dextrous understanding of the marginalization of people with disabilities. The book will be of great use and interest to specialists and students in the fields of Political Economy, Law and Society, Labour Studies, Disability Studies, Women’s Studies, and Political Science.