Excavations At The Palatial Complex

Author : Geoffrey Summers
Publisher : Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures
Page : 534 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2023-01-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781614910800

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Excavations at the Palatial Complex by Geoffrey Summers Pdf

The city on the Kerkenes Dağ in the high plateau of central Turkey was a new Iron Age capital, very probably Pteria. Founded in the later seventh century BC, the city was put to the torch in the mid-sixth century and then abandoned. Excavations at what we have identified as the Palatial Complex were conducted between 1999 and 2005. The stone glacis supporting the Fortified Structure at the eastern end of the complex was revealed in its entirety while the greater portion of the Monumental Entrance was uncovered. Portions of buildings within the complex were also excavated, notably one-half of the heavily burned Ashlar Building, one corner of the Audience Hall, and parts of other structures. This volume documents as fully as possible the results of those excavations with the exception of sculpture, some bearing Paleo-Phrygian inscription, already published (OIP 135). The location of the complex, its development from foundation to destruction, and its architecture are discussed and illustrated. Within the Monumental Entrance were extraordinary, unexpected, semi-iconic stone idols, and other embellishments that include stone blocks with bolsters, bases for large freestanding wooden columns, and stone plinths. Extensive use was made of iron in combination with timber-framed facades and large double-leafed doors. Objects of gold, silver, copper alloys, and iron attest to former splendor. Organization of the volume is roughly chronological, beginning with the Fortified Structure, and concluding with the Monumental Entrance. Presentation of material culture is organized with an emphasis on context. Specialist chapters report on alphabetic and nonalphabetic graffiti and masons' marks, animal bones among which was found the jawbone of a dolphin, and a Byzantine-period burial. This volume provides further dramatic and surprising new evidence for the power, wealth, and sophistication of an eastward expansion of Phrygian culture exemplified by architecture, cultic imagery, Paleo-Phrygian inscriptions and graffiti, pottery, and artifacts. The brief existence of this extraordinary city, hardly more than one hundred years, together with the excellent stratigraphic context provided by the destruction level, offer an unparalleled window onto the first half of the sixth century BC on the Anatolian Plateau.

Author : Geoffrey D. Summers
Publisher : Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2021-04-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781614910602

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Excavations at the Cappadocia Gate by Geoffrey D. Summers Pdf

The city on the Kerkenes Dag in the high plateau of central Turkey was a new Iron Age capital, very probably Pteria. Founded in the later seventh century BC, the city was put to the torch in the mid sixth century and then abandoned. Between 1999 and 2011 what we have called the Cappadocia Gate, one of the seven city gates that pierce the 7 km of strong stone defenses, was excavated in its entirety. This volume documents as fully as possible the results of those excavations. The location of the gate and its architecture are discussed and illustrated, with a chapter devoted to its partial restoration. Cultic installations within the gate structure include a built stepped monument with semi-iconic idol, an aniconic stela, and graffiti representing similar stones. Sculpture set up at the back of the gate comprised many fragments of a life-sized statue supported by a plinth bearing adorsed sphinxes carved in relief. The remains of two human victims of the destruction are examined, as are animal bones that perhaps provide evidence of meals consumed by builders of the gate. Pottery and other finds, including well-preserved iron door bands, are presented, as is an exceptional ornament of gold and electrum. A final chapter attempts to place these remarkable discoveries in a wider context. The gate plan and the cultic installations and sculpture set up inside the gate appear to be entirely Phrygian. Combined with evidence of Paleo-Phrygian inscription and graffiti already published (OIP 135), this volume sheds dramatic new and unexpected evidence for the power, wealth, and sophistication of an eastward expansion of Phrygia. The brief existence, hardly more than 100 years, together with the excellent stratigraphic context of the destruction level, provide an unparalleled window onto the first half of the sixth century BC on the Anatolian Plateau.

Author : Catherine Mary Draycott,Geoffrey D. Summers
Publisher : Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Art
ISBN : UOM:39015079260256

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Sculpture and Inscriptions from the Monumental Entrance to the Palatial Complex at Kerkenes Dağ, Turkey by Catherine Mary Draycott,Geoffrey D. Summers Pdf

Between 2003 and 2005, various remains of sculpture and fragments of an important inscription in the Old Phrygian language were unexpectedly found during excavations at the sixth century BC walled city on Kerkenes Mountain in the highlands of Central Turkey. These unusual finds have a significant role to play in the interpretation of the site and the interpretation of Phrygian history and culture. Large-scale sculpture in the round and small reliefs have distinctive characteristics so far unattested within territory inhabited by Phrygian speakers, while the extensive inscription names individuals so far unknown. Together, they attest to an ambitious and distinctive identity of power at this relatively remote mountaintop city, which may be equated with the strongly fortified place of Pteria mentioned in Herodotus, and which may have flourished for a brief period between the death of King Midas of Gordion and the conquering of Anatolia by the Persian King, Cyrus the Great. This volume presents these striking new finds, all of which come from the Monumental Entrance to a sector of the city known as the Palatial Complex. An introduction to the archaeological context is followed by a detailed catalog of the sculpted fragments, associated architectural fragments, and the inscribed fragments. Within the catalog there is erudite discussion of comparanda aimed at placing the unique material in its wider cultural and historical context, as well as a tentative reconstruction of the major pieces into a single monument. Rounding off the work is a commentary on the Phrygian inscription by Prof. Claude Brixhe. The volume is profusely illustrated with line drawings and photographs of every fragment together with a set of color plates that highlight the violence done to the monuments when the city was looted and burnt in the mid-sixth century BC. A Turkish summary is provided.

Author : Assaf Yasur-Landau,Eric H. Cline
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2020-06-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004425729

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Excavations at Tel Kabri by Assaf Yasur-Landau,Eric H. Cline Pdf

Tel Kabri was the center of a Canaanite polity during the first half of the second millennium BCE. This volume presents the results of the archaeological work done at the site from 2005 to 2011.

Author : Julian Henderson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2013-04-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781135953171

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The Science and Archaeology of Materials by Julian Henderson Pdf

The Science and Archaeology of Materials is set to become the definitive work in the archaeology of materials. Henderson's highly illustrated work is an accessible and fascinating textbook which will be essential reading for all practical archaeologists. With clear sections on a wide range of materials including ceramics, glass, metals and stone, this work examines the very foundations of archaeological study. Anyone interested in ancient technologies, especially those involving high temperatures, kilns and furnaces will be able to follow in each chapter how raw materials are refined, transformed and shaped into objects. This description is then followed by appropriate case studies which provide a new chronological and geographical example of how scientific and archaeological aspects can and do interact. They include: *Roman pale green and highly decorated glass *17th Century glass in Britain and Europe *the effect of the introduction of the wheel on pottery technology *the technology of Celadon ceramics *early copper metallurgy in the Middle East *chemical analysis and lead isotope analysis of British Bronzes *early copper alloy metallurgy in Thailand *the chemical analysis of obsidian and its distribution *the origins of the Stonehenge bluestones This book shows how archaeology and science intersect and fe ed off each other. Modern scientific techniques have provided data which, when set within a fully integrated archaeological context, have the potential of contributing to mainstream archaeology. This holistic approach generates a range of connections which benefits both areas and will enrich archaeological study in the future.

Author : Eric H. Cline,Alexandra Ratzlaff,Assaf Yasur-Landau
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2023-10-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004548336

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Excavations at Tel Kabri III by Eric H. Cline,Alexandra Ratzlaff,Assaf Yasur-Landau Pdf

Tel Kabri was the center of a Canaanite polity during the Middle Bronze Age. Initial excavations conducted at the site from 1986 to 1993 revealed the remains of a palace dating primarily during the first half of the second millennium BCE. Excavations were resumed at the site under the co-direction of the present editors, Assaf Yasur-Landau and Eric H. Cline, beginning in 2005. This volume presents the results of the work done at Tel Kabri during the years from 2013 to 2019, focused especially on the exploration of the rooms within the Wine Storage Complex of the palace.

Author : Catherine M. Draycott,Scott Branting,Joseph W. Lehner,Yasemin Özarslan
Publisher : British Institute at Ankara
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2024-01-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781912090112

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From Midas to Cyrus and Other Stories by Catherine M. Draycott,Scott Branting,Joseph W. Lehner,Yasemin Özarslan Pdf

The period of Anatolian history between the death of the semi-legendary king Midas of Gordion ca. 700 BC and the advent of the Achaemenid Persian Empire ca. 550 BC is dominated by certain narratives: the rise of the Mermnad Lydian Kingdom, from Gyges to Croesus; the demise of the Urartian Kingdom and ‘Neo-Hittite’-type culture and polities; and the invasion of shadowy forces from the Steppe: Cimmerians, Scythians and Medes. The discoveries of Geoffrey and Francoise Summers’s project at the massive walled city on Kerkenes Da?? have changed the cultural history and texture of Anatolia during this time period, opening up insights into the spread of Phrygian culture and language and inviting further discussion of how the period is framed. This book honors their accomplishments by presenting papers addressing the dynamics and events of that period from various angles, and in various regions and places, as well as other interventions on Iron Age Anatolia, from dating of kings to rare and potentially influential medical techniques. The volume sheds light on and also advocates for further synthesis of the regional dynamics affecting the Mediterranean, Near East and Anatolia together, toward the production of revised, more nuanced narratives.

Author : Sharon R. Steadman,Gregory McMahon
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2021-12-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781527578081

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The Archaeology of Anatolia, Volume IV by Sharon R. Steadman,Gregory McMahon Pdf

This fourth volume in the Archaeology of Anatolia series offers reports on the most recent discoveries from across the Anatolian peninsula. Periods covered span the Epipalaeolithic to the Medieval Age, and sites and regions range from the western Anatolian coast to Van, and on to the southeast. The breadth and depth of work reported within these pages testifies to the contributors’ dedication and love of their work even during a global pandemic period. The volume includes reviews of recent work at on-going excavations and data retrieved from the last several years of survey projects. In addition, a “State of the Field” section offers up-to-the-moment data on specialized fields in Anatolian archaeology.

Author : Gergely Buzas,Jozsef Laszlovszky
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9639911399

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The Medieval Royal Palace at Visegrad by Gergely Buzas,Jozsef Laszlovszky Pdf

Visegrad stands out among the medieval sites of Hungary and the royal palace complex can be regarded as one of the most important monuments for the artistic and architectural production of the royal court during the period of the late Middle Ages. The size and the complexity of the palace would in itself ensure that the Visegrad royal residence became one of the principal sites of Hungarian medieval archaeology. The palace was continuously built, altered and enlarged for two hundred years, and emerged as a sophisticated complex of dwelling rooms, spaces of status display, ecclesiastical buildings (royal chapel and Franciscan friary), kitchens, workshops, storage buildings, gardens, loggias, balconies and fountains. Its ruination was also a long process that took three hundred years. Although this slow process caused immeasurable damage, it also helped to preserve the traces of medieval life in the monument, which in case of buildings continuously inhabited are usually swept away by modern use and later architectural changes. The Visegrad Palace, however, was not used by anyone after the Middle Ages. Its ruined buildings were not utilized for any other purpose, and so the later alterations were minimal. Its rediscovery, excavation and reconstruction has been a task of twentieth and twenty-first-century archaeology and heritage protection, and the monument provided an opportunity to study a medieval complex almost undisturbed. The excavations at the Visegrad Palace also served as one of the most significant steps in the development of medieval archaeology in Hungary. This volume is the first comprehensive monograph on the archaeological investigations, objects, finds, reconstruction and restoration of the palace complex published in English. It is also a revised, extended and in some other parts compressed version of a volume published in Hungarian in 2010. It offers a summary of the previous and recent excavations since 1934 and the interpretation of the palace in its European archaeological and art historical context. It also contains the functional analysis of the palace complex and the discussion of the interactions between the residence and the Franciscan friary. Some chapters focus on the most important group of finds (pottery, stove tiles, worked bone material, etc.) along with their detailed catalogue.

Author : Carl William Blegen,Marion Rawson,Jack L. Davis,Cynthia W. Shelmerdine
Publisher : ASCSA
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : History
ISBN : 0876616406

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A Guide to the Palace of Nestor by Carl William Blegen,Marion Rawson,Jack L. Davis,Cynthia W. Shelmerdine Pdf

In spring 1939, as the prospect of war loomed, a joint Greek-American archaeological expedition began excavation on the hill of Epano Englianos, high above the modern town of Pylos in southwest Greece. Almost immediately more than 600 tablets bearing inscriptions in Linear B script were uncovered, as well as stone walls, fragments of frescoes, and stucco floors. The discoveries were kept secret during the war years and it was only in 1952 that the project could return to uncover, over 15 seasons, the Mycenaean building now know as the Palace of Nestor. This beautifully illustrated color guide surveys the buildings and objects discovered and reconstructs life in the citadel and its associated tombs. It also describes the surrounding landscape, using evidence uncovered by the Pylos Regional Archaeology Project which surveyed the wider area around the palace between 1992 and 1995.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 702 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004309777

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Field Methods and Post-Excavation Techniques in Late Antique Archaeology by Anonim Pdf

Late antique sites are often excavated badly and are hardly ever published in full, especially in the East. This volume seeks to provide a critique of this situation and exemplars of best practice. It will be an important reference work for scholars engaged in fieldwork and those seeking to use archaeological evidence in historical discussions.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Archaeological surveying
ISBN : UCSD:31822031149628

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Excavations and Surveys in Israel by Anonim Pdf

Author : Heinrich Schliemann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1885
Category : Excavations (Archaeology)
ISBN : HARVARD:32044026662809

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Tiryns by Heinrich Schliemann Pdf

This book contains the results of the author's excavations in Troy, Mycenæ, Orchomenos, and Tiryns which present a picture of the ancient architecture of fortresses, palaces, and tombs in Greece and Asia Minor.

Author : Niall Finneran
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2007-11-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136755521

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The Archaeology of Ethiopia by Niall Finneran Pdf

This book provides the first truly comprehensive multi-period study of the archaeology of Ethiopia, surveying the country's history, detailing the discoveries from the late Stone Age, including the famous 'Lucy' and moving onto the emergence of food production, prehistoric rock art and an analysis of the increasing social complexity that can be observed from the remains of the first nucleated settlements. The author then discusses the Aksumite empire, the emergence of Christianity in the Middle Ages and Ethiopia's encounters with the west, leading up to the feudal Ethiopia of the twentieth century and the present day. This book is an excellent and very readable story of the rich heritage of this very misunderstood country.

Author : Nadine Moeller
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2016-04-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107079755

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The Archaeology of Urbanism in Ancient Egypt by Nadine Moeller Pdf

This book presents the latest archaeological evidence that makes a case for Egypt as an early urban society. It traces the emergence of urban features during the Predynastic Period up to the disintegration of the powerful Middle Kingdom state (ca. 3500-1650 BC).