The Evolution Of Cooperation

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The Evolution of Cooperation

Robert Axelrod
The Evolution of Cooperation Book PDF

Author : Robert Axelrod
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2009-04-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780786734887

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The Evolution of Cooperation by Robert Axelrod Pdf

A famed political scientist's classic argument for a more cooperative world We assume that, in a world ruled by natural selection, selfishness pays. So why cooperate? In The Evolution of Cooperation, political scientist Robert Axelrod seeks to answer this question. In 1980, he organized the famed Computer Prisoners Dilemma Tournament, which sought to find the optimal strategy for survival in a particular game. Over and over, the simplest strategy, a cooperative program called Tit for Tat, shut out the competition. In other words, cooperation, not unfettered competition, turns out to be our best chance for survival. A vital book for leaders and decision makers, The Evolution of Cooperation reveals how cooperative principles help us think better about everything from military strategy, to political elections, to family dynamics.

The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration

Robert Axelrod
The Complexity of Cooperation Agent Based Models of Competition and Collaboration Book PDF

Author : Robert Axelrod
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1997-08-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781400822300

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The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration by Robert Axelrod Pdf

Robert Axelrod is widely known for his groundbreaking work in game theory and complexity theory. He is a leader in applying computer modeling to social science problems. His book The Evolution of Cooperation has been hailed as a seminal contribution and has been translated into eight languages since its initial publication. The Complexity of Cooperation is a sequel to that landmark book. It collects seven essays, originally published in a broad range of journals, and adds an extensive new introduction to the collection, along with new prefaces to each essay and a useful new appendix of additional resources. Written in Axelrod's acclaimed, accessible style, this collection serves as an introductory text on complexity theory and computer modeling in the social sciences and as an overview of the current state of the art in the field. The articles move beyond the basic paradigm of the Prisoner's Dilemma to study a rich set of issues, including how to cope with errors in perception or implementation, how norms emerge, and how new political actors and regions of shared culture can develop. They use the shared methodology of agent-based modeling, a powerful technique that specifies the rules of interaction between individuals and uses computer simulation to discover emergent properties of the social system. The Complexity of Cooperation is essential reading for all social scientists who are interested in issues of cooperation and complexity.

Genetic and Cultural Evolution of Cooperation

Peter Hammerstein
Genetic and Cultural Evolution of Cooperation Book PDF

Author : Peter Hammerstein
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 516 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0262083264

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Genetic and Cultural Evolution of Cooperation by Peter Hammerstein Pdf

Table of contents

Cooperation and Its Evolution

Kim Sterelny,Richard Joyce,Brett Calcott,Ben Fraser
Cooperation and Its Evolution Book PDF

Author : Kim Sterelny,Richard Joyce,Brett Calcott,Ben Fraser
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 587 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2013-02-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262018531

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Cooperation and Its Evolution by Kim Sterelny,Richard Joyce,Brett Calcott,Ben Fraser Pdf

Essays from a range of disciplinary perspectives show the central role that cooperation plays in structuring our world. This collection reports on the latest research on an increasingly pivotal issue for evolutionary biology: cooperation. The chapters are written from a variety of disciplinary perspectives and utilize research tools that range from empirical survey to conceptual modeling, reflecting the rich diversity of work in the field. They explore a wide taxonomic range, concentrating on bacteria, social insects, and, especially, humans. Part I ("Agents and Environments") investigates the connections of social cooperation in social organizations to the conditions that make cooperation profitable and stable, focusing on the interactions of agent, population, and environment. Part II ("Agents and Mechanisms") focuses on how proximate mechanisms emerge and operate in the evolutionary process and how they shape evolutionary trajectories. Throughout the book, certain themes emerge that demonstrate the ubiquity of questions regarding cooperation in evolutionary biology: the generation and division of the profits of cooperation; transitions in individuality; levels of selection, from gene to organism; and the "human cooperation explosion" that makes our own social behavior particularly puzzling from an evolutionary perspective.

Evolution, Games, and God

Martin A. Nowak
Evolution Games and God Book PDF

Author : Martin A. Nowak
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780674075535

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Evolution, Games, and God by Martin A. Nowak Pdf

Evolution, Games, and God explores how cooperation and altruism, alongside mutation and natural selection, play a critical role in evolution, from microbes to human societies. Inheriting a tendency to cooperate and self-sacrifice on behalf of others may be as beneficial to a population’s survival as the self-preserving instincts of individuals.

A Cooperative Species

Samuel Bowles,Herbert Gintis
A Cooperative Species Book PDF

Author : Samuel Bowles,Herbert Gintis
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2013-07-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780691158167

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A Cooperative Species by Samuel Bowles,Herbert Gintis Pdf

Why do humans, uniquely among animals, cooperate in large numbers to advance projects for the common good? Contrary to the conventional wisdom in biology and economics, this generous and civic-minded behavior is widespread and cannot be explained simply by far-sighted self-interest or a desire to help close genealogical kin. In A Cooperative Species, Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis--pioneers in the new experimental and evolutionary science of human behavior--show that the central issue is not why selfish people act generously, but instead how genetic and cultural evolution has produced a species in which substantial numbers make sacrifices to uphold ethical norms and to help even total strangers. The authors describe how, for thousands of generations, cooperation with fellow group members has been essential to survival. Groups that created institutions to protect the civic-minded from exploitation by the selfish flourished and prevailed in conflicts with less cooperative groups. Key to this process was the evolution of social emotions such as shame and guilt, and our capacity to internalize social norms so that acting ethically became a personal goal rather than simply a prudent way to avoid punishment. Using experimental, archaeological, genetic, and ethnographic data to calibrate models of the coevolution of genes and culture as well as prehistoric warfare and other forms of group competition, A Cooperative Species provides a compelling and novel account of how humans came to be moral and cooperative.

Cooperation in Primates and Humans

Peter M. Kappeler
Cooperation in Primates and Humans Book PDF

Author : Peter M. Kappeler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2006-10-19
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 3540283749

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Cooperation in Primates and Humans by Peter M. Kappeler Pdf

Cooperative behaviour has been one of the enigmas of evolutionary theory. This book examines the many facets of cooperative behaviour in primates and humans. It bridges the gap between parallel research in primatology and studies of humans, and highlights both common principles and aspects of human uniqueness, with respect to cooperative behaviour.

Social dilemmas, institutions, and the evolution of cooperation

Ben Jann,Wojtek Przepiorka
Social dilemmas institutions and the evolution of cooperation Book PDF

Author : Ben Jann,Wojtek Przepiorka
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 582 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-09-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783110472974

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Social dilemmas, institutions, and the evolution of cooperation by Ben Jann,Wojtek Przepiorka Pdf

The question of how cooperation and social order can evolve from a Hobbesian state of nature of a “war of all against all” has always been at the core of social scientific inquiry. Social dilemmas are the main analytical paradigm used by social scientists to explain competition, cooperation, and conflict in human groups. The formal analysis of social dilemmas allows for identifying the conditions under which cooperation evolves or unravels. This knowledge informs the design of institutions that promote cooperative behavior. Yet to gain practical relevance in policymaking and institutional design, predictions derived from the analysis of social dilemmas must be put to an empirical test. The collection of articles in this book gives an overview of state-of-the-art research on social dilemmas, institutions, and the evolution of cooperation. It covers theoretical contributions and offers a broad range of examples on how theoretical insights can be empirically verified and applied to cooperation problems in everyday life. By bringing together a group of distinguished scholars, the book fills an important gap in sociological scholarship and addresses some of the most interesting questions of human sociality.

Why Humans Cooperate

Joseph Henrich,Natalie Henrich
Why Humans Cooperate Book PDF

Author : Joseph Henrich,Natalie Henrich
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2007-06-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 0198041179

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Why Humans Cooperate by Joseph Henrich,Natalie Henrich Pdf

Cooperation among humans is one of the keys to our great evolutionary success. Natalie and Joseph Henrich examine this phenomena with a unique fusion of theoretical work on the evolution of cooperation, ethnographic descriptions of social behavior, and a range of other experimental results. Their experimental and ethnographic data come from a small, insular group of middle-class Iraqi Christians called Chaldeans, living in metro Detroit, whom the Henrichs use as an example to show how kinship relations, ethnicity, and culturally transmitted traditions provide the key to explaining the evolution of cooperation over multiple generations.

Origins of Altruism and Cooperation

Robert W. Sussman,C. Robert Cloninger
Origins of Altruism and Cooperation Book PDF

Author : Robert W. Sussman,C. Robert Cloninger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2011-08-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 144199520X

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Origins of Altruism and Cooperation by Robert W. Sussman,C. Robert Cloninger Pdf

This book is about the evolution and nature of cooperation and altruism in social-living animals, focusing especially on non-human primates and on humans. Although cooperation and altruism are often thought of as ways to attenuate competition and aggression within groups, or are related to the action of “selfish genes”, there is increasing evidence that these behaviors are the result of biological mechanisms that have developed through natural selection in group-living species. This evidence leads to the conclusion that cooperative and altruistic behavior are not just by-products of competition but are rather the glue that underlies the ability for primates and humans to live in groups. The anthropological, primatological, paleontological, behavioral, neurobiological, and psychological evidence provided in this book gives a more optimistic view of human nature than the more popular, conventional view of humans being naturally and basically aggressive and warlike. Although competition and aggression are recognized as an important part of the non-human primate and human behavioral repertoire, the evidence from these fields indicates that cooperation and altruism may represent the more typical, “normal”, and healthy behavioral pattern. The book is intended both for the general reader and also for students at a variety of levels (graduate and undergraduate): it aims to provide a compact, accessible, and up-to-date account of the current scholarly advances and debates in this field of study, and it is designed to be used in teaching and in discussion groups. The book derived from a conference sponsored by N.S.F., the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, the Washington University Committee for Ethics and Human Values, and the Anthropedia Foundation for the study of well-being.

The Evolution of Human Co-operation

Charles Stanish
The Evolution of Human Co operation Book PDF

Author : Charles Stanish
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2017-08-03
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781107180550

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The Evolution of Human Co-operation by Charles Stanish Pdf

This book explains the evolution of human cooperation in tribal societies using insights from game theory, ethnography and archaeology.

The Evolution of Social Behaviour

Michael Taborsky,Michael A. Cant,Jan Komdeur
The Evolution of Social Behaviour Book PDF

Author : Michael Taborsky,Michael A. Cant,Jan Komdeur
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2021-08-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781107011182

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The Evolution of Social Behaviour by Michael Taborsky,Michael A. Cant,Jan Komdeur Pdf

First book to outline the fundamental principles of social evolution underlying the stunning diversity of social systems and behaviours.

SuperCooperators

Martin Nowak,Roger Highfield
SuperCooperators Book PDF

Author : Martin Nowak,Roger Highfield
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2012-03-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451626636

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SuperCooperators by Martin Nowak,Roger Highfield Pdf

Looks at the importance of cooperation in human beings and in nature, arguing that this social tool is as important an aspect of evolution as mutation and natural selection.

Meeting at Grand Central

Lee Cronk,Beth L. Leech
Meeting at Grand Central Book PDF

Author : Lee Cronk,Beth L. Leech
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780691154954

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Meeting at Grand Central by Lee Cronk,Beth L. Leech Pdf

"Meeting at Grand Central brings together insights from evolutionary biology, political science, economics, anthropology, and other fields to explain how the interactions between our evolved selves and the institutional structures we have created make cooperation possible. The book begins with a look at the ideas of Mancur Olson and George Williams, who shifted the question of why cooperation happens from an emphasis on group benefits to individual costs. It then explores how these ideas have influenced our thinking about cooperation, coordination, and collective action. The book persuasively argues that cooperation and its failures are best explained by evolutionary and social theories working together. Selection sometimes favors cooperative tendencies, while institutions, norms, and incentives encourage and make possible actual cooperation."--Publisher's website.

Cooperation among Animals

Lee Alan Dugatkin
Cooperation among Animals Book PDF

Author : Lee Alan Dugatkin
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1997-02-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780195358803

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Cooperation among Animals by Lee Alan Dugatkin Pdf

Despite the depiction of nature "red in tooth and claw," cooperation is actually widespread in the animal kingdom. Various types of cooperative behaviors have been documented in everything from insects to primates, and in every imaginable ecological scenario. Yet why animals cooperate is still a hotly contested question in literature on evolution and animal behavior. This book examines the history surrounding the study of cooperation, and proceeds to examine the conceptual, theoretical and empirical work on this fascinating subject. Early on, it outlines the four different categories of cooperation -- reciprocal altruism, kinship, group-selected cooperation and byproduct mutualism -- and ties these categories together in a single framework called the Cooperator's Dilemma. Hundreds of studies on cooperation in insects, fish, birds and mammals are reviewed. Cooperation in this wide array of taxa includes, but is not limited to, cooperative hunting, anti-predator behavior, foraging, sexual coalitions, grooming, helpers-at-the nest, territoriality, 'policing' behavior and group thermoregulation. Each example outlined is tied back to the theoretical framework developed early on, whenever the data allows. Future experiments designed to further elucidate a particular type of cooperation are provided throughout the book.