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Author : Charles K. Levy
Publisher : W H Freeman & Company
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0716734834
Describes evolution as a constant battle between species, beginning with bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
Author : Douglas J. Emlen
Publisher : Henry Holt and Company
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2014-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781429947398
WINNER OF THE PHI BETA KAPPA AWARD IN SCIENCE The story behind the stunning, extreme weapons we see in the animal world--teeth and horns and claws--and what they can tell us about the way humans develop and use arms and other weapons In Animal Weapons, Doug Emlen takes us outside the lab and deep into the forests and jungles where he's been studying animal weapons in nature for years, to explain the processes behind the most intriguing and curious examples of extreme animal weapons—fish with mouths larger than their bodies and bugs whose heads are so packed with muscle they don't have room for eyes. As singular and strange as some of the weapons we encounter on these pages are, we learn that similar factors set their evolution in motion. Emlen uses these patterns to draw parallels to the way we humans develop and employ our own weapons, and have since battle began. He looks at everything from our armor and camouflage to the evolution of the rifle and the structures human populations have built across different regions and eras to protect their homes and communities. With stunning black and white drawings and gorgeous color illustrations of these concepts at work, Animal Weapons brings us the complete story of how weapons reach their most outsized, dramatic potential, and what the results we witness in the animal world can tell us about our own relationship with weapons of all kinds.
Author : Charles Kingsley Levy
Publisher : W. H. Freeman
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1999-10-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 0716737752
It is an airborne death machine, capable of taking off backward, accelerating in a fraction of a second, making unbanked turns or even a somersault at full speed, and stopping on a dime in mid-air. It's able to lift double its own weight, and is capable of making up to 400 kills a day. No, it's not the Pentagon's newest high-tech helicopter, but a dragonfly. This winged warrior is just one of the many battle-scarred creatures that fly, swim, and walk through the pages of Evolutionary Wars, an extensively illustrated guide to nature's most ingenious means of attack and defense. Here on the front lines of the war of natural selection, early warning systems, sonar, stealth technology, chemical agents, and deadly weapons clash in the ultimate Darwinian struggle for superiority and survival. Participants include whales that can blast ultrasonic sound intense enough to kill, frogs able to secret lethal toxins that attack the nervous system, lizards who distract predators by shedding a piece of tail that continues to wiggle, and, finally, the ultimate weapons system which no other species has been able to compete with-- the human brain. From the earliest bacteria and viruses through parasites, plants, and fungi to all creatures great and small, Evolutionary Wars is the story of an arms race that's been raging in the air, on land, and at sea for the last three billion years. Full of fascinating facts and anecdotes, it is perfect reading for natural history buffs, science lovers, and armchair generals.
Author : Anurag Agrawal
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2017-03-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400884766
The fascinating and complex evolutionary relationship of the monarch butterfly and the milkweed plant Monarch butterflies are one of nature's most recognizable creatures, known for their bright colors and epic annual migration from the United States and Canada to Mexico. Yet there is much more to the monarch than its distinctive presence and mythic journeying. In Monarchs and Milkweed, Anurag Agrawal presents a vivid investigation into how the monarch butterfly has evolved closely alongside the milkweed—a toxic plant named for the sticky white substance emitted when its leaves are damaged—and how this inextricable and intimate relationship has been like an arms race over the millennia, a battle of exploitation and defense between two fascinating species. The monarch life cycle begins each spring when it deposits eggs on milkweed leaves. But this dependency of monarchs on milkweeds as food is not reciprocated, and milkweeds do all they can to poison or thwart the young monarchs. Agrawal delves into major scientific discoveries, including his own pioneering research, and traces how plant poisons have not only shaped monarch-milkweed interactions but have also been culturally important for centuries. Agrawal presents current ideas regarding the recent decline in monarch populations, including habitat destruction, increased winter storms, and lack of milkweed—the last one a theory that the author rejects. He evaluates the current sustainability of monarchs and reveals a novel explanation for their plummeting numbers. Lavishly illustrated with more than eighty color photos and images, Monarchs and Milkweed takes readers on an unforgettable exploration of one of nature's most important and sophisticated evolutionary relationships.
Author : W David Wick,Otto O Yang
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2015-08-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1489992553
In the relatively few decades since the introduction of HIV into the human population, variants of the virus have diverged to such an extent that, were the discussion about something other than viruses, said variants could easily be classified as different species. This book will consider these evolutionary variations, as well as the different and, at times, opposing theories attempting to explain them. It will compare and contrast the ways in which the immune system and drugs affect the virus's evolution, and the implications of these for vaccine development. The issue will be explored and explained through "ecological genetics," which postulates that all living organisms have, besides rivals, enemies. This is divergent from the more traditional school of "population genetics," which emphasizes that evolution occurs among rival species (or variants thereof) that compete for niches or resources in a fixed, unreactive environment. Both models will be formulated using mathematical models, which will be included in the book. Finally, it will consider the possibilities for designing a vaccine that blocks HIV from escaping the immune system.
Author : Abebe-Bard Ai Woldemariam
Publisher : 1A
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2024-01-26
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9798224332632
Evolving Arms Race: Outsmarting Cognitive Warfare with Next-Gen AI (Highlights the dynamic nature of the threat and the need for advanced solutions) CONVERSATIONAL CHAT INFORMATIVE BOOK By ABEBE- BARD AI WOLDEMARIAM Main argument: Cognitive warfare is a rapidly evolving arms race fueled by advanced manipulation tactics like deepfakes and personalized disinformation. To combat this threat, we need a proactive approach using next-generation AI to predict and neutralize attacks before they occur. Key points: The evolving threat: The book details the dangers of cognitive warfare, highlighting how techniques like deepfakes and targeted disinformation campaigns exploit our cognitive biases and vulnerabilities. AI as a solution: Woldemariam proposes using next-gen AI to build cognitive resilience, developing critical thinking skills, detecting information biases, and even predicting and countering future threats. Holistic approach: The book emphasizes the need for a multi-pronged defense, integrating AI with education initiatives, policy development, and critical infrastructure protection. Human oversight: Woldemariam stresses the importance of human oversight and collaboration in developing and deploying AI for defense, addressing ethical concerns and potential dangers of overreliance on technology. Proactive and adaptable: The book advocates for proactive measures, adaptable AI systems, and continuous mental fortification to stay ahead of the ever-changing threat landscape. Overall: "Evolving Arms Race" is a thought-provoking exploration of the emerging field of cognitive warfare and the potential of next-gen AI to counter its evolving threats. It offers valuable insights and practical strategies for individuals, policymakers, and technologists alike, urging us to stay vigilant and proactive in the face of this new arms race. Additional notes: The book's conversational and informative dialogue makes complex topics accessible to a broad audience. The focus on long-term solutions and adaptability provides a valuable framework for future AI development in this critical domain. Woldemariam's emphasis on human oversight and ethical considerations ensures a responsible approach to using AI for cognitive defense.
Author : Wolfgang Banzhaf,Betty H.C. Cheng,Kalyanmoy Deb,Kay E. Holekamp,Richard E. Lenski,Charles Ofria,Robert T. Pennock,William F. Punch,Danielle J. Whittaker
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 607 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2020-07-08
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030398316
This edited research monograph brings together contributions from computer scientists, biologists, and engineers who are engaged with the study of evolution and how it may be applied to solve real-world problems. It also serves as a Festschrift dedicated to Erik D. Goodman, the founding director of the BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, a pioneering NSF Science and Technology Center headquartered at Michigan State University. The contributing authors are leading experts associated with the center, and they serve in top research and industrial establishments across the US and worldwide. Part I summarizes the history of the BEACON Center, with refreshingly personal chapters that describe Erik's working and leadership style, and others that discuss the development and successes of the center in the context of research funding, projects, and careers. The chapters in Part II deal with the evolution of genomes and evolvability. The contributions in Part III discuss the evolution of behavior and intelligence. Those in Part IV concentrate on the evolution of communities and collective dynamics. The chapters in Part V discuss selected evolutionary computing applications in domains such as arts and science, automated program repair, cybersecurity, mechatronics, and genomic prediction. Part VI deals with evolution in the classroom, using creativity in research, and responsible conduct in research training. The book concludes with a special chapter from Erik Goodman, a short biography that concentrates on his personal positive influences and experiences throughout his long career in academia and industry.
Author : Charles Simonyi Professor of the Public Understanding of Science Richard Dawkins,Richard Dawkins
Publisher : Turtleback Books
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1996-09-17
Category : Evolution (Biology)
ISBN : 0613913817
Patiently and lucidly, this Los Angeles Times Book Award and Royal Society of Literature Heinemann Prize winner identifies the aspects of the theory of evolution that people find hard to believe and removes the barriers to credibility one by one. As readable and vigorous a defense of Darwinism as has been published since 1859.--The Economist.
Author : Robert Jack,Louis Du Pasquier
Publisher : Springer
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2019-06-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030186678
Immunology is a nodal subject that links many areas of biology. It permeates the biosciences, and also plays crucial roles in diagnosis and therapy in areas of clinical medicine ranging from the control of infectious and autoimmune diseases to tumour therapy. Monoclonal antibodies and small molecule modulators of immunity are major factors in the pharmaceutical industry and now constitute a multi billion dollar business. Students in these diverse areas are frequently daunted by the complexity of immunology and the astonishing array of unusual mechanisms that go to make it up. Starting from Dobzhansky’s famous slogan, “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution”, this book will serve to illuminate how evolutionary forces shaped immunity and thus provide an explanation for how many of its counter intuitive oddities arose. By doing so it will provide a conceptual framework on which students may organise the rapidly growing flood of immunological knowledge.
Author : George Christopher Williams
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2018-10-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691185507
Biological evolution is a fact—but the many conflicting theories of evolution remain controversial even today. When Adaptation and Natural Selection was first published in 1966, it struck a powerful blow against those who argued for the concept of group selection—the idea that evolution acts to select entire species rather than individuals. Williams’s famous work in favor of simple Darwinism over group selection has become a classic of science literature, valued for its thorough and convincing argument and its relevance to many fields outside of biology. Now with a new foreword by Richard Dawkins, Adaptation and Natural Selection is an essential text for understanding the nature of scientific debate.
Author : Robert Axelrod
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2009-04-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780786734887
A famed political scientist's classic argument for a more cooperative world We assume that, in a world ruled by natural selection, selfishness pays. So why cooperate? In The Evolution of Cooperation, political scientist Robert Axelrod seeks to answer this question. In 1980, he organized the famed Computer Prisoners Dilemma Tournament, which sought to find the optimal strategy for survival in a particular game. Over and over, the simplest strategy, a cooperative program called Tit for Tat, shut out the competition. In other words, cooperation, not unfettered competition, turns out to be our best chance for survival. A vital book for leaders and decision makers, The Evolution of Cooperation reveals how cooperative principles help us think better about everything from military strategy, to political elections, to family dynamics.
Author : Graham Bell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461559917
This new textbook for students taking courses in evolution is addressed to one of the most difficult questions evolutionary biology, that of selection. Covering both artificial and natural selection, the author has written a short, readable text that will appeal to students and professionals alike. how the nature of the process determines the nature of evolutionary change.
Author : Manuel Soler
Publisher : Springer
Page : 574 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2018-05-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319731384
Brood parasitism has become one of the most flourishing areas of research in evolutionary ecology and one of the best model systems for investigating coevolution. This subject has undergone remarkable advances during the last two decades, but has not been covered by any book in the 21st century. This book offers a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the fascinating field of avian brood parasitism. The topics covered include conspecific brood parasitism; evolution and phylogenetic history of avian brood parasites; parasitic behaviour used by brood parasites; adaptations and counter-adaptations of brood parasites and their hosts at every stage of the breeding cycle (before laying, egg, chick and fledgling stages); factors affecting the evolution of host defences and parasitic attacks; the role of phenotypic plasticity in host defences; mechanisms driving egg recognition and rejection; evolution of nest sharing or nest killing by brood parasite chicks; begging behaviour in parasitized nests and food delivery by host adults; and recognition of conspecifics by juvenile brood parasites. This volume provides a comprehensive reference resource for readers and researchers with an interest in birds, behaviour and evolution, as well as a source of hypotheses and predictions for future investigations into this dynamic subject.
Author : Bernard Taub Feld,Ted Greenwood,George William Rathjens,S. Weinberg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-15
Category : Armaments
ISBN : OCLC:1414824145
Det 10. symposium i en serie af Internationale Puggwash Symposier er organiseret af udvalget for Puggwash konferencerne for "Science and World Affairs". Bogen indeholder de enkelte oplæg samt de efterfølgende diskussioner, med hovedvægt på den teknologiske udvikling indenfor våbenproduktion, især i forhold til antiballistiske missilforsvar.
Author : Austin BURT,Robert Trivers,Austin Burt
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 613 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2009-06-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780674029118
Covering all species from yeast to humans, this is the first book to tell the story of selfish genetic elements that act narrowly to advance their own replication at the expense of the larger organism.
