Evolution Of Microbial Life

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Microbial Evolution

Howard Ochman
Microbial Evolution Book PDF

Author : Howard Ochman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Science
ISBN : 1621820378

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Microbial Evolution by Howard Ochman Pdf

Bacteria have been the dominant forms of life on Earth for the past 3.5 billion years. They rapidly evolve, constantly changing their genetic architecture through horizontal DNA transfer and other mechanisms. Consequently, it can be difficult to define individual species and determine how they are related. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology examines how bacteria and other microbes evolve, focusing on insights from genomics-based studies. Contributors discuss the origins of new microbial populations, the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms that keep species separate once they have diverged, and the challenges of constructing phylogenetic trees that accurately reflect their relationships. They describe the organization of microbial genomes, the various mutations that occur, including the birth of new genes de novo and by duplication, and how natural selection acts on those changes. The role of horizontal gene transfer as a strong driver of microbial evolution is emphasized throughout. The authors also explore the geologic evidence for early microbial evolution and describe the use of microbial evolution experiments to examine phenomena like natural selection. This volume will thus be essential reading for all microbial ecologists, population geneticists, and evolutionary biologists.

Evolution of Microbial Life

Society for General Microbiology. Symposium,David McLean Roberts
Evolution of Microbial Life Book PDF

Author : Society for General Microbiology. Symposium,David McLean Roberts
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1996-11-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0521564328

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Evolution of Microbial Life by Society for General Microbiology. Symposium,David McLean Roberts Pdf

This volume considers the evolution and diversification of early unicellular life.

Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation

Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
Microbial Evolution and Co Adaptation Book PDF

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2009-05-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309131216

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Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Pdf

Dr. Joshua Lederberg - scientist, Nobel laureate, visionary thinker, and friend of the Forum on Microbial Threats - died on February 2, 2008. It was in his honor that the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop on May 20-21, 2008, to examine Dr. Lederberg's scientific and policy contributions to the marketplace of ideas in the life sciences, medicine, and public policy. The resulting workshop summary, Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation, demonstrates the extent to which conceptual and technological developments have, within a few short years, advanced our collective understanding of the microbiome, microbial genetics, microbial communities, and microbe-host-environment interactions.

Microbial Evolution under Extreme Conditions

Corien Bakermans
Microbial Evolution under Extreme Conditions Book PDF

Author : Corien Bakermans
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2015-03-10
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9783110340716

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Microbial Evolution under Extreme Conditions by Corien Bakermans Pdf

Today's microorganisms represent the vast majority of biodiversity on Earth and have survived nearly 4 billion years of evolutionary change. However, we still know little about the processes of evolution as applied to microorganisms and microbial populations. Microbial evolution occurred and continues to take place in a vast variety of environmental conditions that range from anoxic to oxic, from hot to cold, from free-living to symbiotic, etc. Some of these physicochemical conditions are considered "extreme", particularly when inhabitants are limited to microorganisms. It is easy to imagine that microbial life in extreme environments is somehow more constrained and perhaps subjected to different evolutionary pressures. But what do we actually know about microbial evolution under extreme conditions and how can we apply that knowledge to other conditions? Appealingly, extreme environments with their relatively limited numbers of inhabitants can serve as good model systems for the study of evolutionary processes. A look at the microbial inhabitants of today's extreme environments provides a snapshot in time of evolution and adaptation to extreme conditions. These adaptations manifest at different levels from established communities and species to genome content and changes in specific genes that result in altered function or gene expression. But as a recent (2011) report from the American Academy of Microbiology observes: "A complex issue in the study of microbial evolution is unraveling the process of evolution from that of adaptation. In many cases, microbes have the capacity to adapt to various environmental changes by changing gene expression or community composition as opposed to having to evolve entirely new capabilities." We have learned much about how microbes are adapted to extreme conditions but relatively little is known about these adaptations evolved. How did the different processes of evolution such as mutation, immigration, horizontal (lateral) gene transfer, recombination, hybridization, genetic drift, fixation, positive and negative selection, and selective screens contribute to the evolution of these genes, genomes, microbial species, communities, and functions? What are typical rates of these processes? How prevalent are each of these processes under different conditions? This book explores the current state of knowledge about microbial evolution under extreme conditions and addresses the following questions: What is known about the processes of microbial evolution (mechanisms, rates, etc.) under extreme conditions? Can this knowledge be applied to other systems and what is the broader relevance? What remains unknown and requires future research? These questions will be addressed from several perspectives including different extreme environments, specific organisms, and specific evolutionary processes.

Links Between Geological Processes, Microbial Activities & Evolution of Life

Yildirim Dilek,Harald Furnes,Karlis Muehlenbachs
Links Between Geological Processes Microbial Activities Evolution of Life Book PDF

Author : Yildirim Dilek,Harald Furnes,Karlis Muehlenbachs
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2008-07-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402083068

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Links Between Geological Processes, Microbial Activities & Evolution of Life by Yildirim Dilek,Harald Furnes,Karlis Muehlenbachs Pdf

Microbial systems in extreme environments and in the deep biosphere may be analogous to potential life on other planetary bodies and hence may be used to investigate the possibilities of extraterrestrial life. This book examines the mode and nature of links between geological processes and microbial activities and their significance for the origin and evolution of life on the Earth and possibly on other planets. This is a truly interdisciplinary science with societal relevance.

Microbial Life History

Steven A. Frank
Microbial Life History Book PDF

Author : Steven A. Frank
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2022-08-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691231198

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Microbial Life History by Steven A. Frank Pdf

A powerful framework for understanding how natural selection shapes adaptation and biological design Design and diversity are the two great challenges in the study of life. Microbial Life History draws on the latest advances in microbiology to describe the fundamental forces of biological design and apply these evolutionary processes to a broad diversity of traits in microbial metabolism and biochemistry. Emphasizing how to formulate and test hypotheses of adaptation, Steven Frank provides a new foundation for exploring the evolutionary forces of design. He discusses the economic principles of marginal valuations, trade-offs, and payoffs in risky and random environments; the social aspects of conflict and cooperation; the demographic aspects of age and spatial heterogeneity; and the engineering control theory principles by which systems adjust to environments. Frank then applies these evolutionary principles to the biochemistry of microbial metabolism, providing the first comprehensive link between the forces that shape biological design and cellular energetics. Tracing how natural selection sculpts metabolism, Microbial Life History provides new perspectives on the life histories of organisms, from growth rate and survival to dispersal and defense against attack. Along the way, this incisive book addresses the conceptual and philosophical challenges confronting evolutionary biologists and other practitioners who study biological design and seek to apply its lessons.

The New Science of Metagenomics

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Metagenomics: Challenges and Functional Applications
The New Science of Metagenomics Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Metagenomics: Challenges and Functional Applications
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2007-06-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309106764

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The New Science of Metagenomics by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Metagenomics: Challenges and Functional Applications Pdf

Although we can't usually see them, microbes are essential for every part of human life-indeed all life on Earth. The emerging field of metagenomics offers a new way of exploring the microbial world that will transform modern microbiology and lead to practical applications in medicine, agriculture, alternative energy, environmental remediation, and many others areas. Metagenomics allows researchers to look at the genomes of all of the microbes in an environment at once, providing a "meta" view of the whole microbial community and the complex interactions within it. It's a quantum leap beyond traditional research techniques that rely on studying-one at a time-the few microbes that can be grown in the laboratory. At the request of the National Science Foundation, five Institutes of the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of Energy, the National Research Council organized a committee to address the current state of metagenomics and identify obstacles current researchers are facing in order to determine how to best support the field and encourage its success. The New Science of Metagenomics recommends the establishment of a "Global Metagenomics Initiative" comprising a small number of large-scale metagenomics projects as well as many medium- and small-scale projects to advance the technology and develop the standard practices needed to advance the field. The report also addresses database needs, methodological challenges, and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in supporting this new field.

Microbial Life History

Steven A. Frank
Microbial Life History Book PDF

Author : Steven A. Frank
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2022-08-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691231181

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Microbial Life History by Steven A. Frank Pdf

A powerful framework for understanding how natural selection shapes adaptation and biological design Design and diversity are the two great challenges in the study of life. Microbial Life History draws on the latest advances in microbiology to describe the fundamental forces of biological design and apply these evolutionary processes to a broad diversity of traits in microbial metabolism and biochemistry. Emphasizing how to formulate and test hypotheses of adaptation, Steven Frank provides a new foundation for exploring the evolutionary forces of design. He discusses the economic principles of marginal valuations, trade-offs, and payoffs in risky and random environments; the social aspects of conflict and cooperation; the demographic aspects of age and spatial heterogeneity; and the engineering control theory principles by which systems adjust to environments. Frank then applies these evolutionary principles to the biochemistry of microbial metabolism, providing the first comprehensive link between the forces that shape biological design and cellular energetics. Tracing how natural selection sculpts metabolism, Microbial Life History provides new perspectives on the life histories of organisms, from growth rate and survival to dispersal and defense against attack. Along the way, this incisive book addresses the conceptual and philosophical challenges confronting evolutionary biologists and other practitioners who study biological design and seek to apply its lessons.

Microbial Life

James T. Staley
Microbial Life Book PDF

Author : James T. Staley
Publisher : Sinauer Associates, Incorporated
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Science
ISBN : 0878936858

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Microbial Life by James T. Staley Pdf

Special features of this second edition are: complete coverage of all aspects of microbiology; a newly updated and expanded treatment of microbial physiology and metabolism; a completely new approach to presenting the biology of eukaryotic microorganisms; updated information on genetics and genomics; a more extensive, phylogenetic approach to microbial diversity; a revised up-to-date section on microbial structure and function that reflects current concepts and techniques; expanded treatment of microbial diseases; recent information about the taxonomy, evolution, and speciation of Bacteria and Archaea; a new section on energetics covering both chemical and light energy conservation; expanded and updated treatment of immunology; chapters on the popular area of beneficial symbioses and on human host-microbe interactions; separate chapters on industrial microbiology and applied and environmental microbiology.

The Vital Question

Nick Lane
The Vital Question Book PDF

Author : Nick Lane
Publisher : Profile Books
Page : 569 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2015-04-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781847658807

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The Vital Question by Nick Lane Pdf

Why is life the way it is? Bacteria evolved into complex life just once in four billion years of life on earth-and all complex life shares many strange properties, from sex to ageing and death. If life evolved on other planets, would it be the same or completely different? In The Vital Question, Nick Lane radically reframes evolutionary history, putting forward a cogent solution to conundrums that have troubled scientists for decades. The answer, he argues, lies in energy: how all life on Earth lives off a voltage with the strength of a bolt of lightning. In unravelling these scientific enigmas, making sense of life's quirks, Lane's explanation provides a solution to life's vital questions: why are we as we are, and why are we here at all? This is ground-breaking science in an accessible form, in the tradition of Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species, Richard Dawkins' The Selfish Gene, and Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs and Steel.

Microbes and Evolution

Roberto Kolter,Stanley R. Maloy
Microbes and Evolution Book PDF

Author : Roberto Kolter,Stanley R. Maloy
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Bacteria
ISBN : 1555815405

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Microbes and Evolution by Roberto Kolter,Stanley R. Maloy Pdf

Explore the fundamental role of microbes in the natural history of our planet with 40 first-person essays written by microbiologists with a passion for evolutionary biology, whose thinking and career paths in science were influenced by Darwin's seminal work On the Origin of Species.

The Social Biology of Microbial Communities

Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
The Social Biology of Microbial Communities Book PDF

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 633 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2013-01-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309264327

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The Social Biology of Microbial Communities by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Pdf

Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.

Life's Engines

Paul G. Falkowski
Life s Engines Book PDF

Author : Paul G. Falkowski
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2023-06-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691247694

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Life's Engines by Paul G. Falkowski Pdf

The marvelous microbes that made life on Earth possible and support our very existence For almost four billion years, microbes had the primordial oceans all to themselves. The stewards of Earth, these organisms transformed the chemistry of our planet to make it habitable for plants, animals, and us. Life's Engines takes readers deep into the microscopic world to explore how these marvelous creatures made life on Earth possible—and how human life today would cease to exist without them. Paul Falkowski looks "under the hood" of microbes to find the engines of life, the actual working parts that do the biochemical heavy lifting for every living organism on Earth. With insight and humor, he explains how these miniature engines are built—and how they have been appropriated by and assembled like Lego sets within every creature that walks, swims, or flies. Falkowski shows how evolution works to maintain this core machinery of life, and how we and other animals are veritable conglomerations of microbes. A vibrantly entertaining book about the microbes that support our very existence, Life's Engines will inspire wonder about these elegantly complex nanomachines that have driven life since its origin. It also issues a timely warning about the dangers of tinkering with that machinery to make it more "efficient" at meeting the ever-growing demands of humans in the coming century.

Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Evolution

Pabulo H. Rampelotto
Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Evolution Book PDF

Author : Pabulo H. Rampelotto
Publisher : Springer
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319690780

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Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Evolution by Pabulo H. Rampelotto Pdf

One of the most profound paradigms that have transformed our understanding about life over the last decades was the acknowledgement that microorganisms play a central role in shaping the past and present environments on Earth and the nature of all life forms. Each organism is the product of its history and all extant life traces back to common ancestors, which were microorganisms. Nowadays, microorganisms represent the vast majority of biodiversity on Earth and have survived nearly 4 billion years of evolutionary change. Microbial evolution occurred and continues to take place in a great variety of environmental conditions. However, we still know little about the processes of evolution as applied to microorganisms and microbial populations. In addition, the molecular mechanisms by which microorganisms communicate/interact with each other and with multicellular organisms remains poorly understood. Such patterns of microbe-host interaction are essential to understand the evolution of microbial symbiosis and pathogenesis.Recent advances in DNA sequencing, high-throughput technologies, and genetic manipulation systems have enabled studies that directly characterize the molecular and genomic bases of evolution, producing data that are making us change our view of the microbial world. The notion that mutations in the coding regions of genomes are, in combination with selective forces, the main contributors to biodiversity needs to be re-examined as evidence accumulates, indicating that many non-coding regions that contain regulatory signals show a high rate of variation even among closely related organisms. Comparative analyses of an increasing number of closely related microbial genomes have yielded exciting insight into the sources of microbial genome variability with respect to gene content, gene order and evolution of genes with unknown functions. Furthermore, laboratory studies (i.e. experimental microbial evolution) are providing fundamental biological insight through direct observation of the evolution process. They not only enable testing evolutionary theory and principles, but also have applications to metabolic engineering and human health. Overall, these studies ranging from viruses to Bacteria to microbial Eukaryotes are illuminating the mechanisms of evolution at a resolution that Darwin, Delbruck and Dobzhansky could barely have imagined. Consequently, it is timely to review and highlight the progress so far as well as discuss what remains unknown and requires future research. This book explores the current state of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of microbial evolution with a collection of papers written by authors who are leading experts in the field.

Microcosmos

Lynn Margulis,Dorion Sagan
Microcosmos Book PDF

Author : Lynn Margulis,Dorion Sagan
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2023-04-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780520340510

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Microcosmos by Lynn Margulis,Dorion Sagan Pdf

"Microcosmos is nothing less than the saga of the life of the planet. Lynn Margulis and Dorion Sagan have put it all together, literally, in this extraordinary book, which is unlike any treatment of evolution for a general readership that I have encountered before. A fascinating account that we humans should be studying now for clues to our own survival."—From the Foreword by Dr. Lewis Thomas Microcosmos brings together the remarkable discoveries of microbiology in the later decades of the 20th century and the pioneering research of Dr. Margulis to create a vivid new picture of the world that is crucial to our understanding of the future of the planet. Addressed to general readers, the book provides a beautifully written view of evolution as a process based on interdependency and their interconnectedness of all life on the planet.