Sculpture And Inscriptions From The Monumental Entrance To The Palatial Complex At Kerkenes Dağ Turkey

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Sculpture and Inscriptions from the Monumental Entrance to the Palatial Complex at Kerkenes Dağ, Turkey

Catherine Mary Draycott,Geoffrey D. Summers
Sculpture and Inscriptions from the Monumental Entrance to the Palatial Complex at Kerkenes Da Turkey Book PDF

Author : Catherine Mary Draycott,Geoffrey D. Summers
Publisher : Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Art
ISBN : UOM:39015079260256

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Sculpture and Inscriptions from the Monumental Entrance to the Palatial Complex at Kerkenes Dağ, Turkey by Catherine Mary Draycott,Geoffrey D. Summers Pdf

Between 2003 and 2005, various remains of sculpture and fragments of an important inscription in the Old Phrygian language were unexpectedly found during excavations at the sixth century BC walled city on Kerkenes Mountain in the highlands of Central Turkey. These unusual finds have a significant role to play in the interpretation of the site and the interpretation of Phrygian history and culture. Large-scale sculpture in the round and small reliefs have distinctive characteristics so far unattested within territory inhabited by Phrygian speakers, while the extensive inscription names individuals so far unknown. Together, they attest to an ambitious and distinctive identity of power at this relatively remote mountaintop city, which may be equated with the strongly fortified place of Pteria mentioned in Herodotus, and which may have flourished for a brief period between the death of King Midas of Gordion and the conquering of Anatolia by the Persian King, Cyrus the Great. This volume presents these striking new finds, all of which come from the Monumental Entrance to a sector of the city known as the Palatial Complex. An introduction to the archaeological context is followed by a detailed catalog of the sculpted fragments, associated architectural fragments, and the inscribed fragments. Within the catalog there is erudite discussion of comparanda aimed at placing the unique material in its wider cultural and historical context, as well as a tentative reconstruction of the major pieces into a single monument. Rounding off the work is a commentary on the Phrygian inscription by Prof. Claude Brixhe. The volume is profusely illustrated with line drawings and photographs of every fragment together with a set of color plates that highlight the violence done to the monuments when the city was looted and burnt in the mid-sixth century BC. A Turkish summary is provided.

A Research Guide to the Ancient World

John M. Weeks,Jason de Medeiros
A Research Guide to the Ancient World Book PDF

Author : John M. Weeks,Jason de Medeiros
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 454 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2014-11-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9781442237407

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A Research Guide to the Ancient World by John M. Weeks,Jason de Medeiros Pdf

A Research Guide to the Ancient World: Print and Electronic Sources is a partially annotated bibliography that covers the study of the ancient world, and closes the traditional subject gap between the humanities and the social sciences in this area of study. This book is the only bibliographic resource available for such holistic coverage.

Excavations at the Palatial Complex

Geoffrey Summers
Excavations at the Palatial Complex Book PDF

Author : Geoffrey Summers
Publisher : Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures
Page : 534 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2023-01-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781614910800

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Excavations at the Palatial Complex by Geoffrey Summers Pdf

The city on the Kerkenes Dağ in the high plateau of central Turkey was a new Iron Age capital, very probably Pteria. Founded in the later seventh century BC, the city was put to the torch in the mid-sixth century and then abandoned. Excavations at what we have identified as the Palatial Complex were conducted between 1999 and 2005. The stone glacis supporting the Fortified Structure at the eastern end of the complex was revealed in its entirety while the greater portion of the Monumental Entrance was uncovered. Portions of buildings within the complex were also excavated, notably one-half of the heavily burned Ashlar Building, one corner of the Audience Hall, and parts of other structures. This volume documents as fully as possible the results of those excavations with the exception of sculpture, some bearing Paleo-Phrygian inscription, already published (OIP 135). The location of the complex, its development from foundation to destruction, and its architecture are discussed and illustrated. Within the Monumental Entrance were extraordinary, unexpected, semi-iconic stone idols, and other embellishments that include stone blocks with bolsters, bases for large freestanding wooden columns, and stone plinths. Extensive use was made of iron in combination with timber-framed facades and large double-leafed doors. Objects of gold, silver, copper alloys, and iron attest to former splendor. Organization of the volume is roughly chronological, beginning with the Fortified Structure, and concluding with the Monumental Entrance. Presentation of material culture is organized with an emphasis on context. Specialist chapters report on alphabetic and nonalphabetic graffiti and masons' marks, animal bones among which was found the jawbone of a dolphin, and a Byzantine-period burial. This volume provides further dramatic and surprising new evidence for the power, wealth, and sophistication of an eastward expansion of Phrygian culture exemplified by architecture, cultic imagery, Paleo-Phrygian inscriptions and graffiti, pottery, and artifacts. The brief existence of this extraordinary city, hardly more than one hundred years, together with the excellent stratigraphic context provided by the destruction level, offer an unparalleled window onto the first half of the sixth century BC on the Anatolian Plateau.

From Midas to Cyrus and Other Stories

Catherine M. Draycott,Scott Branting,Joseph W. Lehner,Yasemin Özarslan
From Midas to Cyrus and Other Stories Book PDF

Author : Catherine M. Draycott,Scott Branting,Joseph W. Lehner,Yasemin Özarslan
Publisher : British Institute at Ankara
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2024-01-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781912090112

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From Midas to Cyrus and Other Stories by Catherine M. Draycott,Scott Branting,Joseph W. Lehner,Yasemin Özarslan Pdf

The period of Anatolian history between the death of the semi-legendary king Midas of Gordion ca. 700 BC and the advent of the Achaemenid Persian Empire ca. 550 BC is dominated by certain narratives: the rise of the Mermnad Lydian Kingdom, from Gyges to Croesus; the demise of the Urartian Kingdom and ‘Neo-Hittite’-type culture and polities; and the invasion of shadowy forces from the Steppe: Cimmerians, Scythians and Medes. The discoveries of Geoffrey and Francoise Summers’s project at the massive walled city on Kerkenes Da?? have changed the cultural history and texture of Anatolia during this time period, opening up insights into the spread of Phrygian culture and language and inviting further discussion of how the period is framed. This book honors their accomplishments by presenting papers addressing the dynamics and events of that period from various angles, and in various regions and places, as well as other interventions on Iron Age Anatolia, from dating of kings to rare and potentially influential medical techniques. The volume sheds light on and also advocates for further synthesis of the regional dynamics affecting the Mediterranean, Near East and Anatolia together, toward the production of revised, more nuanced narratives.

Excavations at the Cappadocia Gate

Geoffrey D. Summers
Excavations at the Cappadocia Gate Book PDF

Author : Geoffrey D. Summers
Publisher : Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-04-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781614910602

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Excavations at the Cappadocia Gate by Geoffrey D. Summers Pdf

The city on the Kerkenes Dag in the high plateau of central Turkey was a new Iron Age capital, very probably Pteria. Founded in the later seventh century BC, the city was put to the torch in the mid sixth century and then abandoned. Between 1999 and 2011 what we have called the Cappadocia Gate, one of the seven city gates that pierce the 7 km of strong stone defenses, was excavated in its entirety. This volume documents as fully as possible the results of those excavations. The location of the gate and its architecture are discussed and illustrated, with a chapter devoted to its partial restoration. Cultic installations within the gate structure include a built stepped monument with semi-iconic idol, an aniconic stela, and graffiti representing similar stones. Sculpture set up at the back of the gate comprised many fragments of a life-sized statue supported by a plinth bearing adorsed sphinxes carved in relief. The remains of two human victims of the destruction are examined, as are animal bones that perhaps provide evidence of meals consumed by builders of the gate. Pottery and other finds, including well-preserved iron door bands, are presented, as is an exceptional ornament of gold and electrum. A final chapter attempts to place these remarkable discoveries in a wider context. The gate plan and the cultic installations and sculpture set up inside the gate appear to be entirely Phrygian. Combined with evidence of Paleo-Phrygian inscription and graffiti already published (OIP 135), this volume sheds dramatic new and unexpected evidence for the power, wealth, and sophistication of an eastward expansion of Phrygia. The brief existence, hardly more than 100 years, together with the excellent stratigraphic context of the destruction level, provide an unparalleled window onto the first half of the sixth century BC on the Anatolian Plateau.

Tios/Tieion on the Southern Black Sea in the Broader Context of Pontic Archaeology

Gocha R. Tsetskhladze,Şahin Yıldırım
Tios Tieion on the Southern Black Sea in the Broader Context of Pontic Archaeology Book PDF

Author : Gocha R. Tsetskhladze,Şahin Yıldırım
Publisher : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2023-12-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781803276212

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Tios/Tieion on the Southern Black Sea in the Broader Context of Pontic Archaeology by Gocha R. Tsetskhladze,Şahin Yıldırım Pdf

Several papers focus on Tios (the Acropolis, the lower city and coin finds). Its place in ancient geography/cartography is considered before moving on to the indigenous inhabitants of the surrounding area, the immediate and greater region, then the Turkish Black Sea region, and outwards to the western, northern and eastern shores of the Black Sea.

Couched in Death

Elizabeth P. Baughan
Couched in Death Book PDF

Author : Elizabeth P. Baughan
Publisher : University of Wisconsin Pres
Page : 518 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-06
Category : Art
ISBN : 9780299291839

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Couched in Death by Elizabeth P. Baughan Pdf

In Couched in Death, Elizabeth P. Baughan offers the first comprehensive look at the earliest funeral couches in the ancient Mediterranean world. These sixth- and fifth-century BCE klinai from Asia Minor were inspired by specialty luxury furnishings developed in Archaic Greece for reclining at elite symposia. It was in Anatolia, however—in the dynastic cultures of Lydia and Phrygia and their neighbors—that klinai first gained prominence not as banquet furniture but as burial receptacles. For tombs, wooden couches were replaced by more permanent media cut from bedrock, carved from marble or limestone, or even cast in bronze. The rich archaeological findings of funerary klinai throughout Asia Minor raise intriguing questions about the social and symbolic meanings of this burial furniture. Why did Anatolian elites want to bury their dead on replicas of Greek furniture? Do the klinai found in Anatolian tombs represent Persian influence after the conquest of Anatolia, as previous scholarship has suggested? Bringing a diverse body of understudied and unpublished material together for the first time, Baughan investigates the origins and cultural significance of kline-burial and charts the stylistic development and distribution of funerary klinai throughout Anatolia. She contends that funeral couch burials and banqueter representations in funerary art helped construct hybridized Anatolian-Persian identities in Achaemenid Anatolia, and she reassesses the origins of the custom of the reclining banquet itself, a defining feature of ancient Mediterranean civilizations. Baughan explores the relationships of Anatolian funeral couches with similar traditions in Etruria and Macedonia as well as their "afterlife" in the modern era, and her study also includes a comprehensive survey of evidence for ancient klinai in general, based on analysis of more than three hundred klinai representations on Greek vases as well as archaeological and textual sources.

The Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar

Elizabeth Simpson
The Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar Book PDF

Author : Elizabeth Simpson
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 1049 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2018-06-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004361713

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The Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar by Elizabeth Simpson Pdf

The Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar: Papers Presented to Oscar White Muscarella, edited by Elizabeth Simpson, celebrates the career of one of the foremost archaeologists of the ancient Near East. Forty-seven major scholars contribute to this unusual and important volume.

Roman Phrygia

Peter Thonemann
Roman Phrygia Book PDF

Author : Peter Thonemann
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013-08-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107292499

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Roman Phrygia by Peter Thonemann Pdf

The bleak steppe and rolling highlands of inner Anatolia were one of the most remote and underdeveloped parts of the Roman empire. Still today, for most historians of the Roman world, ancient Phrygia largely remains terra incognita. Yet thanks to a startling abundance of Greek and Latin inscriptions on stone, the cultural history of the villages and small towns of Roman Phrygia is known to us in vivid and unexpected detail. Few parts of the Mediterranean world offer so rich a body of evidence for rural society in the Roman Imperial and late antique periods, and for the flourishing of ancient Christianity within this landscape. The eleven essays in this book offer new perspectives on the remarkable culture, lifestyles, art and institutions of the Anatolian uplands in antiquity.

Sacred Killing

Anne Porter,Glenn M. Schwarz
Sacred Killing Book PDF

Author : Anne Porter,Glenn M. Schwarz
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2012-09-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781575066769

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Sacred Killing by Anne Porter,Glenn M. Schwarz Pdf

What is sacrifice? How can we identify it in the archaeological record? And what does it tell us about the societies that practice it? Sacred Killing: The Archaeology of Sacrifice in the Ancient Near East investigates these and other questions through the evidence for human and animal sacrifice in the Near East from the Neolithic to the Hellenistic periods. Drawing on sociocultural anthropology and history in addition to archaeology, the book also includes evidence from ancient China and a riveting eyewitness account and analysis of sacrifice in contemporary India, which engage some of the key issues at stake. Sacred Killing vividly presents a variety of methods and theories in the study of one of the most profound and disturbing ritual activities humans have ever practiced.

Cyrus the Great

Lynette Mitchell
Cyrus the Great Book PDF

Author : Lynette Mitchell
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2023-06-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000874396

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Cyrus the Great by Lynette Mitchell Pdf

Cyrus the Great was a celebrity of the ancient world, the founder of one of the first world empires in the ancient Near East, whose life and deeds were celebrated through the many stories told about him, then and for millennia. This book offers an analysis of these stories, locating them within the rich storytelling cultures of the ancient Mediterranean and the Near East. Although there are few fixed points in Cyrus’ career, it is possible to see through these narratives the way his kingship developed so he became not just the instrument of the gods, but also their companion. Mitchell explores what these stories reveal about the different societies and cultures who engaged with the mythology surrounding Cyrus in order to examine their own conceptions of great men, leadership, kingship, and power. Such was his celebrity in antiquity that the stories about his kingship have remained influential over the course of two and a half thousand years into the modern era. Cyrus the Great: A Biography of Kingship is of interest to students and scholars studying the Achaemenids and ancient kingship, particularly as it is depicted in the literary and historical traditions of the ancient Near East, as well as those working on the Near Eastern world more generally. Scholars of Greek history in this period will also find much to interest them.

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia

Sharon R. Steadman,Gregory McMahon
The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia Book PDF

Author : Sharon R. Steadman,Gregory McMahon
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2011-04-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199704477

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The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia by Sharon R. Steadman,Gregory McMahon Pdf

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia is a unique blend of comprehensive overviews on archaeological, philological, linguistic, and historical issues at the forefront of Anatolian scholarship in the 21st century. Anatolia is home to early complex societies and great empires and was the destination of many migrants, visitors, and invaders. The offerings in this volume bring this reality to life as the chapters unfold nearly ten thousand years (ca. 10,000-323 BCE) of peoples, languages, and diverse cultures who lived in or traversed Anatolia over these millennia. The contributors combine descriptions of current scholarship on important discussion and debates in Anatolian studies with new and cutting edge research for future directions of study. The 54 chapters are presented in five separate sections that range in topic from chronological and geographical overviews to anthropologically-based issues of culture contact and imperial structures and from historical settings of entire millennia to crucial data from key sites across the region. The contributers to the volume represent the best scholars in the field from North America, Europe, Turkey, and Asia. The appearance of this volume offers the very latest collection of studies on the fascinating peninsula known as Anatolia.

Hittite Texts and Greek Religion

Ian Rutherford
Hittite Texts and Greek Religion Book PDF

Author : Ian Rutherford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-23
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780192599940

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Hittite Texts and Greek Religion by Ian Rutherford Pdf

Our knowledge of ancient Greece has been transformed in the last century by an increased understanding of the cultures of the Ancient Near East. This is particularly true of ancient religion. This book looks at the relationship between the religious systems of Ancient Greece and the Hittites, who controlled Turkey in the Late Bronze Age (1400-1200 BC). The cuneiform texts preserved in the Hittite archives provide a particularly rich source for religious practice, detailing festivals, purification rituals, oracle-consultations, prayers, and myths of the Hittite state, as well as documenting the religious practice of neighbouring Anatolian states in which the Hittites took an interest. Hittite religion is thus more comprehensively documented than any other ancient religious tradition in the Near East, even Egypt. The Hittites are also known to have been in contact with Mycenaean Greece, known to them as Ahhiyawa. The book first sets out the evidence and provides a methodological paradigm for using comparative data. It then explores cases where there may have been contact or influence, such as in the case of scapegoat rituals or the Kumarbi-Cycle. Finally, it considers key aspects of religious practices shared by both systems, such as the pantheon, rituals of war, festivals, and animal sacrifice. The aim of such a comparison is to discover clues that may further our understanding of the deep history of religious practices and, when used in conjunction with historical data, illuminate the differences between cultures and reveal what is distinctive about each of them.

The Cambridge World Prehistory

Colin Renfrew,Paul Bahn
The Cambridge World Prehistory Book PDF

Author : Colin Renfrew,Paul Bahn
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 5256 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781107647756

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The Cambridge World Prehistory by Colin Renfrew,Paul Bahn Pdf

The Cambridge World Prehistory provides a systematic and authoritative examination of the prehistory of every region around the world from the early days of human origins in Africa two million years ago to the beginnings of written history, which in some areas started only two centuries ago. Written by a team of leading international scholars, the volumes include both traditional topics and cutting-edge approaches, such as archaeolinguistics and molecular genetics, and examine the essential questions of human development around the world. The volumes are organised geographically, exploring the evolution of hominins and their expansion from Africa, as well as the formation of states and development in each region of different technologies such as seafaring, metallurgy and food production. The Cambridge World Prehistory reveals a rich and complex history of the world. It will be an invaluable resource for any student or scholar of archaeology and related disciplines looking to research a particular topic, tradition, region or period within prehistory.

The Archaeology of Phrygian Gordion, Royal City of Midas

C. Brian Rose
The Archaeology of Phrygian Gordion Royal City of Midas Book PDF

Author : C. Brian Rose
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781934536599

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The Archaeology of Phrygian Gordion, Royal City of Midas by C. Brian Rose Pdf

Some of the most dramatic new discoveries in Asia Minor have been made at Gordion, the Phrygian capital that controlled much of central Asia Minor for close to two centuries. The most famous ruler of the kingdom was Midas, who regularly negotiated with Greeks in the west and Assyrians in the east during his reign. Excavations have been conducted at Gordion over the course of the last 60 years, all under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. In spite of the economic and political importance of Gordion and the Phrygians, the site is consistently omitted from courses in Old World archaeology, primarily because Gordion lies too far to the west for many Near Eastern archaeologists, and too far to the east for classical archaeologists. Moreover, there is no book that offers a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the material culture of Gordion during the Phrygian period, a gap that will be filled by this volume. The chapters cover all aspects of Gordion's Phrygian settlement topography from the arrival of the Phrygians in the tenth century B.C. through the arrival of Alexander the Great in 333 B.C., focusing on the site's changing topography and the consistently fluctuating interaction between the inhabitants and the landscape. A reexamination of the material culture of Phrygian Gordion is particularly timely, given the dramatic recent changes in the site's chronology, wherein the dates of many discoveries have changed by as much as a century. The authors are among the leading experts in Near Eastern archaeology, historic preservation, paleobotany, and ancient furniture, and their articles highlight the interdisciplinary nature of the Gordion project. A significant component of the book is a new color phase plan of the site that succinctly presents the topography in diachronic perspective.