Explanation Prediction And Confirmation

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Explanation, Prediction, and Confirmation

Dennis Dieks,Wenceslao J. Gonzalez,Stephan Hartmann,Thomas Uebel,Marcel Weber
Explanation Prediction and Confirmation Book PDF

Author : Dennis Dieks,Wenceslao J. Gonzalez,Stephan Hartmann,Thomas Uebel,Marcel Weber
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 525 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2011-03-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400711808

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Explanation, Prediction, and Confirmation by Dennis Dieks,Wenceslao J. Gonzalez,Stephan Hartmann,Thomas Uebel,Marcel Weber Pdf

This volume, the second in the Springer series Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective, contains selected papers from the workshops organised by the ESF Research Networking Programme PSE (The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective) in 2009. Five general topics are addressed: 1. Formal Methods in the Philosophy of Science; 2. Philosophy of the Natural and Life Sciences; 3. Philosophy of the Cultural and Social Sciences; 4. Philosophy of the Physical Sciences; 5. History of the Philosophy of Science. This volume is accordingly divided in five sections, each section containing papers coming from the meetings focussing on one of these five themes. However, these sections are not completely independent and detached from each other. For example, an important connecting thread running through a substantial number of papers in this volume is the concept of probability: probability plays a central role in present-day discussions in formal epistemology, in the philosophy of the physical sciences, and in general methodological debates---it is central in discussions concerning explanation, prediction and confirmation. The volume thus also attempts to represent the intellectual exchange between the various fields in the philosophy of science that was central in the ESF workshops.

Philosophico-Methodological Analysis of Prediction and its Role in Economics

Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
Philosophico Methodological Analysis of Prediction and its Role in Economics Book PDF

Author : Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
Publisher : Springer
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2015-02-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319088853

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Philosophico-Methodological Analysis of Prediction and its Role in Economics by Wenceslao J. Gonzalez Pdf

This book develops a philosophico-methodological analysis of prediction and its role in economics. Prediction plays a key role in economics in various ways. It can be seen as a basic science, as an applied science and in the application of this science. First, it is used by economic theory in order to test the available knowledge. In this regard, prediction has been presented as the scientific test for economics as a science. Second, prediction provides a content regarding the possible future that can be used for prescription in applied economics. Thus, it can be used as a guide for economic policy, i.e., as knowledge concerning the future to be employed for the resolution of specific problems. Third, prediction also has a role in the application of this science in the public arena. This is through the decision-making of the agents — individuals or organizations — in quite different settings, both in the realm of microeconomics and macroeconomics. Within this context, the research is organized in five parts, which discuss relevant aspects of the role of prediction in economics: I) The problem of prediction as a test for a science; II) The general orientation in methodology of science and the problem of prediction as a scientific test; III) The methodological framework of social sciences and economics: Incidence for prediction as a test; IV) Epistemology and methodology of economic prediction: Rationality and empirical approaches and V) Methodological aspects of economic prediction: From description to prescription. Thus, the book is of interest for philosophers and economists as well as policy-makers seeking to ascertain the roots of their performance. The style used lends itself to a wide audience.

The Present Situation in the Philosophy of Science

Friedrich Stadler
The Present Situation in the Philosophy of Science Book PDF

Author : Friedrich Stadler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 403 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2010-05-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789048191154

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The Present Situation in the Philosophy of Science by Friedrich Stadler Pdf

This volume is a serious attempt to open up the subject of European philosophy of science to real thought, and provide the structural basis for the interdisciplinary development of its specialist fields, but also to provoke reflection on the idea of ‘European philosophy of science’. This efforts should foster a contemporaneous reflection on what might be meant by philosophy of science in Europe and European philosophy of science, and how in fact awareness of it could assist philosophers interpret and motivate their research through a stronger collective identity.The overarching aim is to set the background for a collaborative project organising, systematising, and ultimately forging an identity for, European philosophy of science by creating research structures and developing research networks across Europe to promote its development.

Modes of Explanation

M. Lissack,A. Graber
Modes of Explanation Book PDF

Author : M. Lissack,A. Graber
Publisher : Springer
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2014-12-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781137403865

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Modes of Explanation by M. Lissack,A. Graber Pdf

Modes of Explanation is the first book in decades to attempt to bring these conflicting approaches together and to offer a compelling narrative to explore how the paradox of 'explanation' can converge.

The Possibility of Naturalism

Roy Bhaskar
The Possibility of Naturalism Book PDF

Author : Roy Bhaskar
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2014-07-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317629863

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The Possibility of Naturalism by Roy Bhaskar Pdf

Since its original publication in 1979, The Possibility of Naturalism has been one of the most influential works in contemporary philosophy of science and social science. It is one of the cornerstones of the critical realist position, which is now widely seen as offering perhaps the only viable alternative to positivism and post positivism. This fourth edition contains a new foreword from Mervyn Hartwig, who is founding editor of the Journal of Critical Realism and editor and principal author of the Dictionary of Critical Realism.

On Foundations Of Seismology: Bringing Idealizations Down To Earth

James Robert Brown,Michael A Slawinski
On Foundations Of Seismology Bringing Idealizations Down To Earth Book PDF

Author : James Robert Brown,Michael A Slawinski
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2017-04-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789813207028

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On Foundations Of Seismology: Bringing Idealizations Down To Earth by James Robert Brown,Michael A Slawinski Pdf

'I can wholeheartedly recommend this book students, researchers, college and university science professors, and readers of The Leading Edge. I also recommend it to all those who want to enrich their own experience of practicing and teaching science with some carefully considered soul searching on how it all fits together in the human story of ‘figuring things out’ … It is written throughout with precise and careful language: prudently paced, carefully crafted, eloquently enunciated, and playfully illuminated.'The Leading EdgeThis remarkable collaboration between a mathematical physicist and a science philosopher concerns foundational and conceptual issues in seismology. Their aim is to present mathematical, physical and philosophical topics in a clear and concise manner. They provide an extensive philosophical discussion of the methods of science and show how seismology fits in. They explain with care and precision the basic structure of seismology, which is built on classical continuum mechanics. Not only do they explain how various models work in seismology, they also include an extensive discussion of the nature of models and idealizations.

Reductive Explanation in the Biological Sciences

Marie I. Kaiser
Reductive Explanation in the Biological Sciences Book PDF

Author : Marie I. Kaiser
Publisher : Springer
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2015-12-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319253107

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Reductive Explanation in the Biological Sciences by Marie I. Kaiser Pdf

This book develops a philosophical account that reveals the major characteristics that make an explanation in the life sciences reductive and distinguish them from non-reductive explanations. Understanding what reductive explanations are enables one to assess the conditions under which reductive explanations are adequate and thus enhances debates about explanatory reductionism. The account of reductive explanation presented in this book has three major characteristics. First, it emerges from a critical reconstruction of the explanatory practice of the life sciences itself. Second, the account is monistic since it specifies one set of criteria that apply to explanations in the life sciences in general. Finally, the account is ontic in that it traces the reductivity of an explanation back to certain relations that exist between objects in the world (such as part-whole relations and level relations), rather than to the logical relations between sentences. Beginning with a disclosure of the meta-philosophical assumptions that underlie the author’s analysis of reductive explanation, the book leads into the debate about reduction(ism) in the philosophy of biology and continues with a discussion on the two perspectives on explanatory reduction that have been proposed in the philosophy of biology so far. The author scrutinizes how the issue of reduction becomes entangled with explanation and analyzes two concepts, the concept of a biological part and the concept of a level of organization. The results of these five chapters constitute the ground on which the author bases her final chapter, developing her ontic account of reductive explanation.

Pragmatic Idealism and Scientific Prediction

Amanda Guillán
Pragmatic Idealism and Scientific Prediction Book PDF

Author : Amanda Guillán
Publisher : Springer
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2017-08-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319630434

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Pragmatic Idealism and Scientific Prediction by Amanda Guillán Pdf

This monograph analyzes Nicholas Rescher’s system of pragmatic idealism. It also looks at his approach to prediction in science. Coverage highlights a prominent contribution to a central topic in the philosophy and methodology of science. The author offers a full characterization of Rescher’s system of philosophy. She presents readers with a comprehensive philosophico-methodological analysis of this important work. Her research takes into account different thematic realms: semantic, logical, epistemological, methodological, ontological, axiological, and ethical. The book features three, thematic-parts: I) General Coordinates, Semantic Features and Logical Components of Scientific Prediction; II) Predictive Knowledge and Predictive Processes in Rescher’s Methodological Pragmatism; and III) From Reality to Values: Ontological Features, Axiological Elements, and Ethical Aspects of Scientific Prediction. This insightful analysis offers a critical reconstruction of Rescher’s philosophy. The system he created is often characterized as pragmatic idealism that is open to some realist elements. He is a prominent representative of contemporary pragmatism who has made a great deal of contributions to the study of this topic. This area is crucial for science and it has been little considered in the philosophy of science.

Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences

Byron Kaldis
Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences Book PDF

Author : Byron Kaldis
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 1195 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781412986892

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Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences by Byron Kaldis Pdf

"This encyclopedia, magnificently edited by Byron Kaldis, will become a valuable source both of reference and inspiration for all those who are interested in the interrelation between philosophy and the many facets of the social sciences. A must read for every student of the humanities."--Wulf Gaertner, University of Osnabrueck, Germany "Byron Kaldis' Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences is a triumph. The entries are consistently good, the coverage is amazing, and he has managed to involve the whole scholarly community in this field. It shows off the field very well, and will be a magnificent resource for students and others." -- Stephen Turner, USF, USA “ Like all good works of reference this Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences is not to be treated passively: it provides clear and sometimes controversial material for constructive confrontation. It is a rich resource for critical engagement. The Encyclopedia conceived and edited by Byron Kaldis is a work of impressive scope and I am delighted to have it on my bookshelf.”-- David Bloor, Edinburgh, UK "This splendid and possibly unique work steers a skilful course between narrower conceptions of philosophy and the social sciences. It will be an invaluable resource for students and researchers in either or both fields, and to anyone working on the interrelations between them." -- William Outhwaite, Newcastle, UK "A work of vast scope and widely gathered expertise, the Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences is a splendid resource for anyone interested in the interface between philosophy and the social sciences." --Nicholas Rescher, Pittsburgh This encyclopedia is the first of its kind in bringing together philosophy and the social sciences. It is not only about the philosophy of the social sciences but, going beyond that, it is also about the relationship between philosophy and the social sciences. The subject of this encyclopedia is purposefully multi- and inter-disciplinary. Knowledge boundaries are both delineated and crossed over. The goal is to convey a clear sense of how philosophy looks at the social sciences and to mark out a detailed picture of how the two are interrelated: interwoven at certain times but also differentiated and contrasted at others. The Entries cover topics of central significance but also those that are both controversial and on the cutting-edge, underlining the unique mark of this Encyclopedia: the interrelationship between philosophy and the social sciences, especially as it is found in fresh ideas and unprecedented hybrid disciplinary areas. The Encyclopedia serves a further dual purpose: it contributes to the renewal of the philosophy of the social sciences and helps to promote novel modes of thinking about some of its classic problems. “The Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences edited by Byron Kaldis, provides a unique, needed, and invaluable resource for researchers at every level. Unique because nothing else offers the breadth of coverage found in this work; needed because it permits researchers to find longer but also relatively brief, clear, but nonetheless expert articles introducing important topics; and invaluable because of the guidance offered to both related topics and further study. It should be the place that any interested person looks first when seeking to learn about philosophy and the social sciences.” Paul Roth, UC Santa Cruz, USA “The Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences edited by Byron Kaldis covers an enormous range of topics in philosophy and the social sciences and the entries are compact overviews of the essential issues” Harold Kincaid, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA

The New Handbook of Research on Music Teaching and Learning

Richard Colwell,Carol Richardson
The New Handbook of Research on Music Teaching and Learning Book PDF

Author : Richard Colwell,Carol Richardson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1249 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2002-04-18
Category : Music
ISBN : 9780199771523

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The New Handbook of Research on Music Teaching and Learning by Richard Colwell,Carol Richardson Pdf

Featuring chapters by the world's foremost scholars in music education and cognition, this handbook is a convenient collection of current research on music teaching and learning. This comprehensive work includes sections on arts advocacy, music and medicine, teacher education, and studio instruction, among other subjects, making it an essential reference for music education programs. The original Handbook of Research on Music Teaching and Learning, published in 1992 with the sponsorship of the Music Educators National Conference (MENC), was hailed as "a welcome addition to the literature on music education because it serves to provide definition and unity to a broad and complex field" (Choice). This new companion volume, again with the sponsorship of MENC, explores the significant changes in music and arts education that have taken place in the last decade. Notably, several chapters now incorporate insights from other fields to shed light on multi-cultural music education, gender issues in music education, and non-musical outcomes of music education. Other chapters offer practical information on maintaining musicians' health, training music teachers, and evaluating music education programs. Philosophical issues, such as musical cognition, the philosophy of research theory, curriculum, and educating musically, are also explored in relationship to policy issues. In addition to surveying the literature, each chapter considers the significance of the research and provides suggestions for future study. Covering a broad range of topics and addressing the issues of music education at all age levels, from early childhood to motivation and self-regulation, this handbook is an invaluable resource for music teachers, researchers, and scholars.

Body of Knowledge for Modeling and Simulation

Tuncer Ören,Bernard P. Zeigler,Andreas Tolk
Body of Knowledge for Modeling and Simulation Book PDF

Author : Tuncer Ören,Bernard P. Zeigler,Andreas Tolk
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 549 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2023-01-27
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031110856

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Body of Knowledge for Modeling and Simulation by Tuncer Ören,Bernard P. Zeigler,Andreas Tolk Pdf

Commissioned by the Society for Modeling and Simulation International (SCS), this needed, useful new ‘Body of Knowledge’ (BoK) collects and organizes the common understanding of a wide collection of professionals and professional associations. Modeling and simulation (M&S) is a ubiquitous discipline that lays the computational foundation for real and virtual experimentation, clearly stating boundaries—and interactions—of systems, data, and representations. The field is well known, too, for its training support via simulations and simulators. Indeed, with computers increasingly influencing the activities of today’s world, M&S is the third pillar of scientific understanding, taking its place along with theory building and empirical observation. This valuable new handbook provides intellectual support for all disciplines in analysis, design and optimization. It contributes increasingly to the growing number of computational disciplines, addressing the broad variety of contributing as well as supported disciplines and application domains. Further, each of its sections provide numerous references for further information. Highly comprehensive, the BoK represents many viewpoints and facets, captured under such topics as: Mathematical and Systems Theory Foundations Simulation Formalisms and Paradigms Synergies with Systems Engineering and Artificial Intelligence Multidisciplinary Challenges Ethics and Philosophy Historical Perspectives Examining theoretical as well as practical challenges, this unique volume addresses the many facets of M&S for scholars, students, and practitioners. As such, it affords readers from all science, engineering, and arts disciplines a comprehensive and concise representation of concepts, terms, and activities needed to explain the M&S discipline. Tuncer Ören is Professor Emeritus at the University of Ottawa. Bernard Zeigler is Professor Emeritus at the University of Arizona. Andreas Tolk is Chief Scientist at The MITRE Corporation. All three editors are long-time members and Fellows of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International. Under the leadership of three SCS Fellows, Dr. Ören, University of Ottawa, Dr. Zeigler, The University of Arizona, and Dr. Tolk, The MITRE Corporation, more than 50 international scholars from 15 countries provided insights and experience to compile this initial M&S Body of Knowledge.

MENC Handbook of Research Methodologies

Richard Colwell
MENC Handbook of Research Methodologies Book PDF

Author : Richard Colwell
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2006-02-23
Category : Music
ISBN : 9780190293444

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MENC Handbook of Research Methodologies by Richard Colwell Pdf

Combining key selections from the classic MENC Handbook of Research on Music Teaching and Learning (Schirmer, 1992) and the widely acclaimed New Handbook of Research on Music Teaching and Learning (Oxford, 2002), the MENC Handbook of Research Methodologies presents comprehensive coverage of the most important issues in music education research in a handy and accessible format. A distinguished team of internationally recognized experts offers cogent and concise insights that provide readers with up-to-date information and references. The volume covers the most important topics in this field, including the role of research in music education, philosophical, historical, qualitative, and quantitative research, as well as assessment and its relationship to research. Practical and affordable, this volume will prove essential for students and scholars of music education. It is both an excellent starting point for those looking to gain an orientation to the field, and an up-to-date reference guide to the most effective strategies for experienced researchers, instructors, and pedagogues.

Who Rules in Science?

James Robert Brown
Who Rules in Science Book PDF

Author : James Robert Brown
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780674013643

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Who Rules in Science? by James Robert Brown Pdf

Brown chronicles engagements in the science wars—from the “Sokal affair” to angry confrontations over the nature of evidence, the possibility of objectivity, and the methods of science—to show how the contested terrain is science, but the prize is political: Whoever wins the science wars will have an unprecedented influence on our governance.

Analysis and Management of Animal Populations

Byron K. Williams,James D. Nichols,Michael J. Conroy
Analysis and Management of Animal Populations Book PDF

Author : Byron K. Williams,James D. Nichols,Michael J. Conroy
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 837 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2002-05-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780080574721

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Analysis and Management of Animal Populations by Byron K. Williams,James D. Nichols,Michael J. Conroy Pdf

Analysis and Management of Animal Populations deals with the processes involved in making informed decisions about the management of animal populations. It covers the modeling of population responses to management actions, the estimation of quantities needed in the modeling effort, and the application of these estimates and models to the development of sound management decisions. The book synthesizes and integrates in a single volume the methods associated with these themes, as they apply to ecological assessment and conservation of animal populations. Integrates population modeling, parameter estimation and decision-theoretic approaches to management in a single, cohesive framework Provides authoritative, state-of-the-art descriptions of quantitative approaches to modeling, estimation and decision-making Emphasizes the role of mathematical modeling in the conduct of science and management Utilizes a unifying biological context, consistent mathematical notation, and numerous biological examples

Evidence, Explanation, and Realism

Peter Achinstein
Evidence Explanation and Realism Book PDF

Author : Peter Achinstein
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2010-05-28
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199735259

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Evidence, Explanation, and Realism by Peter Achinstein Pdf

The 15 essays in this volume by the distinguished philosopher of science Peter Achinstein address three fundamental questions: What is required for a fact to be evidence for a scientific hypothesis? What is involved in giving a scientific explanation of a phenomenon? And should scientific theories be construed as aiming to correctly describe the entire world or only the observable parts of it?