Fire Retardant Materials

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Fire Retardant Materials

A. Richard Horrocks,D. Price
Fire Retardant Materials Book PDF

Author : A. Richard Horrocks,D. Price
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2001-02-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781855737464

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Fire Retardant Materials by A. Richard Horrocks,D. Price Pdf

This is a comprehensive source of information on all aspects of fire retardancy. Particluar emphasis is placed on the burning behaviour and flame retarding properties of polymeric materials and textiles. It covers combustion, flame retardants, smoke and toxic products generally and then goes on to concentrate on some more material-specific aspects of combustion in relation to textiles, composites and bulk polymers. Developments in all areas of fire retardant materials are covered including research in new areas such as nanocomposition. Fire retardant materials is an essential reference source for all those working with, researching into, or designing new fire retardant materials. Detailed analysis of the burning behaviour and flame retarding properties of ploymers, composites and textiles Covers smoke and toxic gas generation Analysis of material performance in fire

Advances in Fire Retardant Materials

A. Richard Horrocks,D. Price
Advances in Fire Retardant Materials Book PDF

Author : A. Richard Horrocks,D. Price
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 632 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2008-09-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781845695071

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Advances in Fire Retardant Materials by A. Richard Horrocks,D. Price Pdf

This important book provides a comprehensive account of the advances that have occurred in fire science in relation to a broad range of materials. The manufacture of fire retardant materials is an active area of research, the understanding of which can improve safety as well as the marketability of a product. The first part of the book reviews the advances that have occurred in improving the fire retardancy of specific materials, ranging from developments in phosphorus and halogen-free flame retardants to the use of nanocomposites as novel flame retardant systems. Key environmental issues are also addressed. The second group of chapters examines fire testing issues and regulations. A final group of chapters addresses the application of fire retardant materials in such areas as composites, automotive materials, military fabrics and aviation materials. With its distinguished editors and array of international contributors, this book is an essential reference for producers, manufacturers, retailers and all those wishing to improve fire retardancy in materials. It is also suitable for researchers in industry or academia. Reviews advances in improving the retardancy of materials Addresses key environmental issues Examines fire testing issues and regulations and the challenges involved

Advanced Flame Retardant Materials

Fouad Laoutid
Advanced Flame Retardant Materials Book PDF

Author : Fouad Laoutid
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2020-03-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783039283507

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Advanced Flame Retardant Materials by Fouad Laoutid Pdf

Recent disasters caused by the spread of fire in buildings and in transportations remind us of the importance of fire protection. Using flame-retardant materials is one important element of the firefighting strategy, which aims to prevent fire development and propagation. These materials are used in different applications, such as in textiles, coatings, foams, furniture, and cables. The development of more efficient and environmentally friendly flame-retardant additives is an active multidisciplinary approach that has attracted a great deal of interest. Studies have aimed at the development of new, sustainable, and flame-retardant additives/materials, providing high performance and low toxicity. Also studied were their properties during ageing and recycling, as well as modeling physical and chemical processes occuring before ignition and during their combustion. The development of sustainable flame retardants and understanding their modes of action provide a strong link between these topics and cover many fields from organic chemistry, materials engineering, and toxicology, to physics and mathematics.

Fire Retardant Materials

A. Richard Horrocks,D. Price,Dennis Price
Fire Retardant Materials Book PDF

Author : A. Richard Horrocks,D. Price,Dennis Price
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2001-02-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1855734192

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Fire Retardant Materials by A. Richard Horrocks,D. Price,Dennis Price Pdf

"This authoritative reference work will provide a comprehensive source of information for readers concerned with the highly diverse subject of fire retardance. The emphasis is on the burning behaviour and flame retarding properties of polymeric materials. It covers combustion, flame retardants, smoke and toxic products generally and goes on to concentrate on more material-specific aspects of combustion in relation to textiles, composites and bulk polymers. A wide range of fire retardant materials are covered including research in the new field of nanocomposites."--Knovel.

Novel Fire Retardant Polymers and Composite Materials

De-Yi Wang
Novel Fire Retardant Polymers and Composite Materials Book PDF

Author : De-Yi Wang
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780081001639

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Novel Fire Retardant Polymers and Composite Materials by De-Yi Wang Pdf

Novel Fire Retardant Polymers and Composite Materials reviews the latest scientific developments and technological advances in the design and manufacture of fire retardant polymers and composite materials. Fire retardant polymeric materials are used in a broad range of applications in fields such as aviation, automotive, computer, construction, electronics, and telecommunications. It is essential to have a better understanding of the scientific technology used in the design and manufacture of fire-resistant materials and their end products. This book includes the latest developments in fire retardant technologies for different polymeric material systems, such as PU, PP, PE, PLA, epoxy, rubber, textile, phenol resin, and PA, etc. Provides cutting-edge research in flame retardant materials, relevant to both scientific and industrial applications Presents the latest and most up-to-date fire retardant technologies Discusses the most popular fire retardant polymer systems Includes the latest developments in fire retardant technologies for different polymeric material systems, such as PU, PP, PE, PLA, epoxy, rubber, textile, phenol resin, and PA

Polymer Green Flame Retardants

Constantine D. Papaspyrides,Pantelis Kiliaris
Polymer Green Flame Retardants Book PDF

Author : Constantine D. Papaspyrides,Pantelis Kiliaris
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 942 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2014-08-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780444538093

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Polymer Green Flame Retardants by Constantine D. Papaspyrides,Pantelis Kiliaris Pdf

Polymer Green Flame Retardants covers key issues regarding the response of polymers during fire, the mechanisms of their flame retardation, the regulations imposed on their use, and the health hazards arising from their combustion. Presenting the latest research developments, the book focuses in particular on nanocomposites, believed to be the most promising approach for producing physically superior materials with low flammability and ecological impact. The fire properties of nanocomposites of various matrixes and fillers are discussed, the toxicological characteristics of these materials are analyzed, addressing also their environmental sustainability. Edited by distinguished scientists, including an array of international industry and academia experts, this book will appeal to chemical, mechanical, environmental, material and process engineers, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines, and generally to researchers developing commercially attractive and environmentally friendly fire-proof products. Provides recent findings on the manufacture of environmentally sustainable flame retardant polymeric materials Covers legislation and regulations concerning flame retarded polymeric material use Includes tables containing the fire properties of the most common polymeric materials

Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials

Eli Pearce
Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials Book PDF

Author : Eli Pearce
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 463 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781468421484

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Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials by Eli Pearce Pdf

Flammability has been recognized as an increasingly important social and scientific problem. Fire statistics in the United States (Report of the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control. "America Burning:' 1973) emphasized the vast devastation to life and property--12.000 lives lost annually due to fire. and these deaths are usually caused by inhaling smoke or toxic gases: 300.000 fire injuries: 11.4 billion dollars in fire cost at which 2.7 billion dollars is related to property loss: a billion dollars to burn injury treatment: and 3.3 billion dollars in productivity loss. It is obvious that much human and economic misery can be attributed to fire situations. In relation to this. polymer flammability has been recognized as an in creasingly important social and scientific problem. The development of flame-retardant polymeric materials is a current example where the initia tive for major scientific and technological developments is motivated by sociological pressure and legislation. This is part of the important trend toward a safer environment and sets a pattern for future example. Flame retardancy deals with our basic everyday life situations-housing. work areas. transportation. clothing and so forth-the "macroenvironment" capsule within which "homosapiens" live. As a result. flame-retardant polymers are now emerging as a specific class of materials leading to new and diversified scientific and technological ventures.

Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials

Yuan Hu,Xin Wang
Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials Book PDF

Author : Yuan Hu,Xin Wang
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2019-08-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351586146

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Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials by Yuan Hu,Xin Wang Pdf

Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the field, from basic properties and mechanisms of action for flame retardants to emerging methods, materials, and industrial applications. With over 120 black and white images, Hu and Wang cover the latest in the development of novel polymer nanocomposites such as graphene, CNTs, LDHs, POSS, and techniques such as layer-by-layer assembly. These expert authors also include discussions on the important flame-retardant systems based on phosphorus, silicon, and boron. In doing so, they highlight the use of flame-retardants in varying industries, for example, construction, textiles, and aviation. This comprehensive handbook is an essential read for students and academics of physics with a particular interest in flame-retardant materials. It would also be recommended for professionals within the materials science and engineering fields.

Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals
Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame Retardant Chemicals Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 534 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2000-07-06
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309171939

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Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals Pdf

Ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames from matches, cigarette lighters, and candles is one of the leading causes of residential-fire deaths in the United States. These fires accounted for about 16% of civilian fire deaths in 1996. On average, each year since 1990, about 90 deaths (primarily of children), 440 injuries, and property losses amounting to 50 million dollars have resulted from fires caused by the ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames. Certain commercial seating products (such as aircraft and bus seats) are subject to flammability standards and sometimes incorporate FR-treated upholstery cover materials, but there is no federal-government requirement for residential upholstered furniture, and it is generally not treated with FR chemicals. It is estimated that less than 0.2% of all U.S. residential upholstery fabric is treated with flame-retardant (FR) chemicals. The Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972 created the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as an independent federal regulatory agency whose mission is to protect the public from unreasonable risks of injury and death associated with consumer products. CPSC also administers the Flammable Fabrics Act, under which it regulates flammability hazards and the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA), which regulates hazardous substances including chemicals. In 1993, the National Association of State Fire Marshals petitioned CPSC to issue a performance-based flammability standard for upholstered furniture to reduce the risk of residential fires. The Commission granted that portion of the petition relating to small open flame ignition risks. In response to concerns regarding the safety of FR chemicals, Congress, in the fiscal year 1999 appropriations report for CPSC, requested that the National Research Council conduct an independent study of the health risks to consumers posed by exposure to FR chemicals that are likely to be used in residential upholstered furniture to meet a CPSC standard. The National Research Council assigned the project to the Committee on Toxicology (COT) of the Commission on Life Sciences' Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. COT convened the Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals, which prepared this report. Subcommittee members were chosen for their recognized expertise in toxicology, pharmacology, epidemiology, chemistry, exposure assessment, risk assessment, and biostatistics. Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals is organized into 18 chapters and two appendices. Chapter 2 describes the risk assessment process used by the subcommittee in determining the risk associated with potential exposure to the various FR chemicals. Chapter 3 describes the method the subcommittee used to measure and estimate the intensity, frequency, extent, and duration of human exposure to FR chemicals. Chapters 4-19 provide the subcommittee's review and assessment of health risks posed by exposure to each of the 16 FR chemicals. Data gaps and research needs are provided at the end of these chapters.

The Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook

Alexander B. Morgan,Charles A. Wilkie
The Non halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook Book PDF

Author : Alexander B. Morgan,Charles A. Wilkie
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2014-04-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118939208

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The Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook by Alexander B. Morgan,Charles A. Wilkie Pdf

A one-stop, practical handbook containing all of the current commercial non-halogenated flame retardant technologies as well as experimental systems near commercialization In response to the emphasis on replacing halogenated flame retardants with alternate technologies, this handbook focuses on existing non-halogenated flame retardants and the experimental close-to-production systems that are available today. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook starts with an overview of the regulations and customer perceptions driving non-halogenated flame retardant selections over older halogenated technologies. It then moves on to cover the known major classes of non-halogenated flame retardants, before concluding with the current niche-performing technologies and untried commercial contenders of the future. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook: Takes a practical approach to addressing the narrow subject of non-halogenated flame retardancy—placing more emphasis on flame retardant selection for specific plastics, practical considerations in flame retardant material design, and the various technologies’ strengths and limits Focuses on the proper use of non-halogenated flame retardants, rather than the mechanics of how they work Discusses important future trends in flame retardancy Features sections written by industrial and chemical experts who know how to apply the technology to polymers for fire safety needs

Theory of Flame Retardation of Polymeric Materials

Li Jianjun,Ou Yuxiang
Theory of Flame Retardation of Polymeric Materials Book PDF

Author : Li Jianjun,Ou Yuxiang
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2019-08-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783110386486

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Theory of Flame Retardation of Polymeric Materials by Li Jianjun,Ou Yuxiang Pdf

Flame retardant materials are of vital importance in guaranteeing personal security. Especially the demand for non-toxic, low smoking, polymerized flame retardants increases and new materials enter the market. The authors present the fundamental theory of polymer combustion, compare different flame retardants, describe smoke suppression mechanisms, and explain analyzing techniques for new materials.

Fire Retardancy of Polymers

Michel Le Bras,Serge Bourbigot,Sophie Duquesne,Charafedine Jama,Charles Wilkie
Fire Retardancy of Polymers Book PDF

Author : Michel Le Bras,Serge Bourbigot,Sophie Duquesne,Charafedine Jama,Charles Wilkie
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2007-10-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781847552396

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Fire Retardancy of Polymers by Michel Le Bras,Serge Bourbigot,Sophie Duquesne,Charafedine Jama,Charles Wilkie Pdf

The use of polymers is restricted by their flammability - they may indeed initiate or propagate fire. Fire Retardancy of Polymers focuses on mineral additives from either micro- or nano-composites for application in fire retardants. With the use of fire retardant additives containing halogen or phosphorus compounds in decline, the need for other systems is evident. The major materials that are used are alumina trihydrate or magnesium hydroxide which account for more than 50% by weight of the world-wide sales of fire retardants. Recent works have shown that such halogen-free compounds may give enhanced fire retardancy to polymeric materials when used in low levels, alone, or in synergistic mixtures. The corresponding fire performance depends on the dispersion of the mineral filler, with micrometer-scale dispersion leading to the best performances. Specialists discuss these new applications of mineral fillers with particular emphasis on action mechanisms, new materials including textiles, toxicology and hazards. With extensive references, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date view of these applications. This book will appeal to professionals, materials scientists and engineers looking for novel ways to eliminate fire hazards and improve flame retardancy of materials, with a special interest in sustainable development.

Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites

Alexander B. Morgan,Charles A. Wilkie
Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites Book PDF

Author : Alexander B. Morgan,Charles A. Wilkie
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2007-04-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780470109021

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Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites by Alexander B. Morgan,Charles A. Wilkie Pdf

Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites takes a comprehensive look at polymer nanocomposites for flame retardancy applications and includes nanocomposite fundamentals (theory, design, synthesis, characterization) as well as polymer flammability fundamentals with emphasis on how nanocomposites affect flammability. The book has practical examples from literature, patents, and existing commercial products. Readers can design new work based upon the material in the book or use it as a handy reference for interpreting existing work and results.

New Technologies in Protective Coatings

Carlos Giudice,Guadalupe Canosa
New Technologies in Protective Coatings Book PDF

Author : Carlos Giudice,Guadalupe Canosa
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2017-09-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789535134916

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New Technologies in Protective Coatings by Carlos Giudice,Guadalupe Canosa Pdf

Materials are at the center of all technological advances; it is evident in considering the spectacular progress that has been made in fields as diverse as engineering, medicine, biology, etc. Materials science and technology must develop researches allowing the generation of new methods of protection to reduce fundamentally the losses of human life as well as the economic ones. The former are impossible of quantifying, while the latter are highly significant; thus, only those derived from corrosive processes in their different forms reach, in technologically developed countries, about 4% of the Gross National Product (GNP), while those derived from fire action range from 0.5 to 1.0% of the mentioned GNP. The book, in the different chapters, displays original systems of superficial protection and of low environmental impact to minimize the losses by corrosion and the fire action.

Bio-based Flame-Retardant Technology for Polymeric Materials

Yuan Hu,Hafezeh Nabipour,Xin Wang
Bio based Flame Retardant Technology for Polymeric Materials Book PDF

Author : Yuan Hu,Hafezeh Nabipour,Xin Wang
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2022-08-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780323907729

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Bio-based Flame-Retardant Technology for Polymeric Materials by Yuan Hu,Hafezeh Nabipour,Xin Wang Pdf

Bio-Based Flame Retardants for Polymeric Materials provides a comprehensive overview of flame retardants derived directly and indirectly from plant sources, drawing on cutting-edge research and covering preparation methods, testing and evaluation techniques, enhanced properties, and end applications. Chapters introduce bio-based materials in the context of additives for flame retardancy, explaining fundamentals and testing methods and analyzing synthetic approaches and the potential advantages of pursuing a bio-based approach. This is followed by detailed coverage of bio-based retardants, with each chapter covering a specific source and guiding the reader systematically through preparation techniques, evaluation methods, properties and applications. Throughout the book, the latest progress in the field is critically reviewed, and there is a continual emphasis on novel approaches to achieve enhanced properties and performant materials. This is an essential guide for all those with an interest in innovative, sustainable flame retardant additives for polymeric materials, including researchers, scientists, advanced students, and more. Explains innovative techniques for the preparation of bio-based flame retardant mechanisms, analyzing properties, performance and applications Offers in-depth coverage of a range of sources, including cellulose, lignin, cardanol, chitosan, eugenol, vanillin, furan, alginate and vegetable oils Presents the latest advances in the field, serving as a novel resource to advanced students, researchers and R&D professionals in academia and industry