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Author : California Academic Press LLC, The
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1891557769
Author : Zachary Seech
Publisher : Cengage Learning
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Disposition (Philosophy)
ISBN : 0534613489
Analyze your own thought process with OPEN MINDS AND EVERYDAY REASONING! Structured around clear, compelling questions, such as "Do I have an open mind?" "Am I being clear?" and "Is my reasoning good?," this philosophy text prepares you to make difficult decisions in life. Each chapter contains concluding practice activities and exercises to help you master the material.
Author : George Price Hays
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1877
Category : Induction (Logic)
ISBN : MINN:31951002002407L
Author : George Jacob Holyoake
Publisher : Good Press
Page : 109 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2019-12-03
Category : Fiction
ISBN : EAN:4057664579041
In 'A Logic of Facts; Or, Every-day Reasoning', George Jacob Holyoake addresses the need for practical reasoning in daily life, as opposed to the complex logic taught in schools. He argues that popular reasoning can only be corrected by making reasoning intelligible to the masses. Holyoake's work provides general rules and elementary remarks to help the uninitiated understand and apply logical thinking to their lives. He aims to help the illiterate and uneducated systematize their natural good sense and reduce it to rule and order, to give them power and develop their capacity.
Author : George Jacob Holyoake
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1866
Category : Logic
ISBN : UOM:39015063524220
Author : Uli Windisch
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1990-05-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780521354387
This book examines the nature and operation of social thought and language as used in everyday life, and looks at social thinking through the complex patternings and functions of discourse. It is based on extensive empirical evidence about the language of contemporary racism and nationalism, drawn from the vast corpus of the discourse of Swiss racism gathered by the author from a variety of written and spoken sources. Three principal investigations, of sociocentrism, causality and the perception of time, are used to sinuate and define the nature and working of everyday speech and reasoning. First published in English in 1990, Speech and Reasoning in Everyday Life is a major contribution to the analysis of the discourse of contemporary ideology and politics. Its theoretical contribution makes this work richly deserving of an introduction to an English-speaking audience of sociologists, social psychologists and anthropologists.
Author : András Veszelka
Publisher : Pellea Humán Kutató és Fejlesztő Bt.
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2014-07-04
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9789630894630
The interpretation of the ‘if P then Q’ conditional statement is a central element in most logical systems. It largely shapes how these logical systems function. It is well known that, although attempts have been made, logical systems are principally unable to encapsulate how people reason in everyday life. This is mainly due to the discrepancies between the logical abstractions of the conditional statement and its everyday interpretation. Among other things, this makes it difficult to design artificial intelligence based on the abstract rules of logic. However, the ancient logicians who first defined the traditional interpretation of the conditional erroneously took into account more propositions than were actually being denoted. They characterised the ‘if P (or R) then Q’ relationship in place of the ‘if P then Q’ relationship. In relation to this, they also committed the error of leaving the context undenoted, which led to an unnatural interpretation of logical truth and logical necessity. This mistaken interpretation is still predominant today and can also be found in several mathematical logics, such as in propositional logic, even though mathematical logics were allegedly created independently of the ancient Greco-Roman logic. Fixing these problems reveals that the correct interpretation of the conditional statement is the equivalence/biconditional. This equivalent interpretation is interpreted by logicians as one of the most common everyday fallacies. Yet looking back on how the conditional statement was actually abstracted in the antiquity, it is evident that people were right and logicians were mistaken. Although the almost 50-year-old experimental psychological literature on the conditional did not confirm this common everyday tendency towards the biconditional interpretation, these findings are merely the result of unsystematic research. Running some of the long missing experiments leads the main experimental tasks to reveal overall the basic biconditional inferences. The approach presented in this book also resolves such dilemmas as the Wason’s abstract selection task, the paradox of the conditional statement and the Raven paradox. It is also shown here that the probabilistic interpretation of the conditional statement is not in conflict with this basic equivalent/biconditional interpretation. The approach is described in this book as the simplest possible non-monotonic logic, and pragmatic inferences, context effects, counterfactuals, possible world semantics and psychologism are also discussed. Since the conditional statement is equivalent to the universal affirmative statement in syllogisms, it is plausible to observe that fixing this same error in syllogisms also makes them compatible with people's actual inferences. Even the normally ambiguous Euler circles become an excellent tool to depict how this updated logic functions. Finally, with this new approach, the root of learning processes is inherently embedded into the logical abstraction of the conditional/universal affirmative statement, and hence, into logic in general. Therefore, this simple logic, presented in a non-technical way, has the potential to bring both human reasoning and learning under the umbrella of the same abstract system. This might be beneficial both for formalising psychology and for creating artificial intelligence.
Author : James F. Voss,David N. Perkins,Judith W. Segal
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 518 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2012-11-12
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781136463525
Based on extensive reasoning acquisition research, this volume provides theoretical and empirical considerations of the reasoning that occurs during the course of everyday personal and professional activities. Of particular interest is the text's focus on the question of how such reasoning takes place during school activities and how students acquire reasoning skills.
Author : Seech
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1993-01-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0534178812
Author : Stanley Woll
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 729 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2001-07-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135693787
Appropriate as a textbook for courses in cognitive psychology or social cognition, Everyday Thinking reviews the rapidly growing literature on cognition in naturalistic settings. It differs from other textbooks in that, where possible, it focuses on thinking in real-world settings rather than in controlled laboratory settings and provides detailed treatments of each of the following topics: * how we form impressions of and represent persons in memory; * how we recognize and represent faces; * how we reason in our day-to-day lives and go about solving everyday problems; * how we make judgments and decisions; * how we encode memories of events--both for future action and for our own life histories; and * what are some of the implications of everyday knowledge and cognition for education and instruction. This book presents the theoretical positions and research evidence on each of these topics and examines the generally unexplored connections among them. As a result, this book presents the study of cognition in a more relevant form and in a context that readers can more readily apply to their own lives.
Author : Evelyn M. Barker
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0132933993
Author : Stanley Woll
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 643 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2001-07
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135693794
This comprhnsve yet accssible txt brngs togethr key resrch and theory in a soc cog and applied cog psych to prvide a thorough grndg in these incrsingly poplar areas. Suitble txt for upper-level undergrads and a refrnce for graduate-level readers alike.
Author : Dr. V V Rampal
Publisher : AuthorHouse
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2012-07-26
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781477219027
The articles in this book are not thematically sequential but a record of thoughts that came from day to day. They are, however, scattered around the core of religion and rationality. You may find a few spots concerned with humanism and science. Some thoughts are short and some spilling over to more than a page or two. It is more in the format of a diary than a detailed discussion on one theme. They represent a freethinking. Many may disagree with them, but that is what constitutes variety in thought.
Author : University of the State of New York. Division of Secondary Education
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1947
Category : Logic
ISBN : UIUC:30112045370142
Author : George Jacob Holyoake
Publisher : Forgotten Books
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2015-06-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1330116526
Excerpt from A Logic of Facts: Or Everyday Reasoning The Logic of the Schools, however indispensable in its place, fails to meet half the common want in daily life. The Logic of the Schools begins with the management of the premises of an argument; there is, however, a more practical lesson to be learned in beginning with the premises themselves. A thousand errors arise through the assumption of premises for one arising in the misplacement of terms. The Logic of the Schools is an elaborate attack upon the lesser evil. Sir James Mackintosh has remarked that 'Popular reason can alone correct popular sophistry' - and it is in vain that we expect amendment in the reasoning of the multitude, unless we make reasoning intelligible to the multitude. As to my object, could I, like Gridiron-Cobbett, adopt a symbol of it, I would have engraved Æsop's 'Old Man and his Ass,' who, in a vain attempt to please everybody, failed (like his disciples - for even he has disciples) to please anybody. The folly of that superfluously philanthropic old gentleman should teach us proportion of purpose. To be of real service to some is in the compass of individual capacity, and, consequently, the true way of serving, if not of pleasing all. The republic of literature, like society, has its aristocratic, its middle, and its lower classes. No one has combined, in one performance, the refinement applauded in the universities, with the practical purpose, popular among those who toil to live, and live to toil. The populace are my choice - of them I am one, and, like a recent premier, Earl Grey, am disposed 'to stand by my order.' About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.