Evidence On Trends In Wellbeing Of Rural Ethiopian Households During The Covid 19 Pandemic

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Evidence on trends in wellbeing of rural Ethiopian households during the COVID-19 pandemic

Alderman, Harold,Gilligan, Daniel O.,Hidrobo, Melissa,Leight, Jessica,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum,Tambet, Heleene
Evidence on trends in wellbeing of rural Ethiopian households during the COVID 19 pandemic Book PDF

Author : Alderman, Harold,Gilligan, Daniel O.,Hidrobo, Melissa,Leight, Jessica,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum,Tambet, Heleene
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 18 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Evidence on trends in wellbeing of rural Ethiopian households during the COVID-19 pandemic by Alderman, Harold,Gilligan, Daniel O.,Hidrobo, Melissa,Leight, Jessica,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum,Tambet, Heleene Pdf

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a significant threat to public health throughout most of the world as the coronavirus continues to spread, mostly unchecked by limited availability of vaccines, and largescale surges in cases are fed by new variants of the virus. In Ethiopia, surges in COVID-19 cases after months of apparently low levels of infection have periodically required renewed restrictions locally to control the spread of the virus. Thus, it is necessary to review available date to understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on households in Ethiopia, and particularly on the poorest households, who are more vulnerable to protracted effects of the virus and associated restrictions on activity as a result of their limited resources. We present results of two rounds of a phone survey, conducted in June and August 2020, respectively, of around 1,200 rural households. All households in the sample are beneficiaries of the fourth phase of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP4) and also participate in the USAID-funded Strengthening PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR) project, implemented by World Vision, CARE and ORDA in North Wollo and Wag Himra zones in Amhara, and primarily in East and West Hararghe zones in Oromia. The targeted phone survey respondents were adult males from sample households in IFPRI’s experimental impact evaluation of SPIR who provided a phone number during the 2019 midline survey. This is a subsample of the broader SPIR evaluation sample as 33% of households provided a phone number and thus were eligible for inclusion in the phone survey. Available evidence suggests that households who provided a phone number are characterized by higher socioeconomic status vis-à-vis other SPIR households in the study sample who did not provide a phone number. However, as all households in the phone survey are SPIR beneficiaries, they are still relatively poor in the broader context of rural Ethiopia. We report evidence from the two survey rounds on coronavirus awareness and protective measures taken; changes in livelihoods, including crop production and livestock raising; access to and utilization of markets; changes in food consumption and food security; experience with desert locusts and fall armyworms; and exposure to public programming.

Short-term evidence on wellbeing of rural Ethiopian households during the COVID-19 pandemic

Alderman, Harold,Gilligan, Daniel,Hidrobo, Melissa,Leight, Jessica,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum,Tambet, Heleene
Short term evidence on wellbeing of rural Ethiopian households during the COVID 19 pandemic Book PDF

Author : Alderman, Harold,Gilligan, Daniel,Hidrobo, Melissa,Leight, Jessica,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum,Tambet, Heleene
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 10 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2020-08-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Short-term evidence on wellbeing of rural Ethiopian households during the COVID-19 pandemic by Alderman, Harold,Gilligan, Daniel,Hidrobo, Melissa,Leight, Jessica,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum,Tambet, Heleene Pdf

In Ethiopia, as in much of sub-Saharan Africa, the first known case of coronavirus arrived in mid-March (on March 13, 2020), weeks after the pandemic had spread rapidly in parts of Europe and the United States. The government swiftly imposed restrictions to slow the spread of the virus, closing schools (on March 16, 2020), limiting travel and encouraging people to remain at home. Such restrictions were needed to keep the pandemic from overwhelming a healthcare system with limited capacity to respond to an infectious disease outbreak. Only limited information is available about the effect of these restrictions on economic activity, food security and livelihoods in Ethiopia. A survey of residents of Addis Ababa conducted in May 2020 found that more than half of households reported lower-than-expected incomes and more than one third were extremely stressed about the situation. These results further showed that poorer households were more severely affected, although the food security situation in Addis, while declining, was not yet dire.

COVID-19 prevention measures in Ethiopia: Current realities and prospects

Baye, Kaleab
COVID 19 prevention measures in Ethiopia Current realities and prospects Book PDF

Author : Baye, Kaleab
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2020-05-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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COVID-19 prevention measures in Ethiopia: Current realities and prospects by Baye, Kaleab Pdf

Immediately after the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Ethiopia in March 2020, the Government of Ethiopia took several public health measures to prevent increased levels of infection These included closing all schools and restricting large gatherings and movements of people. Hand-washing and social distancing were the main prevention measures that government has communicated to the general public through various media platforms. Using the latest round of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, COVID-19 relevant indicators related to household access to communication platforms; access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH); and characteristics of the home environment were assessed. The analysis shows that a sizeable proportion of the rural population does not have access to the media platforms used to publicize COVID-19 prevention measures. Moreover, without aggressive interventions, current levels of access to water and soap are suboptimal to adopt the hand-washing recommendations, particularly in rural areas. The low proportion of households with electricity, refrigeration, or internet connection and the relatively high prevalence of partner violence suggest that implementing the stay and work from home measures will be challenging. Public health measures that slow down the transmission of the virus should be continued and efforts to prevent transmission to rural areas should be prioritized. Communication platforms and messaging will need to be adapted to different local realities to make any COVID-19 containment recommendations operational. WASH-related support should be ramped-up, and addressing barriers to staying at home, such as the risk of partner violence, should be considered. The efforts needed to end the current pandemic in Ethiopia, as well as similar pandemics in the future, illuminates the serious challenges related to WASH and to the inequalities between rural and urban areas that need urgent attention.

Economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: A review of phone survey evidence

Hirvonen, Kalle
Economic impacts of COVID 19 pandemic in Ethiopia A review of phone survey evidence Book PDF

Author : Hirvonen, Kalle
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 15 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2020-08-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: A review of phone survey evidence by Hirvonen, Kalle Pdf

As in most low and middle-income countries, the paucity of timely economic data in Ethiopia makes it difficult to understand the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. To mitigate this, several organizations have launched phone surveys to gather more information about the crisis. This research report reviews the available phone survey evidence as of mid-August 2020 and identifies knowledge gaps. First, the available evidence suggest that the pandemic has not led to unusually large increases in food prices. However, a case study in the vegetable sector suggests that price dynamics are highly context and crop specific, calling for more comprehensive price monitoring to identify food value chains and areas where food price increases may have been unusually rapid. Second, employment losses have concentrated on informal sector workers while redundancies in the formal sector have been less significant. Third, there is considerable uncertainty about the income, poverty, and food security implications of this crisis. While most households report income losses, the qualitative and subjective nature of these questions meanthat the magnitudes of these losses are unknown. In Addis Ababa, less subjective food security measures indicate only small negative changes in household food and nutrition security. Finally, due to limited access to mobile phones in rural areas, we have imperfect and incomplete information on how this crisis is affecting rural households.

Transforming rural Africa

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Transforming rural Africa Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2024-03-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789251385456

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Transforming rural Africa by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

The UN Decade of Family Farming (2019-2028) acknowledges the importance of inclusive rural communication services (RCS) to advance economic, environmental and social dimensions of family farming. Focusing on Africa, this study examines the role of RCS in rural transformation and family farming and provides insights for the region. Through case studies and a review of media and ICT trends and policies, it highlights the need for participatory, farmer-centred communication approaches and responsive delivery mechanisms aligned with local socioeconomic realities. The study concludes with recommendations for embedding RCS into national policies, thereby opening new development opportunities for family farmers and rural communities in the Africa region.

Food Security: Sustainability and Accessibility

Sumit Chakravarty,Arun Jyoti Nath,Gopal Shukla
Food Security Sustainability and Accessibility Book PDF

Author : Sumit Chakravarty,Arun Jyoti Nath,Gopal Shukla
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2024-01-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9782832542842

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Food Security: Sustainability and Accessibility by Sumit Chakravarty,Arun Jyoti Nath,Gopal Shukla Pdf

Food security satisfies people’s dietary needs by ensuring physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food. Nowadays, food security is of prime importance; because not only does it overcomes hunger, poverty and malnutrition, but it also determines the national security and political and economic sovereignty of states. However, according to the FAO report (2021), 2.37 billion people (nearly one in three people) in the world did not have adequate food availability in 2020. The green revolution created an era of extraordinary food production worldwide, but agriculture-oriented developing countries face adverse impacts such as loss of ecosystem quality and biodiversity and environmental degradation. Besides, several challenges such as population growth, pollution, natural resource depletion, agricultural land conversions and climate change are further developing concerns in achieving food security.

Food and nutrition security in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia during COVID-19 pandemic: June 2020 report

Abate, Gashaw T.,de Brauw, Alan,Hirvonen, Kalle
Food and nutrition security in Addis Ababa Ethiopia during COVID 19 pandemic June 2020 report Book PDF

Author : Abate, Gashaw T.,de Brauw, Alan,Hirvonen, Kalle
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Food and nutrition security in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia during COVID-19 pandemic: June 2020 report by Abate, Gashaw T.,de Brauw, Alan,Hirvonen, Kalle Pdf

In early June 2020, we called by telephone a representative sample of nearly 600 households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to assess income changes and household food and nutrition security status during the COVID-19 pandemic (survey period covering May). This was the second administration of a COVID-19 related survey to these households, following an initial survey conducted in early May 2020 covering the situation of the survey households in April. More than two-third of the households indicated in the second survey that their incomes were lower than expected (up from 58 percent in April) and 45 percent reported that they are extremely stressed about the situation (up from 35 percent in April). Using a pre-pandemic wealth index, we find that less-wealthy households were considerably more likely to report income losses and high stress levels than were wealthier households. Compared to a period just before the pandemic (January and February 2020), indicators measuring food security have significantly worsened but have remained the same since April. During the pandemic, households are less and less frequently consuming relatively more expensive but nutritionally richer foods, such as fruit and dairy products. However, overall food security status in Addis Ababa is not yet alarming, possibly because many households have been able to use their savings to buffer food consumption. As the pandemic is still in an early stage in Ethiopia, it is likely that these savings will not last throughout the pandemic, calling for a rapid scale-up of existing support programs.

Impacts of COVID-19 on food security: Panel data evidence from Nigeria

Amare, Mulubrhan,Abay, Kibrom A.,Tiberti, Luca,Chamberlin, Jordan
Impacts of COVID 19 on food security Panel data evidence from Nigeria Book PDF

Author : Amare, Mulubrhan,Abay, Kibrom A.,Tiberti, Luca,Chamberlin, Jordan
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2020-08-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Impacts of COVID-19 on food security: Panel data evidence from Nigeria by Amare, Mulubrhan,Abay, Kibrom A.,Tiberti, Luca,Chamberlin, Jordan Pdf

This paper combines pre-pandemic face-to-face survey data with follow up phone surveys collected in April-May 2020 to quantify the overall and differential impacts of COVID-19 on household food security, labor market participation and local food prices in Nigeria. We exploit spatial variation in exposure to COVID-19 related infections and lockdown measures along with temporal differences in our outcomes of interest using a difference-in-difference approach. We find that those households exposed to higher COVID-19 cases or mobility lockdowns experience a significant increase in measures of food insecurity. Examining possible transmission channels for this effect, we find that COVID-19 significantly reduces labor market participation and increases food prices. We find that impacts differ by economic activities and households. For instance, lockdown measures increased households' experience of food insecurity by 12 percentage points and reduced the probability of participation in non-farm business activities by 13 percentage points. These lockdown measures have smaller impacts on wage-related activities and farming activities. In terms of food security, households relying on non-farm businesses, poorer households, those with school-aged children, and those living in remote and conflicted-affected zones have experienced relatively larger deteriorations in food insecurity. These findings can help inform immediate and medium-term policy responses, including social protection policies aiming at ameliorating the impacts of the pandemic, as well as guide targeting strategies of governments and international donor agencies by identifying the most impacted sub-populations.

Global food policy report 2023: Rethinking food crisis responses

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Global food policy report 2023 Rethinking food crisis responses Book PDF

Author : International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2023-04-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Global food policy report 2023: Rethinking food crisis responses by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Pdf

This decade has been marked by multiple, often overlapping, crises. The COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters, and the ongoing war in Ukraine have all threatened the fabric of our global food systems. But opportunities can be found amid crises, and the world’s food systems have demonstrated surprising resilience. With new evidence on what works, now is the time to rethink how we address food crises. Better prediction, preparation, and resilience building can make future crises less common and less devastating, and improved responses can contribute to greater food security, better nutrition, and sustainable livelihoods.

COVID-19 and global food security: Two years later

McDermott, John,Swinnen, Johan
COVID 19 and global food security Two years later Book PDF

Author : McDermott, John,Swinnen, Johan
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2022-03-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780896294226

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COVID-19 and global food security: Two years later by McDermott, John,Swinnen, Johan Pdf

Two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the health, economic, and social disruptions caused by this global crisis continue to evolve. The impacts of the pandemic are likely to endure for years to come, with poor, marginalized, and vulnerable groups the most affected. In COVID-19 & Global Food Security: Two Years Later, the editors bring together contributions from new IFPRI research, blogs, and the CGIAR COVID-19 Hub to examine the pandemic’s effects on poverty, food security, nutrition, and health around the world. This volume presents key lessons learned on food security and food system resilience in 2020 and 2021 and assesses the effectiveness of policy responses to the crisis. Looking forward, the authors consider how the pandemic experience can inform both recovery and longer-term efforts to build more resilient food systems.

Global Trends 2040

National Intelligence Council
Global Trends 2040 Book PDF

Author : National Intelligence Council
Publisher : Cosimo Reports
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1646794974

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Global Trends 2040 by National Intelligence Council Pdf

"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

Between a rock and a hard place

Nicol, Alan,Abdoubaetova, A.,Wolters, A.,Kharel, A.,Murzakolova, A.,Gebreyesus, A.,Lucasenco, E.,Chen, F.,Sugden, F.,Sterly, H.,Kuznetsova, I.,Masotti, M.,Vittuari, M.,Dessalegn, Mengistu,Aderghal, M.,Phalkey, N.,Sakdapolrak, P.,Mollinga, P.,Mogilevskii, R.,Naruchaikusol, S.
Between a rock and a hard place Book PDF

Author : Nicol, Alan,Abdoubaetova, A.,Wolters, A.,Kharel, A.,Murzakolova, A.,Gebreyesus, A.,Lucasenco, E.,Chen, F.,Sugden, F.,Sterly, H.,Kuznetsova, I.,Masotti, M.,Vittuari, M.,Dessalegn, Mengistu,Aderghal, M.,Phalkey, N.,Sakdapolrak, P.,Mollinga, P.,Mogilevskii, R.,Naruchaikusol, S.
Publisher : International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789290909118

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Between a rock and a hard place by Nicol, Alan,Abdoubaetova, A.,Wolters, A.,Kharel, A.,Murzakolova, A.,Gebreyesus, A.,Lucasenco, E.,Chen, F.,Sugden, F.,Sterly, H.,Kuznetsova, I.,Masotti, M.,Vittuari, M.,Dessalegn, Mengistu,Aderghal, M.,Phalkey, N.,Sakdapolrak, P.,Mollinga, P.,Mogilevskii, R.,Naruchaikusol, S. Pdf