Exposure To Contaminants In Drinking Water Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of Exposure To Contaminants In Drinking Water book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.
Exposure to Contaminants in Drinking Water by Stephen S Olin Pdf
Exposure to Contaminants in Drinking Water: Estimating Uptake through the Skin and by Inhalation examines the current state of science in this field by identifying and reviewing the available information resources; evaluating various models and approaches; and demonstrating the feasibility of developing estimates of the distribution of absorbed doses of contaminants in drinking water through contact with the skin and by inhalation. This book, the product of a fifteen-member expert working group convened by the Risk Science Institute of the International Life Sciences Institute under a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Water, includes contributions from experts in exposure modeling and measurement; water chemistry; time-activity patterns; dermal and respiratory uptake; and the use of probability distributions in characterizing exposures.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Contaminated Drinking Water at Camp Lejeune
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Contaminated Drinking Water at Camp Lejeune Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 338 pages File Size : 48,5 Mb Release : 2009-09-06 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309136990
Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Contaminated Drinking Water at Camp Lejeune Pdf
In the early 1980s, two water-supply systems on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina were found to be contaminated with the industrial solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The water systems were supplied by the Tarawa Terrace and Hadnot Point watertreatment plants, which served enlisted-family housing, barracks for unmarried service personnel, base administrative offices, schools, and recreational areas. The Hadnot Point water system also served the base hospital and an industrial area and supplied water to housing on the Holcomb Boulevard water system (full-time until 1972 and periodically thereafter). This book examines what is known about the contamination of the water supplies at Camp Lejeune and whether the contamination can be linked to any adverse health outcomes in former residents and workers at the base.
Water Contamination and Health by Rhoda G.M. Wang Pdf
This volume examines every potential means of exposure to water contaminants, provides in-depth discussions on toxicology, and explains up-to-date techniques for evaluating human health risk. It develops a methodology for assessing the cumulative absorbed dose of contaminants through all routes of exposure, including ingestion, inhalation and dermal. Federal and state efforts to monitor and treat water are examined.
National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Copper in Drinking Water
Author : National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Copper in Drinking Water Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 161 pages File Size : 52,6 Mb Release : 2000-04-12 Category : Nature ISBN : 9780309172202
Copper in Drinking Water by National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Copper in Drinking Water Pdf
The safety of the nation's drinking water must be maintained to ensure the health of the public. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulating the levels of substances in the drinking water supply. Copper can leach into drinking water from the pipes in the distribution system, and the allowable levels are regulated by the EPA. The regulation of copper, however, is complicated by the fact that it is both necessary to the normal functioning of the body and toxic to the body at too high a level. The National Research Council was requested to form a committee to review the scientific validity of the EPA's maximum contaminant level goal for copper in drinking water. Copper in Drinking Water outlines the findings of the committee's review. The book provides a review of the toxicity of copper as well as a discussion of the essential nature of this metal. The risks posed by both short-term and long-term exposure to copper are characterized, and the implications for public health are discussed. This book is a valuable reference for individuals involved in the regulation of water supplies and individuals interested in issues surrounding this metal.
Drinking Water Quality and Human Health by Patrick Levallois,Cristina Villanueva Belmonte Pdf
The quality of drinking water is paramount for public health. Despite important improvements in the last decades, access to safe drinking water is not universal. The World Health Organization estimates that almost 10% of the population in the world do not have access to improved drinking water sources. Among other diseases, waterborne infections cause diarrhea, which kills nearly one million people every year, mostly children under 5 years of age. On the other hand, chemical pollution is a concern in high-income countries and an increasing problem in low- and middle-income countries. Exposure to chemicals in drinking water may lead to a range of chronic non-communicable diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular disease), adverse reproductive outcomes, and effects on children’s health (e.g., neurodevelopment), among other health effects. Although drinking water quality is regulated and monitored in many countries, increasing knowledge leads to the need for reviewing standards and guidelines on a nearly permanent basis, both for regulated and newly identified contaminants. Drinking water standards are mostly based on animal toxicity data, and more robust epidemiologic studies with accurate exposure assessment are needed. The current risk assessment paradigm dealing mostly with one-by-one chemicals dismisses the potential synergisms or interactions from exposures to mixtures of contaminants, particularly at the low-exposure range. Thus, evidence is needed on exposure and health effects of mixtures of contaminants in drinking water. Finally, water stress and water quality problems are expected to increase in the coming years due to climate change and increasing water demand by population growth, and new evidence is needed to design appropriate adaptation policies. This Special Issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) focuses on the current state of knowledge on the links between drinking water quality and human health.
Subcommittee on Arsenic in Drinking Water,Commission on Life Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council
Author : Subcommittee on Arsenic in Drinking Water,Commission on Life Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 331 pages File Size : 51,6 Mb Release : 1999-06-28 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309553674
Arsenic in Drinking Water by Subcommittee on Arsenic in Drinking Water,Commission on Life Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council Pdf
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been considering a more stringent regulation of arsenic in water. A significant reduction in the maximum contaminant level (MCL) could increase compliance costs for water utilities. This book discusses the adequacy of the current EPA MCL for protecting human health in the context of stated EPA policy and provides an unbiased scientific basis for deriving the arsenic standard for drinking water and surface water. Arsenic in Drinking Water evaluates epidemiological data on the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health effects of arsenic exposure of Taiwanese populations and compares those effects with the effects of arsenic exposure demonstrated in other countriesincluding the United States. The book also reviews data on toxicokinetics, metabolism, and mechanism and mode of action of arsenic to ascertain how these data could assist in assessing human health risks from arsenic exposures. This volume recommends specific changes to improve the toxicity analyses and risk characterization. The implications of the changes for EPAs current MCL for arsenic are also described.
Contaminants in Drinking and Wastewater Sources by Manish Kumar,Daniel D. Snow,Ryo Honda,Santanu Mukherjee Pdf
This volume takes a multidisciplinary approach to study and evaluate the global human vulnerability to the exposure of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the natural environment. It provides a comprehensive resource on structurally diverse groups of chemical compounds that have adverse effects on the aquatic environment. It explores the global strength, environmental status, chemical risk assessment and management strategies of CECs with relevant modern techniques. The principle focus is on concurrent emerging water quality issues. It defines the impacts of the environmental exposure of trace concentrations of CECs and/or their metabolites and discusses possible technological advances to combat the emerging pollutants. It will be useful to researchers, multi-stakeholder expert groups, policymakers, and graduate students.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Spacecraft Exposure Guidelines
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Spacecraft Exposure Guidelines Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 372 pages File Size : 45,6 Mb Release : 2004-04-19 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309091664
Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines for Selected Contaminants by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Spacecraft Exposure Guidelines Pdf
To protect space crews from contaminants in potable and hygiene water, NASA requested that the National Research Council (NRC) provide guidance on how to develop water exposure guidelines and subsequently review NASA's development of exposure guidelines for specific chemicals.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Safe Drinking Water Committee
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Safe Drinking Water Committee Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 948 pages File Size : 45,7 Mb Release : 1977-02-01 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309026192
Drinking Water and Health, by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Safe Drinking Water Committee Pdf
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Drinking Water Contaminants
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Drinking Water Contaminants Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 127 pages File Size : 54,9 Mb Release : 1998-12-02 Category : Nature ISBN : 9780309173643
Setting Priorities for Drinking Water Contaminants by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Drinking Water Contaminants Pdf
The provision of safe drinking water has been an important factor in the improvement of the health status of U.S. communities since the turn of the last century. Nonetheless, outbreaks of waterborne disease and incidences of chemical contamination of drinking water continue to occur. Setting Priorities for Drinking Water Contaminants recommends a new process for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to use in deciding which potential drinking water contaminants should be regulated in public water supplies to provide the greatest protection against waterborne illnesses. The book covers chemical and microbiological contaminants and includes a historical review of past approaches to setting priorities for drinking water contaminants and other environmental pollutants. It emphasizes the need for expert judgment in this process and for a conservative approach that considers public health protection as the first priority.
Author : World Health Organization Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 260 pages File Size : 45,8 Mb Release : 1993 Category : Medical ISBN : 9241545038
Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality by World Health Organization Pdf
This volume describes the methods used in the surveillance of drinking water quality in the light of the special problems of small-community supplies, particularly in developing countries, and outlines the strategies necessary to ensure that surveillance is effective.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,1998 Workshop on Emerging Drinking Water Contaminants
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,1998 Workshop on Emerging Drinking Water Contaminants Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 277 pages File Size : 55,9 Mb Release : 1999-09-30 Category : Nature ISBN : 9780309064323
Identifying Future Drinking Water Contaminants by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,1998 Workshop on Emerging Drinking Water Contaminants Pdf
With an increasing population, use of new and diverse chemicals that can enter the water supply, and emergence of new microbial pathogens, the U.S. federal government is faced with a regulatory dilemma: Where should it focus its attention and limited resources to ensure safe drinking water supplies for the future? Identifying Future Drinking Water Contaminants is based on a 1998 workshop on emerging drinking water contaminants. It includes a dozen papers that were presented on new and emerging microbiological and chemical drinking water contaminants, associated analytical and water treatment methods for their detection and removal, and existing and proposed environmental databases to assist in their proactive identification and regulation. The papers are preceded by a conceptual approach and related recommendations to EPA for the periodic creation of future Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate Lists (CCLsâ€"produced every five yearsâ€"include currently unregulated chemical and microbiological substances that are known or anticipated to occur in public water systems and that may pose health risks).
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Drinking Water Contaminants
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Drinking Water Contaminants Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 255 pages File Size : 43,5 Mb Release : 2001-09-01 Category : Nature ISBN : 9780309074087
Classifying Drinking Water Contaminants for Regulatory Consideration by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Drinking Water Contaminants Pdf
Americans drink many gallons of tap water every day, but many of them question the safety of tap water every day as well. In fact, devices have been created to filter tap water directly before reaching cups. It's true; however, that the provision and management of safe drinking water throughout the United States have seen triumphs in public health since the beginning of the 20th century. Although, advances in water treatment, source water protection efforts, and the presence of local, state, and federal regulatory protection have developed over the years, water in the United States still contain chemical, microbiological, and other types of contaminants at detectable and at times harmful levels. This in addition to the growth of microbial pathogens that can resist traditional water treatment practices have led to the question: Where and how should the U.S. government focus its attention and limited resources to ensure safe drinking water supplies for the future? To deal with these issues the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1996 Safe included a request that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) publish a list of unregulated chemical and microbial contaminants and contaminant groups every five years that are or could pose risks in the drinking water of public water systems. The first list, called the Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List (CCL), was published in March 1998. The main function of the CCL is to provide the basis for deciding whether to regulate at least five new contaminants from the CCL every five years. However, since additional research and monitoring need to be conducted for most of the contaminants on the 1998 CCL, the list is also used to prioritize these related activities. Classifying Drinking Water Contaminants for Regulatory Consideration is the third report by the Committee on Dinking Water Contaminants with the purpose of providing advice regarding the setting of priorities among drinking water contaminants in order to identify those contaminants that pose the greatest threats to public health. The committee is comprised of 14 volunteer experts in water treatment engineering, toxicology, public health, epidemiology, water and analytical chemistry, risk assessment, risk communication, public water system operations, and microbiology and is jointly overseen by the National Research Council's (NRC'S) Water Science and Technology Board and Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. In this report the committee needed to readdress its second report as well as explore the feasibility of developing and using mechanisms for identifying emerging microbial pathogens for research and regulatory activities. The promotion of public health remains the guiding principle of the committee's recommendations and conclusions in this report.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Fluoride in Drinking Water
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Fluoride in Drinking Water Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 531 pages File Size : 42,6 Mb Release : 2007-01-22 Category : Nature ISBN : 9780309101288
Fluoride in Drinking Water by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Fluoride in Drinking Water Pdf
Most people associate fluoride with the practice of intentionally adding fluoride to public drinking water supplies for the prevention of tooth decay. However, fluoride can also enter public water systems from natural sources, including runoff from the weathering of fluoride-containing rocks and soils and leaching from soil into groundwater. Fluoride pollution from various industrial emissions can also contaminate water supplies. In a few areas of the United States fluoride concentrations in water are much higher than normal, mostly from natural sources. Fluoride is one of the drinking water contaminants regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because it can occur at these toxic levels. In 1986, the EPA established a maximum allowable concentration for fluoride in drinking water of 4 milligrams per liter, a guideline designed to prevent the public from being exposed to harmful levels of fluoride. Fluoride in Drinking Water reviews research on various health effects from exposure to fluoride, including studies conducted in the last 10 years.
