Extra Dimensions In Space And Time

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Extra Dimensions in Space and Time

Itzhak Bars,John Terning
Extra Dimensions in Space and Time Book PDF

Author : Itzhak Bars,John Terning
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2009-12-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387776385

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Extra Dimensions in Space and Time by Itzhak Bars,John Terning Pdf

In physics, the idea of extra spatial dimensions originates from Nordstöm’s 5-dimensional vector theory in 1914, followed by Kaluza-Klein theory in 1921, in an effort to unify general relativity and electromagnetism in a 5 dimensional space-time (4 dimensions for space and 1 for time). Kaluza–Klein theory didn’t generate enough interest with physicist for the next five decades, due to its problems with inconsistencies. With the advent of supergravity theory (the theory that unifies general relativity and supersymmetry theories) in late 1970’s and eventually, string theories (1980s) and M-theory (1990s), the dimensions of space-time increased to 11 (10-space and 1-time dimension). There are two main features in this book that differentiates it from other books written about extra dimensions: The first feature is the coverage of extra dimensions in time (Two Time physics), which has not been covered in earlier books about extra dimensions. All other books mainly cover extra spatial dimensions. The second feature deals with level of presentation. The material is presented in a non-technical language followed by additional sections (in the form of appendices or footnotes) that explain the basic equations and formulas in the theories. This feature is very attractive to readers who want to find out more about the theories involved beyond the basic description for a layperson. The text is designed for scientifically literate non-specialists who want to know the latest discoveries in theoretical physics in a non-technical language. Readers with basic undergraduate background in modern physics and quantum mechanics can easily understand the technical sections. Part I starts with an overview of the Standard Model of particles and forces, notions of Einstein’s special and general relativity, and the overall view of the universe from the Big Bang to the present epoch, and covers Two-Time physics. 2T-physics has worked correctly at all scales of physics, both macroscopic and microscopic, for which there is experimental data so far. In addition to revealing hidden information even in familiar "everyday" physics, it also makes testable predictions in lesser known physics regimes that could be analyzed at the energy scales of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN or in cosmological observations." Part II of the book is focused on extra dimensions of space. It covers the following topics: The Popular View of Extra Dimensions, Einstein and the Fourth Dimension, Traditional Extra Dimensions, Einstein's Gravity, The Theory Formerly Known as String, Warped Extra Dimensions, and How Do We Look For Extra Dimensions?

Advances in Databases

Michael F. Worboys,Anna F. Grundy
Advances in Databases Book PDF

Author : Michael F. Worboys,Anna F. Grundy
Publisher : Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1993-06-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : UCAL:B4336460

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Advances in Databases by Michael F. Worboys,Anna F. Grundy Pdf

This volume contains the proceedings of the eleventh British National Conference on Databases, held at Keele University, England. A dominant themein the volume is the provision of the means to enhance the capabilities of databases to handle information that has a rich semantic structure. A major research question is how to achieve such a semantic scale-up without sacrificing performance. There are currently two main paradigms within which it is possible to propose answers to this question, deduction-oriented and object-oriented. Both paradigms are well represented in this collection, with the balance in the direction of the deductive approach, which is followed by both the invited papers, by Michael Freeston from the European Computer-Industry Research Centre in Munich and Carlo Zaniolo from the University of California at Los Angeles. In addition, the volume contains 13 full papers selected from a total of36 submissions.

Extra Dimensions in Space and Time

Itzhak Bars,John Terning
Extra Dimensions in Space and Time Book PDF

Author : Itzhak Bars,John Terning
Publisher : Springer
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2008-11-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0387569219

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Extra Dimensions in Space and Time by Itzhak Bars,John Terning Pdf

In physics, the idea of extra spatial dimensions originates from Nordstöm’s 5-dimensional vector theory in 1914, followed by Kaluza-Klein theory in 1921, in an effort to unify general relativity and electromagnetism in a 5 dimensional space-time (4 dimensions for space and 1 for time). Kaluza–Klein theory didn’t generate enough interest with physicist for the next five decades, due to its problems with inconsistencies. With the advent of supergravity theory (the theory that unifies general relativity and supersymmetry theories) in late 1970’s and eventually, string theories (1980s) and M-theory (1990s), the dimensions of space-time increased to 11 (10-space and 1-time dimension). There are two main features in this book that differentiates it from other books written about extra dimensions: The first feature is the coverage of extra dimensions in time (Two Time physics), which has not been covered in earlier books about extra dimensions. All other books mainly cover extra spatial dimensions. The second feature deals with level of presentation. The material is presented in a non-technical language followed by additional sections (in the form of appendices or footnotes) that explain the basic equations and formulas in the theories. This feature is very attractive to readers who want to find out more about the theories involved beyond the basic description for a layperson. The text is designed for scientifically literate non-specialists who want to know the latest discoveries in theoretical physics in a non-technical language. Readers with basic undergraduate background in modern physics and quantum mechanics can easily understand the technical sections. Part I starts with an overview of the Standard Model of particles and forces, notions of Einstein’s special and general relativity, and the overall view of the universe from the Big Bang to the present epoch, and covers Two-Time physics. 2T-physics has worked correctly at all scales of physics, both macroscopic and microscopic, for which there is experimental data so far. In addition to revealing hidden information even in familiar "everyday" physics, it also makes testable predictions in lesser known physics regimes that could be analyzed at the energy scales of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN or in cosmological observations." Part II of the book is focused on extra dimensions of space. It covers the following topics: The Popular View of Extra Dimensions, Einstein and the Fourth Dimension, Traditional Extra Dimensions, Einstein's Gravity, The Theory Formerly Known as String, Warped Extra Dimensions, and How Do We Look For Extra Dimensions?

Space-time-matter

Paul S. Wesson
Space time matter Book PDF

Author : Paul S. Wesson
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789812706324

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Space-time-matter by Paul S. Wesson Pdf

Albert Einstein, together with Theodor Kaluza and Oskar Klein, realized that extra dimensions can be used to unify the different fields of physics, as well as unifying the fields with their material sources. In fact, it was Einstein's dream to transpose the a base wooda of the matter term in his field equations to the ?marble? of the geometrical term. During his lifetime, this kind of unified theory achieved only partial success. But the modern approach, outlined in this bestseller, is elegant and agrees with all the classical tests. The basic idea is to unify the source and its field using the rich algebra of higher-dimensional Riemannian geometry. In other words, space, time and matter become parts of geometry."

Hyperspace

Michio Kaku
Hyperspace Book PDF

Author : Michio Kaku
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2016-04-20
Category : Astrophysics
ISBN : 9780198785033

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Hyperspace by Michio Kaku Pdf

Reissued in new covers, this is the run-away bestseller from one of the world's leading theoretical physicists. Are there other dimensions beyond our own? Is time travel possible? Michio Kaku takes us on a tour of the most exciting work in modern physics, including research into the 10th dimension, time warps, and multiple universes, to outline what may be the leading candidate for the Theory of Everything.

String Theory For Dummies

Andrew Zimmerman Jones
String Theory For Dummies Book PDF

Author : Andrew Zimmerman Jones
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 387 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2009-11-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780470467244

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String Theory For Dummies by Andrew Zimmerman Jones Pdf

A clear, plain-English guide to this complex scientific theory String theory is the hottest topic in physics right now, with books on the subject (pro and con) flying out of the stores. String Theory For Dummies offers an accessible introduction to this highly mathematical "theory of everything," which posits ten or more dimensions in an attempt to explain the basic nature of matter and energy. Written for both students and people interested in science, this guide explains concepts, discusses the string theory's hypotheses and predictions, and presents the math in an approachable manner. It features in-depth examples and an easy-to-understand style so that readers can understand this controversial, cutting-edge theory.

Data Science

Ivo D. Dinov,Milen Velchev Velev
Data Science Book PDF

Author : Ivo D. Dinov,Milen Velchev Velev
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 489 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783110697827

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Data Science by Ivo D. Dinov,Milen Velchev Velev Pdf

The amount of new information is constantly increasing, faster than our ability to fully interpret and utilize it to improve human experiences. Addressing this asymmetry requires novel and revolutionary scientific methods and effective human and artificial intelligence interfaces. By lifting the concept of time from a positive real number to a 2D complex time (kime), this book uncovers a connection between artificial intelligence (AI), data science, and quantum mechanics. It proposes a new mathematical foundation for data science based on raising the 4D spacetime to a higher dimension where longitudinal data (e.g., time-series) are represented as manifolds (e.g., kime-surfaces). This new framework enables the development of innovative data science analytical methods for model-based and model-free scientific inference, derived computed phenotyping, and statistical forecasting. The book provides a transdisciplinary bridge and a pragmatic mechanism to translate quantum mechanical principles, such as particles and wavefunctions, into data science concepts, such as datum and inference-functions. It includes many open mathematical problems that still need to be solved, technological challenges that need to be tackled, and computational statistics algorithms that have to be fully developed and validated. Spacekime analytics provide mechanisms to effectively handle, process, and interpret large, heterogeneous, and continuously-tracked digital information from multiple sources. The authors propose computational methods, probability model-based techniques, and analytical strategies to estimate, approximate, or simulate the complex time phases (kime directions). This allows transforming time-varying data, such as time-series observations, into higher-dimensional manifolds representing complex-valued and kime-indexed surfaces (kime-surfaces). The book includes many illustrations of model-based and model-free spacekime analytic techniques applied to economic forecasting, identification of functional brain activation, and high-dimensional cohort phenotyping. Specific case-study examples include unsupervised clustering using the Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index (MCSI), model-based inference using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, and model-free inference using the UK Biobank data archive. The material includes mathematical, inferential, computational, and philosophical topics such as Heisenberg uncertainty principle and alternative approaches to large sample theory, where a few spacetime observations can be amplified by a series of derived, estimated, or simulated kime-phases. The authors extend Newton-Leibniz calculus of integration and differentiation to the spacekime manifold and discuss possible solutions to some of the "problems of time". The coverage also includes 5D spacekime formulations of classical 4D spacetime mathematical equations describing natural laws of physics, as well as, statistical articulation of spacekime analytics in a Bayesian inference framework. The steady increase of the volume and complexity of observed and recorded digital information drives the urgent need to develop novel data analytical strategies. Spacekime analytics represents one new data-analytic approach, which provides a mechanism to understand compound phenomena that are observed as multiplex longitudinal processes and computationally tracked by proxy measures. This book may be of interest to academic scholars, graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, artificial intelligence and machine learning engineers, biostatisticians, econometricians, and data analysts. Some of the material may also resonate with philosophers, futurists, astrophysicists, space industry technicians, biomedical researchers, health practitioners, and the general public.

Space-time-matter

Paul S. Wesson
Space time matter Book PDF

Author : Paul S. Wesson
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789812385475

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Space-time-matter by Paul S. Wesson Pdf

Einstein endorsed the view of Kaluza that gravity could be combined with electromagnetism if the dimensionality of the world is extended from 4 to 5. Klein applied this idea to quantum theory, laying a basis for the various modern versions of string theory. Recently, work by a group of researchers has resulted in a coherent formulation of 5D relativity, in which matter in 4D is induced by geometry in 5D. This theory is based on an unrestricted group of 5D coordinate transformations that leads to new solutions and agreement with the classical tests of relativity. This book collects together the main technical results on 5D relativity, and shows how far we can realize Einstein''s vision of physics as geometry.

Warped Passages

Lisa Randall
Warped Passages Book PDF

Author : Lisa Randall
Publisher : Harper Collins
Page : 782 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2009-10-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780061981234

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Warped Passages by Lisa Randall Pdf

The universe has many secrets. It may hide additional dimensions of space other than the familier three we recognize. There might even be another universe adjacent to ours, invisible and unattainable . . . for now. Warped Passages is a brilliantly readable and altogether exhilarating journey that tracks the arc of discovery from early twentieth-century physics to the razor's edge of modern scientific theory. One of the world's leading theoretical physicists, Lisa Randall provides astonishing scientific possibilities that, until recently, were restricted to the realm of science fiction. Unraveling the twisted threads of the most current debates on relativity, quantum mechanics, and gravity, she explores some of the most fundamental questions posed by Nature—taking us into the warped, hidden dimensions underpinning the universe we live in, demystifying the science of the myriad worlds that may exist just beyond our own.

Hiding in the Mirror

Lawrence M. Krauss
Hiding in the Mirror Book PDF

Author : Lawrence M. Krauss
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2006-11-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780143038023

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Hiding in the Mirror by Lawrence M. Krauss Pdf

An exploration of mankind's fascination with worlds beyond our own-by the bestselling author of The Physics of Star Trek Lawrence Krauss -an international leader in physics and cosmology-examines our long and ardent romance with parallel universes, veiled dimensions, and regions of being that may extend tantalizingly beyond the limits of our perception. Krauss examines popular culture's current embrace (and frequent misunderstanding) of such topics as black holes, life in other dimensions, strings, and some of the more extraordinary new theories that propose the existence of vast extra dimensions alongside our own. BACKCOVER: "An astonishing and brilliantly written work of popular science." -Science a GoGo "A brilliant, thrilling book . . . You'll have so much fun reading that you'll hardly notice you're getting a primer on contemporary physics and cosmology." -Walter Isaacson, author of Benjamin Franklin: An American Life

The Extra-Dimensional Universe

John R. Violette
The Extra Dimensional Universe Book PDF

Author : John R. Violette
Publisher : Hampton Roads Publishing
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2005-05-12
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
ISBN : 9781612832739

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The Extra-Dimensional Universe by John R. Violette Pdf

UFO sightings and alien abductions, mystical experiences and psychic phenomena, the near-death and the out-of-body experience--millions of ordinary people around the world report experiencing these events at some point in their lives. Yet, because there is no accepted scientific theory to explain the paranormal, the events--and the people who report them--are ridiculed and dismissed. The problem isn't the people, it's the science. While some cutting-edge researchers and quantum physicists are speculating more frequently that these experiences are caused by something beyond our world--some kind of higher-dimensional reality--any proposed extra-dimensional theories put forth thus far have lacked one key ingredient--expanded consciousness. Extra-Dimensional Universe presents an expanded framework of space, time, and consciousness. This, for the first time, explains how paranormal phenomena can exist. Violette's landscape-altering theory is fully compatible with all the findings of modern scientific research--and ancient wisdom traditions--and clearly explains the science of paranormal events such as UFOs and abductions, mystical and psychic phenomena, and the near-death experience. Violette even reveals that expanded consciousness is the key to understanding why some people experience psychic phenomena such as UFOs or ghosts when others don't. An advancement of the classic theories of R. M. Bucke and P. D. Ouspensky, Extra-Dimensional Universe is itself destined to become a classic of the science of spirituality.

The Shape of Inner Space

Shing-Tung Yau,Steven J. Nadis
The Shape of Inner Space Book PDF

Author : Shing-Tung Yau,Steven J. Nadis
Publisher : Il Saggiatore
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2010-09-07
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780465020232

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The Shape of Inner Space by Shing-Tung Yau,Steven J. Nadis Pdf

The leading mind behind the mathematics of string theory discusses how geometry explains the universe we see. Illustrations.

Deformed Spacetime

Fabio Cardone,Roberto Mignani
Deformed Spacetime Book PDF

Author : Fabio Cardone,Roberto Mignani
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2007-09-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402062834

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Deformed Spacetime by Fabio Cardone,Roberto Mignani Pdf

This volume provides a detailed discussion of the mathematical aspects and physical applications of a new geometrical structure of space-time, based on a generalization ("deformation") of the usual Minkowski space, as supposed to be endowed with a metric whose coefficients depend on the energy. This new five-dimensional scheme (Deformed Relativity in Five Dimensions, DR5) represents a true generalization of the usual Kaluza-Klein (KK) formalism.

Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos

National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on the Physics of the Universe
Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on the Physics of the Universe
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2003-03-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309171137

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Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on the Physics of the Universe Pdf

Advances made by physicists in understanding matter, space, and time and by astronomers in understanding the universe as a whole have closely intertwined the question being asked about the universe at its two extremesâ€"the very large and the very small. This report identifies 11 key questions that have a good chance to be answered in the next decade. It urges that a new research strategy be created that brings to bear the techniques of both astronomy and sub-atomic physics in a cross-disciplinary way to address these questions. The report presents seven recommendations to facilitate the necessary research and development coordination. These recommendations identify key priorities for future scientific projects critical for realizing these scientific opportunities.