Fertility And Public Policy

Author : Noriyuki Takayama,Martin Werding
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2010-12-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262295123

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Fertility and Public Policy by Noriyuki Takayama,Martin Werding Pdf

Experts discuss the appropriateness and effectiveness using public policy to influence fertility decisions. In 2050, world population growth is predicted to come almost to a halt. Shortly thereafter it may well start to shrink. A major reason behind this shift is the fertility decline that has taken place in many developed countries. In this book, experts discuss the appropriateness and effectiveness of using public policy to influence fertility decisions. Contributors discuss the general feasibility of public interventions in the area of fertility, analyze fertility patterns and policy design in such countries as Japan, South Korea, China, Sweden, and France, and offer theoretical analyses of parental fertility choices that provide an overview of a broad array of child-related policy instruments in a number of OECD and EU countries. The chapters show that it is difficult to gauge the effectiveness of such policy interventions as child-care subsidies, support for women's labor-force participation, and tax incentives. Data are often incomplete, causal relations unproved, and the role of social norms and culture difficult to account for. Investigating reasons for the decline in fertility more closely will require further study. This volume offers the latest work on this increasingly important subject.

Author : Frances McCall Rosenbluth
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2006-12-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 080476820X

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The Political Economy of Japan's Low Fertility by Frances McCall Rosenbluth Pdf

This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to one of Japan's thorniest public policy issues: why are women increasingly forgoing motherhood? At the heart of the matter lies a paradox: although the overall trend among rich countries is for fertility to decrease as female labor participation increases, gender-friendly countries resist the trend. Conversely, gender-unfriendly countries have lower fertility rates than they would have if they changed their labor markets to encourage the hiring of women—and therein lies Japan's problem. The authors argue that the combination of an inhospitable labor market for women and insufficient support for childcare pushes women toward working harder to promote their careers, to the detriment of childbearing. Controversial and enlightening, this book provides policy recommendations for solving not just Japan's fertility issue but those of other modern democracies facing a similar crisis.

Author : Ronald R. Rindfuss,Minja Kim Choe
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 3319814176

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Low Fertility, Institutions, and their Policies by Ronald R. Rindfuss,Minja Kim Choe Pdf

This volume examines ten economically advanced countries in Europe and Asia that have experienced different levels of fertility decline. It offers readers a cross-country perspective on the causes and consequences of low birth rates and the different policy responses to this worrying trend. The countries examined are not only diverse geographically, historically, and culturally, but also have different policies and institutions in place. They include six very-low-fertility countries (Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and Taiwan) and four that have close to replacement-level fertility (United Kingdom, Norway, Canada, and France). Although fertility has gone down in all these countries over the past 50 years, the chapters examine the institutional, policy, and cultural factors that have led some countries to have much lower fertility rates than others. In addition, the final chapter provides a cross-country comparison of individual perceptions about obs tacles to fertility, based on survey data, and government support for families. This broad overview, along with a general introduction, helps put the specific country papers in context. As birth rates continue to decline, there is increasing concern about the fate of social welfare systems, including healthcare and programs for the elderly. This book will help readers to better understand the root causes of such problems with its insightful discussion on how a country’s institutions, policies, and culture shape fertility trends and levels.

Author : Lant Pritchett,Lawrence H. Summers
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 95 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Birth control
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Desired Fertility and the Impact of Population Policies by Lant Pritchett,Lawrence H. Summers Pdf

Author : Edwin D. Driver
Publisher : Lexington, Mass. : Lexington Books
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Birth control
ISBN : STANFORD:36105033954236

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Essays on Population Policy by Edwin D. Driver Pdf

Monograph of essays comprising a survey of population policy issues in the USA - examines social policies affecting human fertility and family planning, current trends in population research and teaching, etc. Graphs, references and statistical tables.

Author : Ronald R. Rindfuss,Minja Kim Choe
Publisher : Springer
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2015-10-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319214825

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Low and Lower Fertility by Ronald R. Rindfuss,Minja Kim Choe Pdf

This volume examines two distinct low fertility scenarios that have emerged in economically advanced countries since the turn of the 20th century: one in which fertility is at or near replacement-level and the other where fertility is well below replacement. It explores the way various institutions, histories and cultures influence fertility in a diverse range of countries in Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The book features invited papers from the Conference on Low Fertility, Population Aging and Population Policy, held December 2013 and co-sponsored by the East-West Center and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA). It first presents an overview of the demographic and policy implications of the two low fertility scenarios. Next, the book explores five countries currently experiencing low fertility rates: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and South Korea. It then examines three countries that have close to replacement-level fertility: Australia, the Netherlands and the United States. Each country is featured in a separate chapter written by a demographer with expert knowledge in the area. Very low fertility is linked to a number of conditions countries face, including a declining population size. At the same time, low fertility and its effect on the age structure, threatens social welfare policies. This book goes beyond the technical to examine the core institutional, policy and cultural factors behind this increasingly important issue. It helps readers to make cross-country comparisons and gain insight into how diverse institutions, policies and culture shape fertility levels and patterns.

Author : John F. May
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012-03-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789400728363

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World Population Policies by John F. May Pdf

This book examines the history behind the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of population policies in the more developed, the less developed, and the least developed countries from 1950 until today, as well as their future prospects. It links population policies with the theories of the demographic, epidemiological, and migratory transitions. It begins by summarizing the demographic situation around the world, with an emphasis on population policies and their underlying theories. Then, it reviews the early efforts to reduce mortality and fertility in the developing countries. This is followed by a description of the internationalization of the debate on population issues and the transformation of these programs into more formal population policies, particularly in the developing countries. The book reviews also the situation of the developed countries and their specific challenges – sub-replacement fertility, population aging, and immigration – and examines the effectiveness of population policies. It also explores the way forward and future prospects for population policies over the next decades. The book provides numerous concrete examples from all over the world, and show how population policies are actually implemented and what have been their successes as well as their constraints. Above all, the book highlights the importance of understanding underlying demographic trends when assessing the development prospects of any country. The book is recommended for not only demographers, social scientists, and policymakers but also economists and political scientists who are interested in social and demographic change around the world. Demography students and researchers who are interested in applying knowledge on population trends and prospects in designing and evaluating public policies will find this an invaluable reference work.

Author : John F. May
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2012-03-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789400728370

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World Population Policies by John F. May Pdf

This book examines the history behind the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of population policies in the more developed, the less developed, and the least developed countries from 1950 until today, as well as their future prospects. It links population policies with the theories of the demographic, epidemiological, and migratory transitions. It begins by summarizing the demographic situation around the world, with an emphasis on population policies and their underlying theories. Then, it reviews the early efforts to reduce mortality and fertility in the developing countries. This is followed by a description of the internationalization of the debate on population issues and the transformation of these programs into more formal population policies, particularly in the developing countries. The book reviews also the situation of the developed countries and their specific challenges – sub-replacement fertility, population aging, and immigration – and examines the effectiveness of population policies. It also explores the way forward and future prospects for population policies over the next decades. The book provides numerous concrete examples from all over the world, and show how population policies are actually implemented and what have been their successes as well as their constraints. Above all, the book highlights the importance of understanding underlying demographic trends when assessing the development prospects of any country. The book is recommended for not only demographers, social scientists, and policymakers but also economists and political scientists who are interested in social and demographic change around the world. Demography students and researchers who are interested in applying knowledge on population trends and prospects in designing and evaluating public policies will find this an invaluable reference work.

Author : Monica Das Gupta
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Fertility, Human
ISBN : OCLC:38285839

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Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité by Monica Das Gupta Pdf

Author : Robert Cassen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105017024568

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Population Policy by Robert Cassen Pdf

Access to safe abortion remains on the agenda. Quality must be improved and a range of methods provided. Population policies must also address underlying causes of high fertility. Such programs would be directed to socioeconomic change, improved child survival, increased female education, and increased opportunities for employment and income generation. A final component of population policies emphasizes delayed marriage and the age of childbearing and increased spacing between births. Population issues are primarily ethical issues about what kind of world people want to live in and the living conditions. Political will and the effectiveness of policy options will determine future actions. Donor agencies should agree to devote 4% of concessional aid to population activities, including HIV/AIDS prevention and reproductive health. Social development assistance should also be increased.

Author : Virginia Abernethy
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1412831571

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Population Politics by Virginia Abernethy Pdf

International efforts to regulate fertility rates so that populations do not grow beyond the earth's capacity have included technical assistance and capital; improved health care conditions to lower the risk of infant mortality; increased opportunities to develop literacy; the democratization of governments; and several decades of liberal immigration and refugee policies favoring third world nations. The persistence of high fertility despite international efforts confounds demographers. "Population Politics" brilliantly dissects the paradigm responsible for the counterproductive efforts of nations and international agencies. Abernethy, a renowned anthropologist, shows why policies hamper the shift to lower fertility. Ireland, Indonesia, Cuba, China, Turkey and Egypt are but a few of the countries Abernethy examines, showing how economic, sociocultural, and agricultural factors that have caused population growth can be harnessed to stabilize population size. "Population Politics" is a provocative examination of the influence of aid and liberal immigration policies on world population growth, and often counterproductive to the role of the United States as an industrial power. This volume's uniquely interdisciplinary perspective will enlighten the lay reader, as well as demographers and epidemiologists, conservationists, reproduction and family specialists, agricultural economists, and public health personnel. "Addresses one of the most vexing issues of our time--why after five or more decades of helping' poor countries improve their standard of living, is poverty still the rule? In light of Abernethy's facts, leaders in the United States cannot be excused from rethinking policies with respect to immigration and foreign aid. This book provides a fresh look at classic and neoclassic views of overpopulation."--Kingsley Davis, The Hoover Institution, Stanford, California "A splendid critique of how U.S. foreign aid and liberal immigration [policy] result in population growth here and abroad."--Donald L. Huddle, Rice University, Houston, Texas "Virginia D. Abernethy" is professor emeritus of psychiatry (anthropology) at Vanderbilt Medical School and was for 11 years the editor of the scholarly journal "Population and Environment. "Garrett Hardin" is emeritus professor of human ecology in the Department of Biological Sciences and the University of California, Santa Barbara.

Author : Susan L. Averett,Laura M. Argys,Saul D. Hoffman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2018-05-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780190878269

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The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy by Susan L. Averett,Laura M. Argys,Saul D. Hoffman Pdf

The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.

Author : Ronald R. Rindfuss,Minja Kim Choe
Publisher : Springer
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2016-06-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319329970

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Low Fertility, Institutions, and their Policies by Ronald R. Rindfuss,Minja Kim Choe Pdf

This volume examines ten economically advanced countries in Europe and Asia that have experienced different levels of fertility decline. It offers readers a cross-country perspective on the causes and consequences of low birth rates and the different policy responses to this worrying trend. The countries examined are not only diverse geographically, historically, and culturally, but also have different policies and institutions in place. They include six very-low-fertility countries (Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and Taiwan) and four that have close to replacement-level fertility (United Kingdom, Norway, Canada, and France). Although fertility has gone down in all these countries over the past 50 years, the chapters examine the institutional, policy, and cultural factors that have led some countries to have much lower fertility rates than others. In addition, the final chapter provides a cross-country comparison of individual perceptions about obs tacles to fertility, based on survey data, and government support for families. This broad overview, along with a general introduction, helps put the specific country papers in context. As birth rates continue to decline, there is increasing concern about the fate of social welfare systems, including healthcare and programs for the elderly. This book will help readers to better understand the root causes of such problems with its insightful discussion on how a country’s institutions, policies, and culture shape fertility trends and levels.

Author : Committee on Population,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1999-04-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309518888

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The Role of Diffusion Processes in Fertility Change in Developing Countries by Committee on Population,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council Pdf

This report summarizes presentations and discussions at the Workshop on the Social Processes Underlying Fertility Change in Developing Countries, organized by the Committee on Population of the National Research Council (NRC) in Washington, D.C., January 29-30, 1998. Fourteen papers were presented at the workshop; they represented both theoretical and empirical perspectives and shed new light on the role that diffusion processes may play in fertility transition. These papers served as the basis for the discussion that is summarized in this report.

Author : Marc Nerlove,Assaf Razin,Efraim Sadka
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2014-05-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781483274683

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Household and Economy by Marc Nerlove,Assaf Razin,Efraim Sadka Pdf

Household and Economy: Welfare Economics of Endogenous Fertility deals with welfare economics and the socially optimal population size, as well as the social consequences of individual choice with respect to family size within each generation. The general equilibrium implications of endogenous fertility for a number of issues of population policy are discussed. In addition to their own consumption, the number of children and the utility of each child is assumed to enter the utility function of the parents. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with a review of social welfare criteria for optimal population size and the static theory of optimal population size, optimal population growth with exogenous fertility, and the theory of endogenous fertility. The reader is then introduced to the basic principles of welfare economics and the economics of externalities, followed by a summary of the traditional theory of household behavior. Subsequent chapters focus on optimal population size according to various social welfare criteria; real and potential externalities generated by the endogeneity of fertility; and the principal alternative reason for having children: to transfer resources from the present to support the future consumption of parents in old age. The book concludes by assessing the implications of endogenous fertility for within-generation income distribution policies and reflecting on the directions in which future research may be fruitful. This monograph will be of value to economists, social scientists, students of welfare economics, and those who wish to understand the contribution of economic analysis to an improved understanding of population policy.