Fire Toxicity

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Fire Toxicity

Author : A A Stec,T R Hull
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 728 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2010-03-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781845698072

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Fire Toxicity by A A Stec,T R Hull Pdf

Toxic fire effluents are responsible for the majority of fire deaths, and an increasing large majority of fire injuries, driven by the widespread and increasing use of synthetic polymers. Fire safety has focused on preventing ignition and reducing flame spread through reducing the rate of heat release, while neglecting the important issue of fire toxicity. This is the first reference work on fire toxicity and the only scientific publication on the subject in the last 15 years. Assessment of toxic effects of fires is increasingly being recognised as a key factor in the assessment of fire hazards. This book raises important issues including the types of toxic effluents that different fires produce, their physiological effects, methods for generation and assessment of fire toxicity, current and proposed regulations and approaches to modelling the toxic impact of fires. The contributors to Fire toxicity represent an international team of the leading experts in each aspect of this challenging and important field. This book provides an important reference work for professionals in the fire community, including fire fighters, fire investigators, regulators, fire safety engineers, and formulators of fire-safe materials. It will also prove invaluable to researchers in academia and industry. Investigates the controversial subject of toxic effluents as the cause of the majority of fire deaths and injuries Describes the different types of toxic effluents and the specific fires that they produce, their physiological effects and methods for generation Provides an overview of national and international fire safety regulations including current and proposed regulations such as a standardized framework for prediction of fire gas toxicity

Toxicity of Plastics and Rubber in Fire

Author : P. J. Fardell
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1859570011

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Toxicity of Plastics and Rubber in Fire by P. J. Fardell Pdf

This report does not seek to single out synthetic polymers as a special case. It aims to provide an overview of the whole subject of combustion toxicity and threat to life, whilst supplying specific information on the most frequently encountered polymeric materials, and combustion products such as dioxins which have received high levels of media attention. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database provides useful references for further reading.

Characterization and Toxicity of Smoke

Author : Harry K. Hasegawa
Publisher : ASTM International
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Combustion gases
ISBN : 9780803113862

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Characterization and Toxicity of Smoke by Harry K. Hasegawa Pdf

"Contains papers presented at a symposium held in Phoenix, Ariz. on Dec. 5, 1988 and sponsored by ASTM Committee E-5 on Fire Standards."-- Foreword. - "ASTM publication code number (PCN) 04-010820-31."--t.p. verso. - "ASTM Special Technical Publication 1081. - Includes bibliographical references and indexes. - Electronic reproduction; W. Conshohocken, Pa; ASTM International; 2011; Mode of access: World Wide Web; System requirements: Web browser; Access may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.

Fire Toxicity of Plastics

Author : Rapra Technology Limited
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Combustion gases
ISBN : 0902348442

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Fire Toxicity of Plastics by Rapra Technology Limited Pdf

Toxicology, Survival and Health Hazards of Combustion Products

Author : David Purser,Robert Maynard,James Wakefield
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 676 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2015-10-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781849735698

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Toxicology, Survival and Health Hazards of Combustion Products by David Purser,Robert Maynard,James Wakefield Pdf

This book provides comprehensive and detailed information on combustion processes, dispersion of combustion products, estimation of rate of production of products and their effects on health.

Toxic Effects of Fires

Author : Building Research Establishment
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Combustion gases
ISBN : 0851253520

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Toxic Effects of Fires by Building Research Establishment Pdf

This is an important subject now facing manufacturers, fire brigades and architects because many deaths in fires are attributable not to burns and other injuries but to the combined effects of smoke and toxic gases. Modern synthetic polymeric materials are often the cause. Several recent fires, such as the Stardust Disco fire (Dublin, Ireland, February 1981)(1), the Woolworth's Store fire (Manchester, UK, May 1979) (2), the MGM Hotel fire (USA, November 1980)(3) and the British Rail Sleeper fire (Taunton, UK, July 1978)'4' have highlighted the problems of toxic gases in fires, a major cause of death in each case. Despite the obvious importance of toxic gases, there is currently no widely acceptable way in which their direct effects can be effectively predicted and mitigated. It is, therefore, essential that fire safety practitioners can base their decisions on up-to-date information and so get combustion toxicity, especially the use of small-scale testing procedures, into a true perspective. That is the purpose of this digest.

Combustion Toxicology

Author : Shayne C. Gad,Harold L. Kaplan
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1990-10-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1439805326

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Combustion Toxicology by Shayne C. Gad,Harold L. Kaplan Pdf

Combustion toxicology is a recent, applied science, the ultimate purpose of which is to reduce casualties from smoke inhalation. The present volume attempts an unbiased presentation of the state of the field. The authors have identified the misconceptions and unsupported conclusions in the literature, differentiating between fact and hypothesis and present the reader with an account of what is really known about the toxicity of smoke produced by materials. They also recommend an approach to evaluating the toxicity of combustion products.

Combustion Toxicology

Author : Harold L. Kaplan,Arthur F. Grand,Gordon E. Hartzell
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Medical
ISBN : MINN:31951000473147Y

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Combustion Toxicology by Harold L. Kaplan,Arthur F. Grand,Gordon E. Hartzell Pdf

Chemical Forest Fire Retardants

Author : W. Waynon Johnson,Herman O. Sanders
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : Acute toxicity testing
ISBN : UOM:39015086512616

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Chemical Forest Fire Retardants by W. Waynon Johnson,Herman O. Sanders Pdf

Toxicities of four chemical forest fire retardants, Fire-Trol 100 and 931 (ammonium sulfate, or polyphosphate with an attapulgit clay thickner) and Phos-Chek 202A and 259 (diammonium phosphate with guar gum derivative thickner) were determined by static and flow-through toxicity tests for fry and fingerling coho salmon and rainbow trout; fingerling fathead minnows, bluegills, and largemouth bass; and mature scuds. In static tests, Phos-Chek formulations were more toxic than either of the Fire-Trol formulations to scuds and all life stages of fish. In salmon and trout, fry were generally more susceptible than fingerlings to all formulations; yolk-sac fry were more susceptible than swim-up friy. Toxicities of all formulations to salmon and trout were similar at 6 to 11 degress centigrade. Un-ionized ammonia is believed to be the most toxic component of thes fire retardants.

Fires in Mass Transit Vehicles

Author : Anonim
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Buses
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Fires in Mass Transit Vehicles by Anonim Pdf

Noteworthy progress has been made recently toward understanding and quantifying the smoke toxicity factors involved in fire hazard assessment. Such progress has led to increased attention to the significance of fire growth parameters for toxic hazard. Methodology has been proposed to use fire test data, including information on the toxic potency of smoke in engineering calculations for the assessment of overall fire hazard. Confidence in the methodology may evolve from comparison with full-scale fire tests as well as from human fire fatality experience. This book addresses fire modeling, fire testing, smoke toxicity testing, fire hazard assessment, and fire risk assessment.

Fires, Explosions, and Toxic Gas Dispersions

Author : Marc J. Assael,Konstantinos E. Kakosimos
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2010-02-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781439826768

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Fires, Explosions, and Toxic Gas Dispersions by Marc J. Assael,Konstantinos E. Kakosimos Pdf

Today's risk analysis is a very challenging field, and a solid understanding of the calculations procedure associated with it is essential for anyone involved. Fires, Explosions, and Toxic Gas Dispersions: Effects Calculation and Risk Analysis provides an overview of the methods used to assess the risk of fires, explosions, and toxic gas dispersion

Toxic Products from Burning of Fire-resistant Materials

Author : Allan F. Smith,J. M. Kuchta
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Conveying machinery
ISBN : UOM:39015077583428

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Toxic Products from Burning of Fire-resistant Materials by Allan F. Smith,J. M. Kuchta Pdf

Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials

Author : Arthur F. Grand,Charles A. Wilkie
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2000-04-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1420027093

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Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials by Arthur F. Grand,Charles A. Wilkie Pdf

This volume addresses the state of the art in fire retardancy studies and the need for fire retardant chemicals and fire-retarded polymers, while considering the interrelationship among polymer degradation, fire retardant efficacy, fire testing and environmental concerns. The work examines the principles of polymer science with respect to fire retardancy.

Emergency Response Guidebook

Author : U.S. Department of Transportation
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781626363762

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Emergency Response Guidebook by U.S. Department of Transportation Pdf

Does the identification number 60 indicate a toxic substance or a flammable solid, in the molten state at an elevated temperature? Does the identification number 1035 indicate ethane or butane? What is the difference between natural gas transmission pipelines and natural gas distribution pipelines? If you came upon an overturned truck on the highway that was leaking, would you be able to identify if it was hazardous and know what steps to take? Questions like these and more are answered in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Learn how to identify symbols for and vehicles carrying toxic, flammable, explosive, radioactive, or otherwise harmful substances and how to respond once an incident involving those substances has been identified. Always be prepared in situations that are unfamiliar and dangerous and know how to rectify them. Keeping this guide around at all times will ensure that, if you were to come upon a transportation situation involving hazardous substances or dangerous goods, you will be able to help keep others and yourself out of danger. With color-coded pages for quick and easy reference, this is the official manual used by first responders in the United States and Canada for transportation incidents involving dangerous goods or hazardous materials.

Guidelines for Evaluating Process Plant Buildings for External Explosions, Fires, and Toxic Releases

Author : CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety)
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2012-11-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118312988

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Guidelines for Evaluating Process Plant Buildings for External Explosions, Fires, and Toxic Releases by CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety) Pdf

Siting of permanent and temporary buildings in process areas requires careful consideration of potential effects of explosions and fires arising from accidental release of flammable materials. This book, which updates the 1996 edition, provides a single-source reference that explains the American Petroleum Institute (API) permanent (752) and temporary (753) building recommended practices and details how to implement them. New coverage on toxicity and updated standards are also highlighted. Practical and easy-to-use, this reliable guide is a must-have for implementing safe building practices.