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Author : Brian L. N. Kennett,Andreas Fichtner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 505 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2020-12-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108830744
Developments in seismology including correlation techniques, heterogeneity and waveform inversion, illustrated with observational examples.
Author : Andreas Fichtner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2010-11-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642158070
Recent progress in numerical methods and computer science allows us today to simulate the propagation of seismic waves through realistically heterogeneous Earth models with unprecedented accuracy. Full waveform tomography is a tomographic technique that takes advantage of numerical solutions of the elastic wave equation. The accuracy of the numerical solutions and the exploitation of complete waveform information result in tomographic images that are both more realistic and better resolved. This book develops and describes state of the art methodologies covering all aspects of full waveform tomography including methods for the numerical solution of the elastic wave equation, the adjoint method, the design of objective functionals and optimisation schemes. It provides a variety of case studies on all scales from local to global based on a large number of examples involving real data. It is a comprehensive reference on full waveform tomography for advanced students, researchers and professionals.
Author : Nori Nakata,Lucia Gualtieri,Andreas Fichtner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-21
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781108417082
A comprehensive overview of seismic ambient noise, covering observations, physical origins, modelling, processing methods and applications in imaging and monitoring.
Author : Pibo Su,Wei Zhang,Zhifeng Wan,Lihua Zuo,Jinan Guan
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2023-02-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832514405
Author : Thomas Mejer Hansen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Seismic waves
ISBN : 8790400275
Author : Masaki Kanao
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2012-01-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789533079448
The importance of seismic wave research lies not only in our ability to understand and predict earthquakes and tsunamis, it also reveals information on the Earth's composition and features in much the same way as it led to the discovery of Mohorovicic's discontinuity. As our theoretical understanding of the physics behind seismic waves has grown, physical and numerical modeling have greatly advanced and now augment applied seismology for better prediction and engineering practices. This has led to some novel applications such as using artificially-induced shocks for exploration of the Earth's subsurface and seismic stimulation for increasing the productivity of oil wells. This book demonstrates the latest techniques and advances in seismic wave analysis from theoretical approach, data acquisition and interpretation, to analyses and numerical simulations, as well as research applications. A review process was conducted in cooperation with sincere support by Drs. Hiroshi Takenaka, Yoshio Murai, Jun Matsushima, and Genti Toyokuni.
Author : Po Chen,En-Jui Lee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3319166050
This book introduces a methodology for solving the seismic inverse problem using purely numerical solutions built on 3D wave equations and which is free of the approximations or simplifications that are common in classical seismic inversion methodologies and therefore applicable to arbitrary 3D geological media and seismic source models. Source codes provided allow readers to experiment with the calculations demonstrated and also explore their own applications.
Author : Chanel Deane
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1424641943
With the abundance of global seismic waveform data across a broad range of temporal and spatial scales, ample opportunities exist to investigate seismic source and propagation effects. In this dissertation, I present results from three inductive, observation-driven analyses that exploit local-to-teleseismic distance seismic observations to explore seismic source characteristics across a broad range of spatial scales. Each investigation emphasized one or more seismological challenges that remain despite advances in global instrumentation, source characterization approaches, and seismic wave propagation modeling. For the first investigation, we exploited local-distance P- and S-wave observations generated by mining-related and small-magnitude events at a gold mine in South Africa to explore the robustness of P-to-S-wave amplitude ratios. P/S amplitude ratios are traditionally used in discrimination studies between earthquakes and explosions recorded at regional and teleseismic distances (greater than 200km). Fewer studies have explored the variability of P/S amplitude ratios using data recorded at local distances, distances less than 200 km, where more scrutiny of wave propagation, near-surface geology, and source and strain release patterns are required. We took advantage of the dense seismic network at the Klerksdorp mine to investigate the variability of low-yield earthquake and mining-related event P/S amplitude ratios at local distances. Our results showed that most locally recorded low-magnitude events in the Klerksdorp region have comparable shear-wave energy to low-magnitude earthquakes. Our time-domain rms-based measurement of P and S amplitudes resulted in stable event average P/S ratios that are likely separate from explosive sources. We used the observations to demonstrate the expected variability of the ratios with smaller seismic networks (3-, 5-, 7-station) to show the amplitude ratios remained relatively stable across a bandwidth of 1-30 Hz, but ratio variability decreased with increasing station number. In the second investigation, we conducted an earthquake relocation study of moderate-to-large magnitude events along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) from 1990 to 2022 using global surface wave observations. Earthquake locations are essential parameters used in seismology to investigate earthquake processes, tectonics, and the subsurface. Although seismologists have constrained the location of an earthquake reasonably well using arrival-time measurements, important tectonic regions, such as mid-ocean ridges (MOR), remain less well-constrained because of the lack of nearby seismic stations. We leveraged an existing surface-wave relative relocation approach to estimate precise relative locations along the SWIR, investigate updated seismicity patterns, and relate those patterns to tectonic processes occurring along the ultra-slow-to-slow spreading ridge system. To handle the large data set from a broad region we used an artificial neural network to identify the highest-quality observations and reduce the computational burden associated with cross-correlating millions of surface waveforms. Our results show a 3-second reduction in location misfit and precise locations well within 5 km of bathymetric features demonstrating the ability to use global surface-wave observations to improve the precision of earthquake locations in a remote region. We observed (with greater clarity) many expected general tectonic patterns including single- and multiple strands active along transform faults, the gradual transition from normal to strike-slip faulting along ridge-transform intersections, clustering of normal-faulting along the ridge segments (including doublet and multiplet sequences), occasional migration of events along transforms and ridge segments, and clustering of events around ridge volcanoes or regions of unusual bathymetry. For the final investigation, we utilized abundant mining-related seismic events that occur each year in Pennsylvania and the wealth of local to regional seismic networks to evaluate short-period seismic-wave propagation across the region. Pennsylvania hosts many industrial seismic events and experiences a small number of naturally-occurring earthquakes, but industrial seismic sources are currently excluded in the generation of ground motion prediction equations. We performed a linear regression of peak ground-velocity measurements for industrial explosions in Pennsylvania. We examined the data across a frequency band from 1 to 16 Hz, but the best results with the most observations were those from the 1-2 Hz band. The results show that the small-magnitude explosion data are unable to resolve differences in simple models of the decrease in amplitude with distance. But the results demonstrate that applying the geometric spreading corrections used for magnitude estimates across the eastern US is reasonable for the short distances used to estimate the size of small mining events across the region. Regression produced a set of relative source sizes that exhibit a complicated relationship with locally estimated magnitudes. The difference between regression estimated source size and traditional analyst-based magnitudes correlates with local magnitude. Careful examination of the data suggested that observations from greater distance are hard to screen using signal-to-noise measurements and simple magnitude-dependent distance cutoff relationships. Thus, the traditional approach to magnitude estimation that relies on human or AI-expert-trained systems to separate signal and noise remains important, especially for the smaller events.
Author : B. L. N. Kennett
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2001-11-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521006635
This book provides a guide to understanding of seismograms for graduate students, researchers, professionals in academia and the petroleum industry.
Author : Gerard T. Schuster
Publisher : SEG Books
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781560803416
This book describes the theory and practice of inverting seismic data for the subsurface rock properties of the earth. The primary application is for inverting reflection and/or transmission data from engineering or exploration surveys, but the methods described also can be used for earthquake studies. Seismic Inversion will be of benefit to scientists and advanced students in engineering, earth sciences, and physics. It is desirable that the reader has some familiarity with certain aspects of numerical computation, such as finite-difference solutions to partial differential equations, numerical linear algebra, and the basic physics of wave propagation. For those not familiar with the terminology and methods of seismic exploration, a brief introduction is provided. To truly understand the nuances of seismic inversion, we have to actively practice what we preach (or teach). Therefore, computational labs are provided for most of the chapters, and some field data labs are given as well.
Author : Pibo Su,Wei Zhang,Zhifeng Wan,Lihua Zuo,Jinan Guan
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2023-06-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832524879
Author : Longjun Dong,Wenzhuo Cao,Thomas Hermans
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2023-03-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832515624
Author : B. L. N. Kennett
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 556 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521006651
Guide to understanding of seismograms for graduate students, researchers, professionals in academia and petroleum industry.
Author : Max Moorkamp,Peter G. Lelièvre,Niklas Linde,Amir Khan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2016-03-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118929087
Reliable and detailed information about the Earth’s subsurface is of crucial importance throughout the geosciences. Quantitative integration of all available geophysical and geological data helps to make Earth models more robust and reliable. The aim of this book is to summarize and synthesize the growing literature on combining various types of geophysical and other geoscientific data. The approaches that have been developed to date encompass joint inversion, cooperative inversion, and statistical post-inversion analysis methods, each with different benefits and assumptions. Starting with the foundations of inverse theory, this book systematically describes the mathematical and theoretical aspects of how to best integrate different geophysical datasets with geological prior understanding and other complimentary data. This foundational basis is followed by chapters that demonstrate the diverse range of applications for which integrated methods have been used to date. These range from imaging the hydrogeological properties of the near-surface to natural resource exploration and probing the composition of the lithosphere and the deep Earth. Each chapter is written by leading experts in the field, which makes this book the definitive reference on integrated imaging of the Earth. Highlights of this volume include: Complete coverage of the theoretical foundations of integrated imaging approaches from inverse theory to different coupling methods and quantitative evaluation of the resulting models Comprehensive overview of current applications of integrated imaging including hydrological investigations, natural resource exploration, and imaging the deep Earth Detailed case studies of integrated approaches providing valuable guidance for both experienced users and researchers new to joint inversion. This volume will be a valuable resource for graduate students, academics, industry practitioners, and researchers who are interested in using or developing integrated imaging approaches.
Author : Thorne Lay,Terry C. Wallace
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 535 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1995-05-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080536712
Intended as an introduction to the field, Modern Global Seismology is a complete, self-contained primer on seismology. It features extensive coverage of all related aspects, from observational data through prediction, emphasizing the fundamental theories and physics governing seismic waves--both natural and anthropogenic. Based on thoroughly class-tested material, the text provides a unique perspective on the earths large-scale internal structure and dynamic processes, particularly earthquake sources, and on the application of theory to the dynamic processes of the earths upper skin. Authored by two experts in the field of geophysics. this insightful text is designed for the first-year graduate course in seismology. Exploration seismologists will also find it an invaluable resource on topics such as elastic-wave propagation, seismicinstrumentation, and seismogram analysis useful in interpreting their high-resolution images of structure for oil and mineral resource exploration. More than 400 illustrations, many from recent research articles, help readers visualize mathematical relationships 49 Boxed Features explain advanced topics Provides readers with the most in-depth presentation of earthquake physics available Contains incisive treatments of seismic waves, waveform evaluation and modeling, and seismotectonics Provides quantitative treatment of earthquake source mechanics Contains numerous examples of modern broadband seismic recordings Fully covers current seismic instruments and networks Demonstrates modern waveform inversion methods Includes extensive references for further reading
