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Author : Harrie F. G. van Dijk,W. Addo J. van Pul,Pim de Voogt
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 575 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Air
ISBN : OCLC:42816624
Author : Harrie F.G. van Dijk,W. Addo J. van Pul,Pim de Voogt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401715362
Global pesticide use is currently estimated at approximately 2. 5 billion kg per year (Pimentel eta/. , 1998). To be effective, pesticides need to persist for a certain period of time. However, the longer their persistence, the greater the potential for transport of a fraction of the amount applied away from the target area. Pesticides are dispersed in the environment by water currents, wind, or biota. Pesticides can directly contaminate ground and surface waters by leaching, surface run-off and drift. Pesticides can also enter the atmosphere during application by evaporation and drift of small spray droplets, that remain airborne. Following application, pesticides may volatilise from the crop or the soil. Finally, wind erosion can cause soil particles and dust loaded with pesticides to enter the atmosphere. The extent to which pesticides enter the air compartment is dependent upon many factors: the properties of the substance in question (e. g. vapour pressure), the amount used, the method of application, the formulation, the weather conditions (such as wind speed, temperature, humidity), the nature of the crop and soil characteristics. Measurements at application sites reveal that sometimes more than half of the amount applied is lost into the atmosphere within a few days (Spencer and Cliath, 1990; Taylor and Spencer; 1990; Van den Berg et a/. , this issue).
Author : Harrie F.G. van Dijk,W. Addo J. van Pul,Pim de Voogt
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1999-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 0792359941
Global pesticide use is currently estimated at approximately 2. 5 billion kg per year (Pimentel eta/. , 1998). To be effective, pesticides need to persist for a certain period of time. However, the longer their persistence, the greater the potential for transport of a fraction of the amount applied away from the target area. Pesticides are dispersed in the environment by water currents, wind, or biota. Pesticides can directly contaminate ground and surface waters by leaching, surface run-off and drift. Pesticides can also enter the atmosphere during application by evaporation and drift of small spray droplets, that remain airborne. Following application, pesticides may volatilise from the crop or the soil. Finally, wind erosion can cause soil particles and dust loaded with pesticides to enter the atmosphere. The extent to which pesticides enter the air compartment is dependent upon many factors: the properties of the substance in question (e. g. vapour pressure), the amount used, the method of application, the formulation, the weather conditions (such as wind speed, temperature, humidity), the nature of the crop and soil characteristics. Measurements at application sites reveal that sometimes more than half of the amount applied is lost into the atmosphere within a few days (Spencer and Cliath, 1990; Taylor and Spencer; 1990; Van den Berg et a/. , this issue).
Author : John P. Giesy,Keith R. Solomon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2014-04-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319038650
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.
Author : Liangang Mao,Yue Geng,Jiehong Guo,Mazhar Iqbal Zafar,Yanhua Wang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2022-11-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832507223
Author : Andreas Schaeffer,Paul J. van den Brink,Fred Heimbach,Simon P. Hoy,Frank M.W. de Jong,Jorg Rombke,Martina Roß-Nickoll,Jose P. Sousa
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2010-08-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781439859810
Based on discussions at the 2007 SETAC Europe PERAS Workshop in Coimbra, Semi-Field Methods for the Environmental Risk Assessment of Pesticides in Soil presents a timely summary of state-of-the-art higher-tier terrestrial risk assessment of plant protection products (PPPs). Influential regulators, academics, and industry scientists provide a compre
Author : Denis Hamilton,Stephen Crossley
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2004-03-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780471489917
This book explores human exposure and consumer risk assessment in response to issues surrounding pesticide residues in food and drinking water. All the three main areas of consumer risk assessment including human toxicology, pesticide residue chemistry and dietary consumption are brought together and discussed. Includes the broader picture - the environmental fate of pesticides Takes an international approach with contributors from the European Union, USA and Australia Highlights the increasing concerns over food safety and the risks to humans
Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticide Programs
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Ecological risk assessment
ISBN : 9781428904828
Author : George Ware
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2006-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387217338
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy, and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicology implications.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Organic compounds
ISBN : 9289304286
Author : Michael S. Majewski,Paul D. Capel
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2019-06-21
Category : Nature
ISBN : 1439822603
Most people know about the presence and health effects of pesticide residues in the water they drink. However, they may not realize the impact of atmospheric transportation and deposition of pesticides on water quality. Scientific studies of pesticides in various atmospheric matrices (air, rain, snow, aerosols, and fog) provide some of the answers.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 4604 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2012-03-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080878850
The study of estuaries and coasts has seen enormous growth in recent years, since changes in these areas have a large effect on the food chain, as well as on the physics and chemistry of the ocean. As the coasts and river banks around the world become more densely populated, the pressure on these ecosystems intensifies, putting a new focus on environmental, socio-economic and policy issues. Written by a team of international expert scientists, under the guidance of Chief Editors Eric Wolanski and Donald McClusky, the Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Ten Volume Set examines topics in depth, and aims to provide a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Most up-to-date reference for system-based coastal and estuarine science and management, from the inland watershed to the ocean shelf Chief editors have assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Approach focuses on the physical, biological, chemistry, ecosystem, human, ecological and economics processes, to show how to best use multidisciplinary science to ensure earth's sustainability Provides a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Features up-to-date chapters covering a full range of topics
Author : Jose L. Tadeo
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2008-02-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781420007756
Developing safety regulations for pesticides used around the world—in excess of 2.5 million tons annually—requires reliable analytical methods for assessing their impact in food and in the environment. Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples presents the most effective techniques for analyzing pesticide residues and other chemical contaminants in foods as well as in soil, water, and air. Renowned Scientists Report New Data and Advances in the Field The book introduces sample preparation, extraction, and analytical methods specific to each sample type, including foods from vegetal and animal origin. Other chapters discuss important aspects of quality assurance and the applicability of hyphenated analytical techniques. In addition to a practical chapter on the use of biosensors and immunoassays for monitoring and gathering exposure data, the book addresses regulatory aspects and presents current data on the levels of pesticides found in food and environmental matrices. Latest Methods Help Scientists Develop Safer, More Effective Pesticides Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples enables scientists to measure and predict the behavior and toxicity of pesticides with a higher degree of accuracy. The methodologies and insight in this timely work will contribute to the development of more effective, less toxic pesticides as well as better safety regulations.
Author : James N. Seiber,Thomas M. Cahill
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000461657
The air is an important but largely unrecognized source of contaminant fate in the environment, including transport of pesticides and contaminants to nontarget areas and exposures for people and wildlife. This book summarizes and places in perspective the potential transport, transformation, and health implications of pesticides and contaminants in air, including the air we breathe. It delves into the hypothesis that the atmosphere is the most significant environmental compartment affecting the overall transport and fate of many classes of environmental contaminants. The authors draw parallels between sampling, analysis, and impact of airborne toxics and particulate matter with the COVID-19 pandemic. Airborne viruses and fine particulate matter, which are of similar size, have remarkable parallels in how they are transmitted and accumulated in the respiratory tract. FEATURES Assesses exposures of people and wildlife to airborne chemicals Includes case study applications, with relevant data summarized for pesticides and contaminants in air Discusses approaches to modeling pesticides’ and contaminants’ dispersion and fate in air Includes an assessment of the physicochemical properties of pesticides and contaminants that influence sampling and atmospheric mobility and fate The authors are global experts in air contaminant research, and this book is well organized and helpful for people interested in regulatory, health, and other topics related to pesticides and contaminants in air. James N. Seiber is a Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Davis. Thomas M. Cahill is an Associate Professor in the School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences at Arizona State University.
Author : Krishna Kumar Choudhary,Ajay Kumar,Amit Kishore Singh
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-04
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128175224
Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems explains the causative factors of climate change related to agriculture, soil and plants, and discusses the relevant resulting mitigation process. Agricultural ecosystems include factors from the surrounding areas where agriculture experiences direct or indirect interaction with the plants, animals, and microbes present. Changes in climatic conditions influence all the factors of agricultural ecosystems, which can potentially adversely affect their productivity. This book summarizes the different aspects of vulnerability, adaptation, and amelioration of climate change in respect to plants, crops, soil, and microbes for the sustainability of the agricultural sector and, ultimately, food security for the future. It also focuses on the utilization of information technology for the sustainability of the agricultural sector along with the capacity and adaptability of agricultural societies under climate change. Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems incorporates both theoretical and practical aspects, and serves as base line information for future research. This book is a valuable resource for those working in environmental sciences, soil sciences, agricultural microbiology, plant pathology, and agronomy. Covers the role of chemicals fertilizers, environmental deposition, and xenobiotics in climate change Discusses the impact of climate change on plants, soil, microflora, and agricultural ecosystems Explores the mitigation of climate change by sustainable methods Presents the role of computational modelling in climate change mitigation