Evaluating Indirect Ecological Effects Of Biological Control
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Evaluating Indirect Ecological Effects of Biological Control by E. Wajnberg,J. K. Scott,P. C. Quimby Pdf
Annotation. A major concern for biological control has always been the risk of indirect unwanted effects on the ecology of other organisms. Our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes underlying these effects has until now been limited, and experimental methods are sometimes lacking.This book presents the key papers form the first International Organization for Biological Control global symposium, held in Montpellier, France in October 1999. It addresses the issues and concerns involved in biological control, and assesses the current status of evaluation of the ecologicaleffects.
International Organization for Biological Control of Noxious Animals and Plants
Author : International Organization for Biological Control of Noxious Animals and Plants Publisher : Unknown Page : 79 pages File Size : 52,5 Mb Release : 1999 Category : Biological pest control agents ISBN : 9290671068
Environmental Pest Management by Moshe Coll,Eric Wajnberg Pdf
A wide-ranging, interdisciplinary exploration of key topics that interrelate pest management, public health and the environment This book takes a unique, multidimensional approach to addressing the complex issues surrounding pest management activities and their impacts on the environment and human health, and environmental effects on plant protection practices. It features contributions by a distinguished group of authors from ten countries, representing an array of disciplines. They include plant protection scientists and officers, economists, agronomists, ecologists, environmental and public health scientists and government policymakers. Over the course of eighteen chapters, those experts share their insights into and analyses of an array of issues of vital concern to everyone with a professional interest in this important subject. The adverse effects of pest control have become a subject of great concern worldwide, and researchers and enlightened policymakers have at last begun to appreciate the impact of environmental factors on our ability to manage pest populations. Moreover, while issues such as pesticide toxicity have dominated the global conversation about pest management, economic and societal considerations have been largely neglected. Environmental Pest Management: Challenges for Agronomists, Ecologists, Economists and Policymakers is the first work to provide in-depth coverage of all of these pressing issues between the covers of one book. Offers a unique multi-dimensional perspective on the complex issues surrounding pest management activities and their effect on the environment and human health Addresses growing concerns about specific pest management strategies, including the use of transgenic crops and biological controls Analyses the influence of global processes, such as climate change, biological invasions and shifts in consumer demand, and ecosystem services and disservices on pest suppression efforts Explores public health concerns regarding biodiversity, pesticide use and food safety Identifies key economic drivers of pest suppression research, strategies and technologies Proposes new regulatory approaches to create sustainable and viable crop protection systems in the framework of agro-environmental schemes Offering a timely and comprehensively-unique treatment of pest management and its environmental impacts in a single, inter-disciplinary volume, this book is a valuable resource for scientists in an array of disciplines, as well as government officials and policymakers. Also, teachers of undergraduate and graduate level courses in a variety of fields are sure to find it a highly useful teaching resource.
Trophic and Guild Interactions in Biological Control by Jacques Brodeur,Guy Boivin Pdf
This volume explores modern concepts of trophic and guild interactions among natural enemies in natural and agricultural ecosystems - a field that has become a hot topic in ecology and biological control over the past decade. It is the first book on trophic and guild interactions to make the link to biological control, and is compiled by internationally recognized scientists who have combined their expertise.
Environmental Impact of Invertebrates for Biological Control of Arthropods by Franz Bigler,Dirk Babendreier,Ulli Kuhlmann Pdf
This book provides an invaluable review of the current methodologies used for assessing the environmental impacts of invertebrate biological agents used to control pests in agriculture and forestry. It explores methods to evaluate post-release effects and the environmental impact of dispersal, displacement and establishment of invertebrate biological control agents.
Nontarget Effects of Biological Control by Peter A. Follett,Jian J. Duan Pdf
Nontarget Effects of Biological Control is the first book of its kind. The environmental safety of biological control has come under scrutiny due to several areas of concerns: the irreversibility of alien introductions, the prevalence of host switching to innocuous native or beneficial species, dispersal of the biocontrol agent to new habitats away from croplands, and the lack of research on the efficacy and impact of biocontrol attempts. The debate has been strongly polarized between conservationists and biological control practitioners. Nontarget Effects of Biological Control proposes that retrospective analyses of systems in place in which nontarget effects are now documented or suspected provide the necessary information for planning and evaluating future releases to reduce risk. The book presents case histories of past biological control introductions from island and continental ecosystems.
Biological Control by George E. Heimpel,Nicholas J. Mills Pdf
This book enhances our understanding of biological control, integrating historical analysis, theoretical models and case studies in an ecological framework.
Plant Sciences Reviews 2011 provides scientists and students in the field with timely analysis on key topics in current research. Originally published online in CAB Reviews, this volume makes available in printed form the reviews in plant sciences published during 2011.
Environmental Pest Management by Moshe Coll,Eric Wajnberg Pdf
A wide-ranging, interdisciplinary exploration of key topics that interrelate pest management, public health and the environment This book takes a unique, multidimensional approach to addressing the complex issues surrounding pest management activities and their impacts on the environment and human health, and environmental effects on plant protection practices. It features contributions by a distinguished group of authors from ten countries, representing an array of disciplines. They include plant protection scientists and officers, economists, agronomists, ecologists, environmental and public health scientists and government policymakers. Over the course of eighteen chapters, those experts share their insights into and analyses of an array of issues of vital concern to everyone with a professional interest in this important subject. The adverse effects of pest control have become a subject of great concern worldwide, and researchers and enlightened policymakers have at last begun to appreciate the impact of environmental factors on our ability to manage pest populations. Moreover, while issues such as pesticide toxicity have dominated the global conversation about pest management, economic and societal considerations have been largely neglected. Environmental Pest Management: Challenges for Agronomists, Ecologists, Economists and Policymakers is the first work to provide in-depth coverage of all of these pressing issues between the covers of one book. Offers a unique multi-dimensional perspective on the complex issues surrounding pest management activities and their effect on the environment and human health Addresses growing concerns about specific pest management strategies, including the use of transgenic crops and biological controls Analyses the influence of global processes, such as climate change, biological invasions and shifts in consumer demand, and ecosystem services and disservices on pest suppression efforts Explores public health concerns regarding biodiversity, pesticide use and food safety Identifies key economic drivers of pest suppression research, strategies and technologies Proposes new regulatory approaches to create sustainable and viable crop protection systems in the framework of agro-environmental schemes Offering a timely and comprehensively-unique treatment of pest management and its environmental impacts in a single, inter-disciplinary volume, this book is a valuable resource for scientists in an array of disciplines, as well as government officials and policymakers. Also, teachers of undergraduate and graduate level courses in a variety of fields are sure to find it a highly useful teaching resource.
Roy van Driesche,Daniel Simberloff,Bernd Blossey,Charlotte Causton,Mark Hoddle,Christian O. Marks,Kevin M. Heinz,David L. Wagner,Keith D. Warner
Author : Roy van Driesche,Daniel Simberloff,Bernd Blossey,Charlotte Causton,Mark Hoddle,Christian O. Marks,Kevin M. Heinz,David L. Wagner,Keith D. Warner Publisher : John Wiley & Sons Page : 360 pages File Size : 45,7 Mb Release : 2016-05-17 Category : Science ISBN : 9781118392577
Integrating Biological Control into Conservation Practice by Roy van Driesche,Daniel Simberloff,Bernd Blossey,Charlotte Causton,Mark Hoddle,Christian O. Marks,Kevin M. Heinz,David L. Wagner,Keith D. Warner Pdf
Invasive species have a critical and growing effect upon natural areas. They can modify, degrade, or destroy wildland ecosystem structure and function, and reduce native biodiversity. Landscape-level solutions are needed to address these problems. Conservation biologists seek to limit such damage and restore ecosystems using a variety of approaches. One such approach is biological control: the deliberate importation and establishment of specialized natural enemies, which can address invasive species problems and which should be considered as a possible component of restoration. Biological control can be an effective tool against many invasive insects and plants but it has rarely been successfully employed against other groups. Safety is of paramount concern and requires that the natural enemies used be specialized and that targeted pests be drivers of ecological degradation. While modern approaches allow species to be selected with a high level of security, some risks do remain. However, as in all species introductions, these should be viewed in the context of the risk of failing to reduce the impact of the invasive species. This unique book identifies the balance among these factors to show how biological control can be integrated into ecosystem restoration as practiced by conservation biologists. Jointly developed by conservation biologists and biological control scientists, it contains chapters on matching tools to management goals; tools in action; measuring and evaluating ecological outcomes of biological control introductions; managing conflict over biological control; and includes case studies as well as an ethical framework for integrating biological control and conservation practice. Integrating Biological Control into Conservation Practice is suitable for graduate courses in invasive species management and biological control, as well as for research scientists in government and non-profit conservation organizations.
Conservation Biological Control by Pedro Barbosa Pdf
Chapter 1: Conservation Biological Control: Past, Present, and Future. Introduction. Historical Development. Current Situationin. Challenges for the Future. Concluding Remarks. Chapter 2: Conservation Biology: Lessons for Conserving Natural Enemies. Introduction. Lessons from Conservation Biology. a) Habitat Loss, Fragmentation, Isoiation, and Degradation and Species Extinction. b) Locally and Ecologically Extinct Species. c) Disturbance and Biodiversity: Influence of Scale, Intensity, and the Frequency of Disturbance Regimes. d) Spatiai Fragmentation, Species Richness, and the Fate of Species in a Habitat. e) Functional Populations and Communities: Maintenance of Subpopulations and Habitat Patches as Source Pools for Recolonization. f) Conservation by Preservation and Enhancement of Biodiversity: Active Pograms of Ecological Restoration of Habitat Quality. Conclusion: Conservation Biological Control, Policy, and Changing Perspectives. Chapter 3: Agroecosystems and Conservation Biological Control. Introduction. The Nature of Managed Habitats and its Impact on Conservation Biological Control. The Nature of the Herbivore Communities and its Impact on Conservation Biological Control. The Nature of the Natural Enemy Community and its Impact on Conservation Biological Control Chapter 4: The Influence of Plants on Insect Parasitoids: Implications for Conservation Biological Control. Introduction. Influence of Plant Patch Structure and Diversity (inter- and intrapatch traits). a) Influences of the Size, Number, and Shape of Plant Patches. b) Size and Shape of Plants in Patches. c) Plant Taxonomic Diversity. d) Physical Plant and Chemical Signals with in Patches. Influence of Single Plants on with in Plant Parasitoid Responses and Survival. a) Sources of Food. b) Chemical Cues and Barriers to Searching Parasitoids. c) Chemical Cues and Barriers to Developing Parasitoids. d) Indirect Effects of Plant Quality. e) Physical Features of Plants. f) Morphology of Plants and Microclimate. Conclusions: Constraints and Opportunities. Chapter 5: Influence of Plants on Invertebrate Predators: Implications to Conservation Biological Control. Introduction. Plant Morphology and Chemistry a) Plant Chemical Cues. b) Influence of Plant Morphology. Plant Species Diversity in and Around Agroecosystems a) Consequences of Plant Species Diversity. b) Consequences of Differences in Plant Quality. Conclusions. Chapter 6: Ecologlcal Considerations in the Conservation of Effective Parasitoid Communities in Agricultural Systems. Introduction. Disturbance Regimes in Unmanaged and Agricultural Systems. a) Crop Scale Disturbance Regimes and Parasitoids. b) Farm-level Disturbance Regimes and Parasitoids. c) Landscape-level Disturbance Regimes and Parasitoids. Parasitoid Metapopulations in Agricultural Systems. Parasitoid Community Dynamics in Agricultural Systems. Conclusions. Chapter 7: Habitat Enhancement and Conservation of Natural Enemies of Insects. Introduction. Agricultural Landscape Mosaics. Identifying Essential Resources: Bases for Habitat Modification. Conclusions . a) Landscape Perspective. b) Actions with in an IPM Context: Benefits and Constraints. Chapter 8: Sown weed strips: Artificial Ecologlcal Compensation. Areas as an Important tool in Conservation Biological Control. Introduction. How to Create Sown Weed Strips. Enhancing Diversity of Beneficials. a) Spiders. b) Ground Beetles. Herbivores: Promoting Biodiversity, but not of Pests. a) Aphids. b) Phytophagous Beetles. c)other herbivores. mechanisms. a) additional hibemation sites. b) increased Perforrnance and Fitness of Predators and Parasitoids. Conclusions. Chapter 9: Habitat Manipulation and Natural Enemy Efficiency: Implications for the Control of Pests. Introduction. Ecological Principles Gulding Habitat Manipulation. A) Diversity and Stability B) The "Enemies Hypothesis" . C) Bionomic Strategies. Practical Considerations in Habitat Manipulation. A) Choice of Crap Systems for Habitat Manipulation . b) Choice of Habitat Manipulation Strategy. C) Spatial Considerations in Habitat Manipulation . Integration of Habitat Manipulation with other Pest Management Techniques. Conclusions. Chapter 10: Naturally Occurring Biological Controls in Genetically Engineered Crops. Introduction and Overview. Genetic Engineering for Insect Resistance. A) Direct Effects on Biological Control Agents. B) Indirect Effects on Biological Control Agents. C) Impact on Population-Level Food Web Interactions. D) Conservation of Biological Control Agents and Resistance Management. Genetic Engineering for Improved Horticultural Characteristics. A) Impraved Tolerance of Pest Damage. B) Altered Plant Architecture. C) Altered Plant Surfaces. D)Expanded Range of Growing Conditions. Conservation Biological Control and Marketing Genetically Engineered Crops. Chapter 11: Pesticides and Conservation of Natural Enemies. Introduction. Effects of Pesticides on Natural Enemies. A) Evaluating the Effects of Pesticides on Natural Enemies. B) Pesticide Selectivity. Relative Roles of Pesticides and Natural Enemies in IPM. A) Integrating Pesticides and Natural Enemies Conclusion. Chapter 12: Conservation Biological Control of Mobile Pests: Problems and Tactics. Introduction. Effective Natural Enemies of Mobile Pests. A) Mobile Natural Enemies.B) Habitat Shifts by Natural Enemies of Mobile Pests. Conserving Natural Enemies of Mobile Pests. Conclusions. Chapter 15: Deployment of the Predaceous ants and their Conservation in Agroecosystems. Introduction. Examples of the Deployment of Ants for Biologlcal Control. A) Ants for the Control of Cocoa (theobroma cacao l.) Pests. B) Oecophylla Species for the Control of Tree Crop Pests in Asia and Africa.. C) Conservation and Deployment of Pheidole megacephala in Cuba. The Role of Ants as Natural Biologlcal Control Agents. A)"Milpas" in Central America. B) Ants as Natural Biological Controls of Cotton Pests. Drawing Generalizations from the Examples. A) Perennial Versus Annual Cropping Systems. B) Ant-Homopteran Mutualism. C) Good Versus Bad Ants. D) The Ant Community. E) Habitat Manipulation for the Conservation of Ants. The Interface Between Agroecology and Conservation Biology. Chapter 16: Conservation of Aphidophaga in Pecan Orchards. Introduction. A) Pecan Culture. B)Pecan Insect Control. Pecan Aphid Biology and Control. Natural Enemies of Pecan Aphids. Conserving Natural Enemies of Pecan Insects. Enhancement Techniques in Pecan Orchards. Discussion. Chapter 17: Conservation Biological Control of Spider Mites in Perennial Cropping Systems. Introduction. Successful Mite Biological Control in Perennial Cropping Systems. Patterns of Mite Predator-prey Dynamics in Newyorkapples. Generalizations and Future Research. A) Characteristics that may Enhance Persistence traits of Phytoseiids. B) Characteristics That May Enhance Persistence traits of the Host Plant. C) Establishing and Fostering Phytoseiid Mites in Perennial Systems. Summary. Chapter 18: Conserving Epiphytic Microorganisms on Fruits and Vegetables for Biological Control. Introduction. Defining Biological Control Systems. The Postharvest Environment: Opportunities for Biological Control. Multifaceted Biological Control. Conserving and Promoting Naturally. Occurring Epiphytic Antagonists: An IPM Perspective. A) Pesticides. B) Cultural Practices. Environmental Effects on Epiphytic Microorganisms. Genetic Control of the Antagonists Environment. The Road not Traveled: Epilogue. Chapter 19: Biological Control of Soil-Borne Pathogens with Resident Versus Introduced Antagonists: Should Diverging Approaches Become Strategic Convergence? Introduction. The Bases of Biological Control of Soil-Borne Pathogens. A) The Nature of Current Practices in the Bioliogical Control of Soil-Borne Pathogens. B) The Nature of Current Agents used in the Bioliogical Control of Soil-Borne Pathogens. c) The Mode of Action of Bioliogical Control Agents of Soil-Borne Pathogens. The Complexity of the Environment and Interactions Therein. A Way to Sort out and Understand Multivariate Complexity: the use of Mathematical Models. Fluorescent Pseudomonads and Biological Control; Inunda tive Release or Manipulation of the Environment: the different Approaches. A) Inundative Release: use of Single Antagonistic Strains. B) Manipulating the Environment: Pseudomonads as a Population and Multifactorial Analiysis. conclusion . Chapter 20: Conservation Strategies for the Biological Control of Weeds. Introduction. Factors that Limit the Success of Weed Biological Control Agents.A) Factors that Regulate Control Agent Populations. B) Factors that Determine Effectiveness of Agent Populations. Conservation and use of Native Biological Control Agents. Conclusions and Recommendations.
From Biological Control to Invasion: the Ladybird Harmonia axyridis as a Model Species by Helen E. Roy,Eric Wajnberg Pdf
Harmonia axyridis has been described as the “most invasive ladybird on Earth”. It has a long history of use as a classical biological control agent in the USA and more recently in Europe. This beetle has been effective at controlling pest insects in a variety of crop systems but it poses unacceptable risks by impacting on non-target species as both an intraguild predator and competitor. Written by renowned scientists, this book is a synthesis of recent research on H. axyridis and provides informative insights into current perspectives and future directions. Biological control is an essential component of sustainable agriculture but the distinction between a successful biological control agent and an invasive species can be narrow. We hope that lessons can be learnt from H. axyridis.
Biological Control: Global Impacts, Challenges and Future Directions of Pest Management provides a historical summary of organisms and main strategies used in biological control, as well as the key challenges confronting biological control in the 21st century. Biological control has been implemented for millennia, initially practised by growers moving beneficial species from one local area to another. Today, biological control has evolved into a formal science that provides ecosystem services to protect the environment and the resources used by humanity. With contributions from dedicated scientists and practitioners from around the world, this comprehensive book highlights important successes, failures and challenges in biological control efforts. It advocates that biological control must be viewed as a global endeavour and provides suggestions to move practices forward in a changing world. Biological Control is an invaluable resource for conservation specialists, pest management practitioners and those who research invasive species, as well as students studying pest management science.
Environmental Impacts of Microbial Insecticides by Heikki M.T. Hokkanen,Ann Hajek Pdf
Biological pesticides are increasingly finding therr place in IPM and increasing numbers of products are making therr way to the marketplace. Particularly in China, Latin America and Australia, implementation is proceeding on a large scale. However, in the USA and Europe, registration procedures for insect pathogens to be used for insect control have been established that requrre low levels of risk, resulting in costs of retarding the implementation of microbial agents. This book provides a review of the state of the art of studies on the envrronmental impact of microbial insecticides. It originates from a Society for Invertebrate Pathology Microbial Control Division Symposium .. Assessment of envrronmental safety of biological insecticides", organised in collaboration with the EU-ERBIC research project (FAIR5-CT97-3489). This symposium was initiated by Heikki Hokkanen and Chris Lomer, and was held at the SIP Annual Meeting in 2001 in The Netherlands. The emphasis in this book is on large scale use of microbial agents for insect control, demonstrating how this use has been proceeding with minimal envrron mental impact. This book is intended to be of use to regulatory authorities in determining whether further studies in eertain areas are necessary and how to conduct them if needed, or whether sufficient information has been collected already to permit fuH registration of many of these biological control agents.
