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Author : Henry Metzger
Publisher : Amer Society for Microbiology
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1990-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1555810160
Author : Latha P. Ganesan,Mark S. Cragg,Gestur Vidarsson
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2020-07-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889638758
Author : Falk Nimmerjahn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461471073
This book focuses on the function of antibodies in vivo. Recent years have seen an exponential growth in knowledge about the molecular and cellular mechanisms of antibody activity. These new results dramatically changed our view of how antibodies function in vivo. The importance of this class of molecules is demonstrated by the heightened susceptibility to infections of humans and mice with an altered capacity to generate pathogen specific antibody responses. Thus, the majority of our currently available vaccines, such as vaccines against influenza, measles and hepatitis focus on the generation of long lasting antibody responses. Recent evidence from a variety of in vivo model systems and from human patient cohorts has highlighted the exclusive role of cellular Fc-receptors for certain immunoglobulin isotypes and subclasses. With the recent discovery of a human Fc-receptor for IgM all different human immunoglobulin isotypes now have a cellular receptor, providing a feedback mechanism and link between antibodies and the cellular components of the immune system. Moreover it has become clear the complement and Fc-receptor system are tightly connected and regulate each other to ensure a well balanced immune response. Among the immunoglobulin isotypes IgG plays a very important protective role against microbial infections and also as a therapeutic agent to kill tumor cells or autoantibody producing B cells in autoimmune disease. Transfer of our knowledge about the crucial function of Fc-receptors has led to the production of a second generation of therapeutic antibodies with enhanced binding to this class of receptors. Binding of antibodies to Fc-receptors leads to the recruitment of the potent pro-inflammatory effector functions of cells from the innate immune system. Hence, Fc-receptors link the innate and adaptive immune system, emphasizing the importance of both arms of the immune system and their crosstalk during anti-microbial immune responses. Besides this pro-inflammatory activity immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules are long known to also have an anti-inflammatory function. This is demonstrated by the use of high dose intravenous immunoglobulins as a therapeutic agent in many human autoimmune diseases. During the past five years several new insights into the molecular and cellular pathways of this anti-inflammatory activity were gained radically changing our view of IgG function in vivo. Several lines of evidence suggest that the sugar moiety attached to the IgG molecule is responsible for these opposing activities and may be seen as a molecular switch enabling the immune system to change IgG function from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory activity. There is convincing evidence in mice and humans that aberrant IgG glycosylation could be an important new pathway for understanding the impaired antibody activity during autoimmune disease. Besides this tremendous increase in basic knowledge about factors influencing immunoglobulin activity the book will also provide insights into how these new insights might help to generate novel therapeutic approaches to enhance IgG activity for tumor therapy on the one hand, and how to block the self-destructive activity of IgG autoantibodies during autoimmune disease on the other hand.
Author : Jeffrey V. Ravetch,Falk Nimmerjahn
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2019-09-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030310530
This volume explores several aspects of how antibodies mediate their activity in vivo, ranging from cancer immunotherapy to autoimmunity, infection, and vaccination. Divided into seven chapters, it provides in-depth insights into how antibodies and especially the antibody fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain modulate immune responses and antibody activity. The book begins by discussing evolutionary aspects of how the family of Fc receptors that are the key molecules for antibody activity evolved. In turn, it addresses the molecular and cellular pathways underlying IgG activity in cancer immunotherapy, and focuses on how IgG glycosylation regulates IgG and IgE activity in autoimmunity, allergy and infection. In closing, it presents strategies for developing novel antibody-based vaccination approaches. The book is intended for a very broad readership, including graduate students, postdocs and principal investigators with a basic grasp of immunology.
Author : Guido Ferrari,Georgia Tomaras,R. Keith Reeves,Gabriella Scarlatti
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2020-07-28
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889638901
Author : Robert M. Anthony
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2013-08-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128060377
IgG antibodies are highly potent molecules, with the unique ability to link foreign particles to innate immune cells. IgG antibodies recognize antigens with high affinity and bind cellular Fc receptors with low affinity individually. These interactions occur in the form of immune complexes, resulting in high-avidity interactions. In fact, the effector functions triggered by IgG antibodies are highly dependent on the type of Fc receptor that is bound; however, many aspects can influence Fc receptor binding by IgG antibodies, including the IgG isotype and the composition of the glycan on the IgG antibody. Further, FcγR expression is not stagnant but instead is affected by the inflammatory milieu. These considerations, and others that affect targeting of IgG Fcs to specific FcγRs to elicit desired effector functions, are discussed herein.
Author : Kenneth Murphy,Paul Travers,Mark Walport,Peter Walter
Publisher : Garland Science
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2010-06-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0815344570
The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Author : Jan G.J. Winkel,M. Hogarth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2012-02-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789401150187
Antibodies are crucial to the fine specificity of the immune system. An effective functioning of these molecules requires interaction with immune cells. Receptors for antibodies, Fc receptors, provide this critical link between the humoral and cellular branches of the immune system. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the different Fc receptors currently recognized. The first part of the book contains state-of-the-art overviews on the biological role of FcR. The latest information on FcR heterogeneity, FcR physiology, FcR-ligand recognition, their crucial coordinating role in immunity, interactions with other immunoreceptors, and the role of FcR in immunoglobulin transport and catabolism are discussed. The clinical importance of FcR is developed in the second part of the book. The well-recognized roles of FcR in allergy, inflammation, infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and immunotherapeutic importance are reviewed. The information in this book is easily accessible and should be helpful for researchers and clinical specialists as a convenient overview of the field, as well as a comprehensive introduction for students starting in this area of research.
Author : Margaret Ackerman,Falk Nimmerjahn
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2013-08-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780123948182
Antibody Fc is the first single text to synthesize the literature on the mechanisms underlying the dramatic variability of antibodies to influence the immune response. The book demonstrates the importance of the Fc domain, including protective mechanisms, effector cell types, genetic data, and variability in Fc domain function. This volume is a critical single-source reference for researchers in vaccine discovery, immunologists, microbiologists, oncologists and protein engineers as well as graduate students in immunology and vaccinology. Antibodies represent the correlate of protection for numerous vaccines and are the most rapidly growing class of drugs, with applications ranging from cancer and infectious disease to autoimmunity. Researchers have long understood the variable domain of antibodies, which are responsible for antigen recognition, and can provide protection by blocking the function of their target antigen. However, recent developments in our understanding of the protection mediated by antibodies have highlighted the critical nature of the antibody constant, or Fc domain, in the biological activity of antibodies. The Fc domain allows antibodies to link the adaptive and innate immune systems, providing specificity to a wide range of innate effector cells. In addition, they provide a feedback loop to regulate the character of the immune response via interactions with B cells and antigen-presenting cells. Clarifies the different mechanisms of IgG activity at the level of the different model systems used, including human genetic, mouse, and in vitro Covers the role of antibodies in cancer, infectious disease, and autoimmunity and in the setting of monoclonal antibody therapy as well as naturally raised antibodies Color illustrations enhance explanations of the immune system
Author : Maurizio Zanetti,Donald J. Capra
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2003-08-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780203304990
Intended for specialists in B cell immunology, investigating such topics as movement of a monoclonal antibody from the laboratory into the clinic, the field of Fc receptors and the impact of monoclonal antibodies on diagnosis and treatment of human
Author : Joseph U. Igietseme,Xiaoping Zhu,Carolyn M. Black
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2013-08-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128060360
Fc receptor (FcR)-dependent effector functions of antibodies contribute significantly to protective immunity against microbial pathogens and tumors. Therefore, FcR-mediated immunological processes constitute a key component of the immune system’s defense armamentaria for maintaining the biological and physiological integrity of the mammalian host who is yoked with frequent encounters with infections and neoplasia. The direct effector functions that result from FcR triggering are phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and induction of inflammation; also, FcR-mediated processes provide immunoregulation and immunomodulation that augment T-cell immunity and fine-tune immune responses against antigens. This plasticity of effector and immunoregulatory functions provides unique opportunities to apply FcR-based platforms and immunotherapeutic regimens for vaccine delivery and drug targeting against infectious and non-infectious diseases. This chapter focuses on the protective immunological processes resulting from antibody or immune complex binding to FcRs on effector cells (i.e., NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, PMNs, and eosinophils), as well as innovative strategies to apply these mechanisms in immunotherapy, vaccine, and drug delivery against infectious and non-infectious diseases. Deleterious immune reactivity associated with FcR engagement, including immune complex diseases, allergic reactions due to IgE-mediated activation of mast cells and basophils, or facilitation of microbial infectivity, such as antibody-mediated enhancement of infections, are outside the focus of this review.
Author : John L. Marshall
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2017-06-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1441907165
In the past decade, we have experienced an explosion of new information about cancer therapeutic targets. Many of the targets have been validated by the discovery and approval of new medicines which have been approved for the treatment of cancer. On the heels of these successes, innumerable new targets and new potential therapeutics are being developed by many different groups including government agencies, pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, academic institutions, and individual investigators. Understanding the expanding "universe" of cancer therapies is therefore becoming impossible and no single source exists which serves as a reference for the involved parties. Further, the interested parties have vastly different areas of expertise, from focused laboratory based science, to clinical research, to corporate and regulatory oversight. The text would be updated every two years, more often depending on pace of change, interest and sales. While useful online, this reference book would likely be kept in hard copy as well.
Author : Marije B. Overdijk,Sandra Verploegen,Wim K. Bleeker,Paul W.H.I. Parren
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2013-08-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128060346
Historically, lack of specificity for cancer cells has been a major problem in cancer treatment; however, the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which combine high specificity with multiple mechanisms of action (MoAs), started a revolution in anti-cancer treatment options which continues to date. As of January 2013, 15 major antibody products were being marketed for cancer treatment in various countries around the globe, 10 of which are unmodified mAbs, which generally have multiple potential MoAs and may act via direct, Fab-domain-related effects or indirect, Fc-domain-related effects. Fc-domain-related effects consist of immune-mediated effector functions, which include complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). ADCC and ADCP depend on the engagement of Fcγ-receptors (FcγR) on immune effector cells by Fc-domains clustered due to antibody–antigen binding. Similarly, CDC depends on the engagement of proteins of the complement system by clustered antibody Fc domains. In this chapter, preclinical and clinical studies with approved anti-cancer mAbs are reviewed, with an emphasis on the role of FcγR-mediated effector functions. The importance of therapeutic antibody–FcγR interactions for human treatment can be deduced from correlations of clinical responses with FcγR polymorphisms, results supported by a wealth of preclinical and in vitro studies.
Author : Sigurd J. Normann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 814 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781468443943
This book is the outcome of a meeting held in Davos, Switzerland, February 7-12, 1982 focused primarily on mononuclear phagocytes and on natural killer (NK) cells. This IX International RES Congress was attended by 489 scientists from 31 countries and there were 340 scientific presentations in oral or poster session. The essential purpose of the Congress was to bring together scientists representing various aspects of mononuclear phagocyte biology to review and examine cri~ically the effects and mechanisms of macrophage growth control as well as the participatio~ of these cells in the afferent and efferent limbs of the immune response. Additional topics included the production and distribution of mono nuclear phagocytes; the intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of these cells; and the origin, nature, function and regulation of NK cells. The ultimate goal of the Congress was to enhance communication between scientists in various countries and disciplines so that new research directives could be defined with which to explore basic aspects of macrophage and NK cell participation in the control of cancer and infection.
Author : Victor Raúl Gómez Román,Joseph C. Murray,Louis M. Weiner
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-08-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128060223
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), also called antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, is an immune mechanism through which Fc receptor-bearing effector cells can recognize and kill antibody-coated target cells expressing tumor- or pathogen-derived antigens on their surface. Numerous associations between ADCC activity, Fc receptor polymorphisms, and clinical outcomes have been observed in both the settings of vaccination and monoclonal antibody therapy. Here, the effector cells and receptors involved in ADCC are introduced, followed by a description of the four main stages and mechanisms leading to the antibody-dependent effector-mediated killing of the target cell: (1) Recognition of the target cell and Fc receptor cross-linking on the surface of the effector cell; (2) phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) by cellular src kinases within the effector cell; (3) triggering of three main downstream signaling pathways in the effector cell, resulting in cytotoxic granule polarization and release; and (4) killing of the target cell via the predominant perforin/granzyme cell death pathway. Further, a summary and a discussion are presented in relation to case studies in which in vitro ADCC activity correlates with protection against infectious diseases and outcomes in monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer in vivo . The means by which these mechanisms are currently being exploited by recombinant antibody engineering, and a path toward a future in which designed vaccines take advantage of variant ADCC activity are also discussed. Throughout the chapter, attention is drawn to the fact that, while the majority of ADCC studies have been based on research using peripheral blood mononuclear cells in which NK cells have been assumed to be the main effectors, questions remain unanswered about ADCC mediated by non-NK cell populations in peripheral blood and in mucosal compartments.