Explaining Disease Philosophical Reflections On Medical Research And Clinical Practice

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Explaining Disease: Philosophical Reflections on Medical Research and Clinical Practice

Raffaella Campaner
Explaining Disease Philosophical Reflections on Medical Research and Clinical Practice Book PDF

Author : Raffaella Campaner
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2022-08-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783031058837

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Explaining Disease: Philosophical Reflections on Medical Research and Clinical Practice by Raffaella Campaner Pdf

This interdisciplinary monograph in philosophy of medicine examines models of explanation in health science and their relation with current medical trends, such as personalized and person-centered medicine. Medicine has provided challenging case studies for the general philosophy of science that have prompted rethinking of a wide range of philosophical notions – such as scientific law, theory and evidence – and contributed to the elaboration of pluralistic approaches to modeling, causality and explanation. The health sciences have increasingly recognized the role of philosophy of medicine as both a field of conceptual and methodological reflection, capable of addressing practical issues, and hence relevant for a proper understanding of the construction of medical knowledge, modeling practices, therapeutic strategies and preventive decisions. 'Explaining Disease' contains various case studies in medicine to describe the assumptions underpinning the construction of explanatory models of diseases. It shows the impact different explanatory strategies can have on practical matters, which in turn affect clinical evaluation and therapy and public health decisions. The book concludes with a few open-ended reflections to foster more thorough consideration of the role of philosophy of medicine can play its dialogue with the health sciences.

Philosophy of Medicine

Anonim
Philosophy of Medicine Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 601 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2011-07-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080930916

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Philosophy of Medicine by Anonim Pdf

This volume covers a wide range of conceptual, epistemological and methodological issues in the philosophy of science raised by reflection upon medical science and practice. Several chapters examine such general meta-scientific concepts as discovery, reduction, theories and models, causal inference and scientific realism as they apply to medicine or medical science in particular. Some discuss important concepts specific to medicine (diagnosis, health, disease, brain death). A topic such as evidence, for instance, is examined at a variety of levels, from social mechanisms for guiding evidence-based reasoning such as evidence-based medicine, consensus conferences, and clinical trials, to the more abstract analysis of experimentation, inference and uncertainty. Some chapters reflect on particular domains of medicine, including psychiatry, public health, and nursing. The contributions span a broad range of detailed cases from the science and practice of medicine, as well as a broad range of intellectual approaches, from conceptual analysis to detailed examinations of particular scientific papers or historical episodes. Chapters view philosophy of medicine from quite different angles Considers substantive cases from both medical science and practice Chapters from a distinguished array of contributors

Fuzziness and Medicine: Philosophical Reflections and Application Systems in Health Care

Rudolf Seising,Marco Elio Tabacchi
Fuzziness and Medicine Philosophical Reflections and Application Systems in Health Care Book PDF

Author : Rudolf Seising,Marco Elio Tabacchi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 447 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642365270

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Fuzziness and Medicine: Philosophical Reflections and Application Systems in Health Care by Rudolf Seising,Marco Elio Tabacchi Pdf

This book is a collection of contributions written by philosophers and scientists active in different fields, such as mathematics, logics, social sciences, computer sciences and linguistics. They comment on and discuss various parts of and subjects and propositions introduced in the Handbook of Analytical Philosophy of Medicine from Kadem Sadegh-Zadeh, published by Springer in 2012. This volume reports on the fruitful exchange and debate that arose in the fuzzy community upon the publication of the Handbook. This was not only very much appreciated by the community but also seen as a critical starting point for beginning a new discussion. The results of this discussion, which involved many different perspectives from science and the humanities and was warmly encouraged by Kadem Sadegh-Zadeh himself, are accurately reported in this volume, which is intended to be a critical companion to Kadem Sadegh-Zadeh ́s handbook. Rudolf Seising is currently an adjunct researcher at the European Centre for Soft Computing in Mieres, Asturias (Spain) and a college lecturer at the Faculty of History and Arts, at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (Germany). Marco Elio Tabacchi is currently the Scientific Director of the Italian National Research & Survey Organization Demopolis, and a research assistant in the Soft Computing Group at University of Palermo (Italy).

Classification, Disease and Evidence

Philippe Huneman,Gérard Lambert,Marc Silberstein
Classification Disease and Evidence Book PDF

Author : Philippe Huneman,Gérard Lambert,Marc Silberstein
Publisher : Springer
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2014-10-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401788878

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Classification, Disease and Evidence by Philippe Huneman,Gérard Lambert,Marc Silberstein Pdf

This anthology of essays presents a sample of studies from recent philosophy of medicine addressing issues which attempt to answer very general (interdependent) questions: (a) what is a disease and what is health? (b) How do we (causally) explain diseases? (c) And how do we distinguish diseases, i.e. define classes of diseases and recognize that an instance X of disease belongs to a given class B? (d) How do we assess and choose cure/ therapy? The book is divided into three sections: classification, disease and evidence. In general, attention is focused on statistics in medicine and epidemiology, issues in psychiatry and connecting medicine with evolutionary biology and genetics. Many authors position the theories that they address within their historical contexts. The nature of health and disease will be addressed in several essays that also touch upon very general questions about the definition of medicine and its status. Several chapters scrutinize classification because of its centrality within philosophical problems raised by medicine and its core position in the philosophical questioning of psychiatry. Specificities of medical explanation have recently come under a new light, particularly because of the rise of statistical methods and several chapters investigate these methods in specific contexts such as epidemiology or meta-analysis of random testing. Taken together this collection addresses the question of how we gather, use and assess evidence for various medical theories. The rich assortment of disciplines featured also includes epidemiology, parasitology and public health, while technical aspects such as the application of game theory to medical research and the misuse of the DSM in forensic psychiatry are also given an airing. The book addresses more than the construction of medical knowledge, however, adding cogent appraisal of the processes of decision making in medicine and the protocols used to justify therapeutic choices.

The Principles and Practice of Narrative Medicine

Rita Charon,Sayantani DasGupta,Nellie Hermann,Craig Irvine,Eric R. Marcus,Edgar Rivera Colsn,Danielle Spencer,Maura Spiegel
The Principles and Practice of Narrative Medicine Book PDF

Author : Rita Charon,Sayantani DasGupta,Nellie Hermann,Craig Irvine,Eric R. Marcus,Edgar Rivera Colsn,Danielle Spencer,Maura Spiegel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2016-10-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199360215

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The Principles and Practice of Narrative Medicine by Rita Charon,Sayantani DasGupta,Nellie Hermann,Craig Irvine,Eric R. Marcus,Edgar Rivera Colsn,Danielle Spencer,Maura Spiegel Pdf

Narrative medicine is a fresh discipline of health care that helps patients and health professionals to tell and listen to the complex and unique stories of illness. The Principles and Practice of Narrative Medicine expresses the collective experience and discoveries of the originators of the field. Arising at Columbia University in 2000 from roots in the humanities and patient-centered care, narrative medicine draws patients, doctors, nurses, therapists, and health activists together to re-imagine a health care based on trust and trustworthiness, humility, and mutual recognition. Over a decade of education and research has crystallized the goals and methods of narrative medicine, leading to increasingly powerful means to improve the care that patients receive. The methods described in this book harness creativity and insight to help the professionals in being with patients, not just to diagnose and treat them but to bear witness to what they undergo. Narrative medicine training in literary theory, philosophy, narrative ethics, and the creative arts increases clinicians' capacity to perceive the turmoil and suffering borne by patients and to help them to cohere or endure the chaos of illness. Narrative medicine has achieved an international reputation and reach. Many health care settings adopt methods of narrative medicine in teaching and practice. Through the Master of Science in Narrative Medicine graduate program and health professions school curricula at Columbia University, more and more clinicians and scholars have obtained the rigorous training necessary to practice and teach narrative medicine. This text is offered to all who seek the opportunity for disciplined training in narrative medicine. By clearly articulating our principles and practice, this book provides the standards of the field for those who want to join us in seeking authenticity, recognition, affiliation, and justice in a narrative health care.

Science, Medicine, and the Aims of Inquiry

Somogy Varga
Science Medicine and the Aims of Inquiry Book PDF

Author : Somogy Varga
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 243 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781009449991

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Science, Medicine, and the Aims of Inquiry by Somogy Varga Pdf

After its unparalleled rise and expansion over the past century, medicine is increasingly criticized both as a science and clinical practice for lacking scientific rigor, for contributing to overmedicalization, and for failing to offer patient-centered care. This criticism highlights serious challenges which indicate that the scope and societal role of medicine are likely to be altered in the 21st century. Somogy Varga's ground-breaking book offers a new perspective on the challenges, showing that they converge on fundamental philosophical questions about the nature and aim of medicine. Addressing these questions, Varga presents a philosophical examination of the norms and values constitutive of medicine and offers new perspectives on how to address the challenges that the criticism raises. His book will offer valuable input for rethinking the agenda of medical research, health care delivery, and the education of health care personnel.

Philosophy of Molecular Medicine

Giovanni Boniolo,Marco J. Nathan
Philosophy of Molecular Medicine Book PDF

Author : Giovanni Boniolo,Marco J. Nathan
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2016-11-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317378358

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Philosophy of Molecular Medicine by Giovanni Boniolo,Marco J. Nathan Pdf

Philosophy of Molecular Medicine: Foundational Issues in Theory and Practice aims at a systematic investigation of a number of foundational issues in the field of molecular medicine. The volume is organized around four broad modules focusing, respectively, on the following key aspects: What are the nature, scope, and limits of molecular medicine? How does it provide explanations? How does it represent and model phenomena of interest? How does it infer new knowledge from data and experiments? The essays collected here, authored by prominent scientists and philosophers of science, focus on a handful of mainstream topics in the philosophical literature, such as causation, explanation, modeling, and scientific inference. These previously unpublished contributions shed new light on these traditional topics by integrating them with problems, methods, and results from three prominent areas of contemporary biomedical science: basic research, translational and clinical research, and clinical practice.

Health, Science, and Ordinary Language

Lennart Nordenfelt,George Khushf,K. W. M. Fulford
Health Science and Ordinary Language Book PDF

Author : Lennart Nordenfelt,George Khushf,K. W. M. Fulford
Publisher : Rodopi
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Act (Philosophy)
ISBN : 9042013060

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Health, Science, and Ordinary Language by Lennart Nordenfelt,George Khushf,K. W. M. Fulford Pdf

This book is a contribution to the current philosophical discussion on the nature of health and illness. It contains a comparative analysis and reevaluation of four influential contemporary theories in this field. These are the biostatistical theory of Christopher Boorse which represents the mainstream thinking in medicine, and three versions of a holistic and normative understanding of health and illness which are the theories of Lawrie Reznek, K. W. M. Fulford, and Lennart Nordenfelt. In this unusual volume of assessment, Nordenfelt critically reexamines his own theory, and George Khushf and K. W. M. Fulford contribute critical responses.

Rethinking Causality, Complexity and Evidence for the Unique Patient

Rani Lill Anjum,Samantha Copeland,Elena Rocca
Rethinking Causality Complexity and Evidence for the Unique Patient Book PDF

Author : Rani Lill Anjum,Samantha Copeland,Elena Rocca
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2020-06-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030412395

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Rethinking Causality, Complexity and Evidence for the Unique Patient by Rani Lill Anjum,Samantha Copeland,Elena Rocca Pdf

This open access book is a unique resource for health professionals who are interested in understanding the philosophical foundations of their daily practice. It provides tools for untangling the motivations and rationality behind the way medicine and healthcare is studied, evaluated and practiced. In particular, it illustrates the impact that thinking about causation, complexity and evidence has on the clinical encounter. The book shows how medicine is grounded in philosophical assumptions that could at least be challenged. By engaging with ideas that have shaped the medical profession, clinicians are empowered to actively take part in setting the premises for their own practice and knowledge development. Written in an engaging and accessible style, with contributions from experienced clinicians, this book presents a new philosophical framework that takes causal complexity, individual variation and medical uniqueness as default expectations for health and illness.

Handbook of the Philosophy of Medicine

Thomas Schramme,Steven Edwards
Handbook of the Philosophy of Medicine Book PDF

Author : Thomas Schramme,Steven Edwards
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2017-02-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9401786879

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Handbook of the Philosophy of Medicine by Thomas Schramme,Steven Edwards Pdf

This is the first wide-ranging, multi-authored handbook in the field of philosophy of medicine, covering the underlying conceptual issues of many important social, political and ethical issues in health care. It introduces and develops over 70 topics, concepts, and issues in the field. It is written by distinguished specialists from multiple disciplines, including philosophy, health sciences, nursing, sociology, political theory, and medicine. Many difficult social and ethical issues in health care are based on conceptual problems, most prominently on the definitions of health and disease, or on epistemological issues regarding causality or diagnosis. Philosophy is the discipline that deals with such conceptual, metaphysical, epistemological, methodological, and axiological matters. This handbook covers all the central concepts in medicine, such as ageing, death, disease, mental disorder, and well-being. It is an invaluable source for laypeople, academics with an interest in medicine, and health care specialists who want be informed and up to date with the relevant discussions. The text also advances these debates and will set the agenda for years to come.

The DSM-5 in Perspective

Steeves Demazeux,Patrick Singy
The DSM 5 in Perspective Book PDF

Author : Steeves Demazeux,Patrick Singy
Publisher : Springer
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2015-02-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789401797658

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The DSM-5 in Perspective by Steeves Demazeux,Patrick Singy Pdf

Since its third edition in 1980, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association has acquired a hegemonic role in the health care professions and has had a broad impact on the lay public. The publication in May 2013 of its fifth edition, the DSM-5, marked the latest milestone in the history of the DSM and of American psychiatry. In The DSM-5 in Perspective: Philosophical Reflections on the Psychiatric Babel, experts in the philosophy of psychiatry propose original essays that explore the main issues related to the DSM-5, such as the still weak validity and reliability of the classification, the scientific status of its revision process, the several cultural, gender and sexist biases that are apparent in the criteria, the comorbidity issue and the categorical vs. dimensional debate. For several decades the DSM has been nicknamed “The Psychiatric Bible.” This volume would like to suggest another biblical metaphor: the Tower of Babel. Altogether, the essays in this volume describe the DSM as an imperfect and unachievable monument – a monument that was originally built to celebrate the new unity of clinical psychiatric discourse, but that ended up creating, as a result of its hubris, ever more profound practical divisions and theoretical difficulties.

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Psychiatry

Richard Gipps
The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Psychiatry Book PDF

Author : Richard Gipps
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1341 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2013-07-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199579563

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The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Psychiatry by Richard Gipps Pdf

Philosophy has much to offer psychiatry, not least regarding ethical issues, but also issues regarding the mind, identity, values, and volition. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Psychiatry offers the most comprehensive reference resource for this area every published - one that is essential for both students and researchers in this field.

Evidence and Hypothesis in Clinical Medical Science

John Alexander Pinkston
Evidence and Hypothesis in Clinical Medical Science Book PDF

Author : John Alexander Pinkston
Publisher : Springer
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2021-05-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3030442721

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Evidence and Hypothesis in Clinical Medical Science by John Alexander Pinkston Pdf

In this book, the author argues that no current philosophical theory of evidence in clinical medical science is adequate. None can accurately explain the way evidence is gathered and used to confirm hypotheses. To correct this, he proposes a new approach called the weight of evidence account. This innovative method supplies a satisfactory explanation and rationale for the “hierarchical pyramid” of evidence–based medicine, with randomized clinical trials and their derivatives, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials at the top and case reports, case series, expert opinion, and the like at the bottom. The author illustrates the development of various “levels” of evidence by considering the evolution of less invasive surgical treatments for early breast cancer. He shows that the weight of evidence account explains the notion of levels of evidence and other efforts to rank them. In addition, he presents a defense of randomization as a method to maximize accuracy in the conduct of clinical trials. The title also considers ethical issues surrounding experimentation with medical therapies in human subjects. It illustrates and discusses these issues in studies of respiratory therapies in neonates and treatment for certain cancers in adults. The author shows that in many cases sufficient evidence can be accrued to warrant generally accepted new therapies without the need for evidence derived from randomized clinical trials.

Clinical Reasoning: Knowledge, Uncertainty, and Values in Health Care

Daniele Chiffi
Clinical Reasoning Knowledge Uncertainty and Values in Health Care Book PDF

Author : Daniele Chiffi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 303059095X

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Clinical Reasoning: Knowledge, Uncertainty, and Values in Health Care by Daniele Chiffi Pdf

This book offers a philosophically-based, yet clinically-oriented perspective on current medical reasoning aiming at 1) identifying important forms of uncertainty permeating current clinical reasoning and practice 2) promoting the application of an abductive methodology in the health context in order to deal with those clinical uncertainties 3) bridging the gap between biomedical knowledge, clinical practice, and research and values in both clinical and philosophical literature. With a clear philosophical emphasis, the book investigates themes lying at the border between several disciplines, such as medicine, nursing, logic, epistemology, and philosophy of science; but also ethics, epidemiology, and statistics. At the same time, it critically discusses and compares several professional approaches to clinical practice such as the one of medical doctors, nurses and other clinical practitioners, showing the need for developing a unified framework of reasoning, which merges methods and resources from many different clinical but also non-clinical disciplines. In particular, this book shows how to leverage nursing knowledge and practice, which has been considerably neglected so far, to further shape the interdisciplinary nature of clinical reasoning. Furthermore, a thorough philosophical investigation on the values involved in health care is provided, based on both the clinical and philosophical literature. The book concludes by proposing an integrative approach to health and disease going beyond the so-called "classical biomedical model of care".

An Introductory Philosophy of Medicine

James A. Marcum
An Introductory Philosophy of Medicine Book PDF

Author : James A. Marcum
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2008-05-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781402067976

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An Introductory Philosophy of Medicine by James A. Marcum Pdf

In this book the author explores the shifting philosophical boundaries of modern medical knowledge and practice occasioned by the crisis of quality-of-care, especially in terms of the various humanistic adjustments to the biomedical model. To that end he examines the metaphysical, epistemological, and ethical boundaries of these medical models. He begins with their metaphysics, analyzing the metaphysical positions and presuppositions and ontological commitments upon which medical knowledge and practice is founded. Next, he considers the epistemological issues that face these medical models, particularly those driven by methodological procedures undertaken by epistemic agents to constitute medical knowledge and practice. Finally, he examines the axiological boundaries and the ethical implications of each model, especially in terms of the physician-patient relationship. In a concluding Epilogue, he discusses how the philosophical analysis of the humanization of modern medicine helps to address the crisis-of-care, as well as the question of “What is medicine?” The book’s unique features include a comprehensive coverage of the various topics in the philosophy of medicine that have emerged over the past several decades and a philosophical context for embedding bioethical discussions. The book’s target audiences include both undergraduate and graduate students, as well as healthcare professionals and professional philosophers. “This book is the 99th issue of the Series Philosophy and Medicine...and it can be considered a crown of thirty years of intensive and dynamic discussion in the field. We are completely convinced that after its publication, it can be finally said that undoubtedly the philosophy of medicine exists as a special field of inquiry.”