Forensic Genetic Approaches For Identification Of Human Skeletal Remains

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Forensic Genetic Approaches for Identification of Human Skeletal Remains

Author : Angie Ambers
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 628 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2022-11-15
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780128163696

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Forensic Genetic Approaches for Identification of Human Skeletal Remains by Angie Ambers Pdf

Forensic Genetic Approaches for Identification of Human Skeletal Remains: Challenges, Best Practices, and Emerging Technologies provides best practices on processing bone samples for DNA testing. The book outlines forensic genetics tools that are available for the identification of skeletal remains in contemporary casework and historical/archaeological investigations. Although the book focuses primarily on the use of DNA for direct identification or kinship analyses, it also highlights complementary disciplines often used in concert with genetic data to make positive identifications, such as forensic anthropology, forensic odontology, and forensic art/sculpting. Unidentified human remains are often associated with tragic events, such as fires, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, war conflicts, genocide, airline crashes, homicide, and human rights violations under oppressive totalitarian regimes. In these situations, extensive damage to soft tissues often precludes the use of such biological samples in the identification process. In contrast, bone material is the most resilient, viable sample type for DNA testing. DNA recovered from bone often is degraded and in low quantities due to the effects of human decomposition, environmental exposure, and the passage of time. The complexities of bone microstructure and its rigid nature make skeletal remains one of the most challenging sample types for DNA testing. Provides best practices on processing bone samples for DNA testing Presents detailed coverage of proper facilities design for skeletal remains processing, selection of optimal skeletal elements for DNA recovery, specialized equipment needed, preparation and cleaning of bone samples for DNA extraction, and more Highlights complementary disciplines often used in concert with genetic data to make positive identifications, such as forensic anthropology, forensic odontology, and forensic art/sculpting

Biological Affinity in Forensic Identification of Human Skeletal Remains

Author : Gregory E. Berg,Sabrina C Ta'ala
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2014-12-13
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781439815755

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Biological Affinity in Forensic Identification of Human Skeletal Remains by Gregory E. Berg,Sabrina C Ta'ala Pdf

Ancestry determination in the identification of unknown remains can be a challenge for forensic scientists and anthropologists, especially when the remains available for testing are limited. There are various techniques for the assessment of ancestry, ranging from traditional to new microbiological and computer-assisted methods. Biological Affinity in Forensic Identification of Human Skeletal Remains: Beyond Black and White presents a range of tools that can be used to identify the probable socio-cultural "race" category of unknown human remains. Gathering insight from those who have made recent improvements and scientific advances in the field, the book begins with the historical foundations of the concept of biological affinity and the need for increased research into methods for determining ancestry of skeletal remains. The contributors cover a range of topics, including: Ancestry estimation from the skull using morphoscopic and morphometric traits and variables Innovative methods from metric analyses of the postcrania, and new approaches to dental non-metric variation The biological diversity of Hispanic populations and use of discriminant function analysis and 3D-ID software to determine ancestry Methods of age progression and facial reconstructions to create two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) facial composites for missing people The preparation of skeletal remains for DNA extraction and sampling, and mtDNA methods that are available for identification of haplogroups (e.g., ancestral populations) No single method or technique is adequate in the assessment of ancestry. For accurate determinations, the use of traditional and new techniques combined yields better results. This book demonstrates the large repertoire of tools available to those tasked with these challenging determinations.

New Perspectives in Forensic Human Skeletal Identification

Author : Krista E. Latham,Eric J. Bartelink,Michael Finnegan
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-27
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780128125380

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New Perspectives in Forensic Human Skeletal Identification by Krista E. Latham,Eric J. Bartelink,Michael Finnegan Pdf

New Perspectives in Forensic Human Skeletal Identification provides a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on human identification methods in forensic anthropology. Divided into four distinct sections, the chapters will reflect recent advances in human skeletal identification, including statistical and morphometric methods for assessing the biological profile (sex, age, ancestry, stature), biochemical methods of identification (DNA analysis, stable isotope analysis, bomb curve analysis), and use of comparative radiography. The final section of this book highlights advances in human identification techniques that are being applied to international populations and disaster victims. The contributing authors represent established experts in forensic anthropology and closely related fields. New Perspectives in Forensic Human Skeletal Identification will be an essential resource for researchers, practitioners, and advanced students interested in state-of-the-art methods for human identification. A comprehensive and up-to-date volume on human identification methods in forensic anthropology Focuses on recent advances such as statistical and morphometric methods for assessing the biological profile, biochemical methods of identification and use of comparative radiography Includes an entire section on human identification techniques being applied to international populations and disaster victims

Recovery, Analysis, and Identification of Commingled Human Remains

Author : Bradley J. Adams,John E. Byrd
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2008-02-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781597453165

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Recovery, Analysis, and Identification of Commingled Human Remains by Bradley J. Adams,John E. Byrd Pdf

Commingling of human remains presents an added challenge to all phases of the forensic process. This book brings together tools from diverse sources within forensic science to offer a set of comprehensive approaches to handling commingled remains. It details the recovery of commingled remains in the field, the use of triage in the assessment of commingling, various analytical techniques for sorting and determining the number of individuals, the role of DNA in the overall process, ethical considerations, and data management. In addition, the book includes case examples that illustrate techniques found to be successful and those that proved problematic.

Ortner's Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains

Author : Jane Buikstra
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 859 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2019-01-29
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780128099018

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Ortner's Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains by Jane Buikstra Pdf

Ortner's Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains, Third Edition, provides an integrated and comprehensive treatment of the pathological conditions that affect the human skeleton. As ancient skeletal remains can reveal a treasure trove of information to the modern orthopedist, pathologist, forensic anthropologist, and radiologist, this book presents a timely resource. Beautifully illustrated with over 1,100 photographs and drawings, it provides an essential text and material on bone pathology, thus helping improve the diagnostic ability of those interested in human dry bone pathology. Presents a comprehensive review of the skeletal diseases encountered in archaeological human remains Includes more than 1100 photographs and line drawings illustrating skeletal diseases, including both microscopic and gross features Based on extensive research on skeletal paleopathology in many countries Reviews important theoretical issues on how to interpret evidence of skeletal disease in archaeological human populations

Forensic DNA Typing: Principles, Applications and Advancements

Author : Pankaj Shrivastava,Hirak Ranjan Dash,Jose A. Lorente,Jahangir Imam
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 673 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811566554

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Forensic DNA Typing: Principles, Applications and Advancements by Pankaj Shrivastava,Hirak Ranjan Dash,Jose A. Lorente,Jahangir Imam Pdf

The book explores the fundamental principles, advances in forensic techniques, and its application on forensic DNA analysis. The book is divided into three modules; the first module provides the historical prospect of forensic DNA typing and introduces fundamentals of forensic DNA typing, methodology, and technical advancements, application of STRs, and DNA databases for forensic DNA profile analysis. Module 2 examines the problems and challenges encountered in extracting DNA and generating DNA profiles. It provides information on the methods and the best practices for DNA isolation from forensic biological samples and human remains like ancient DNA, DNA typing of skeletal remains and disaster victim identification, the importance of DNA typing in human trafficking, and various problems associated with capillary electrophoresis. Module 3 emphasizes various technologies that are based on SNPs, STRs namely Y-STR, X-STR, mitochondrial DNA profiling in forensic science. Module 4 explores the application of non-human forensic DNA typing of domestic animals, wildlife forensics, plant DNA fingerprinting, and microbial forensics. The last module discusses new areas and alternative methods in forensic DNA typing, including Next-Generation Sequencing, and its utility in forensic science, oral microbes, and forensic DNA phenotyping. Given its scope, the book is a useful resource in the field of DNA fingerprinting for scientists, forensic experts, and students at the postgraduate level.

Forensic Anthropology and Medicine

Author : Aurore Schmitt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2007-11-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781597450997

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Forensic Anthropology and Medicine by Aurore Schmitt Pdf

Recent political, religious, ethnic, and racial conflicts, as well as mass disasters, have significantly helped to bring to light the almost unknown dis- pline of forensic anthropology. This science has become particularly useful to forensic pathologists because it aids in solving various puzzles, such as id- tifying victims and documenting crimes. On topics such as mass disasters and crimes against humanity, teamwork between forensic pathologists and for- sic anthropologists has significantly increased over the few last years. This relationship has also improved the study of routine cases in local medicolegal institutes. When human remains are badly decomposed, partially skelet- ized, and/or burned, it is particularly useful for the forensic pathologist to be assisted by a forensic anthropologist. It is not a one-way situation: when the forensic anthropologist deals with skeletonized bodies that have some kind of soft tissue, the advice of a forensic pathologist would be welcome. Forensic anthropology is a subspecialty/field of physical anthropology. Most of the background on skeletal biology was gathered on the basis of sk- etal remains from past populations. Physical anthropologists then developed an indisputable “know-how”; nevertheless, one must keep in mind that looking for a missing person or checking an assumed identity is quite a different matter. Pieces of information needed by forensic anthropologists require a higher level of reliability and accuracy than those granted in a general archaeological c- text. To achieve a positive identification, findings have to match with e- dence, particularly when genetic identification is not possible.

Commingled Human Remains

Author : Bradley Adams,John Byrd
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 553 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2014-06-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780124059184

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Commingled Human Remains by Bradley Adams,John Byrd Pdf

Commingled human remains are encountered in situations ranging from prehistoric ossuaries to recent mass fatality incidents. Commingled Human Remains: Methods in Recovery, Analysis, and Identification brings together tools from diverse sources within the forensic science community to offer a set of comprehensive approaches to resolving issues associated with commingled remains. This edition focuses on forensic situations, although some examples from prehistoric contexts are also addressed. Commingling of bones and other body parts is a major obstacle to individual identification that must be addressed before other forensic determinations or research can proceed. Regardless of the cause for the commingling (transportation disaster, terrorist attack, natural disaster, genocide, etc.) it is critical that the proper experts are involved and that the proper techniques are employed to achieve the greatest success in making identifications. Resolution of commingling nearly always requires consideration of multiple lines of evidence that cross the disciplinary lines of modern forensic science. The use of archaeology, DNA, and forensic anthropology are several areas that are critical in this process and these are core topics presented in this book. Even a relatively “simple mass fatality event can become very complicated once body fragmentation and commingling occur. Expectations associated with all phases of the process from recovery of remains to their final identification and release to next of kin must be managed appropriately. A powerful resource for those working in the forensic sciences who need to plan for and/or address the complex challenges associated with commingled and fragmentary human remains Written by an international group of the foremost forensic scientists presenting their research and candid experiences of dealing with commingled human remains, offering recommendations and providing "lessons learned" which can be invaluable to others who find themselves facing similar challenges Contains chapters on remains recovery, laboratory analysis, case studies, and broader topics such as mass fatality management and ethical considerations

FORENSIC OSTEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Author : Scott I. Fairgrieve
Publisher : Charles C Thomas Publisher
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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FORENSIC OSTEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS by Scott I. Fairgrieve Pdf

This timely volume on case studies in forensic osteology with background information on how osteological analysis is applied to human/faunal remains found in legal contexts is primarily designed for students of forensic anthropology/osteology who have a background in human anatomy and/or osteology. It also will be of interest to those individuals lacking this background and who may very well want to read the book for its many case studies. Although many journals publish case reports, there are instances when a more detailed and full description of circumstances are warranted. Further, beginning students initially require a more thorough treatment of the thinking behind the application of analytical techniques; an important aspect that may not be covered in the professional literature. Based on the foregoing, the premise of this book is that each case has a unique quality and thus presents unique problems for the analyst to approach. It is important for the reader to understand the limits for forensic osteology by examining not only its successes but also its failures. This book presents this type of information. The chapters appear as follows: Forensic Osteological Analysis: An Introduction; Of Beasts and Humans: A Case of Recognition; Identification of Human Skeletal Remains: Was He a She or She a He?; Sex Determination: XX or XY from the Human Skeleton; Identification of a Missing Person Using Biomechanical and DNA Analysis: A Case Study; DISH Rats and a Rolex; Death on the Danforth; The Identification of the Remains of Don Francisco Pizarro; Clinkers on the Little Bighorn Battlefield: In Situ Investigation of Scattered Recent Cremains; The Wrong Urn: Commingling of Cremains in Mortuary Practices; Cremated Remains and Expert Testimony in a Homicide Case; An Anthropological Investigation of a Rural Homicide Scene; Forensic Osteology of Strangulation; Pathological Changes on Human Skeletal Remains: Before, During or After?; Unusual Skeletal Anomalies and Pathologies in Forensic Casework; Biker's Bones: An Avocational Syndrome; Identity Crisis: Two Case Studies -- Success and Failure in Personal Identification Determination; Mass Disasters: Comments and Discussion Regarding the Hinton Train Collision of 1986; The Role of Forensic Anthropology in Human Rights Issues; and Forensic Entomology: The Use of Insects in Death Investigations.

Forensic Anthropology

Author : Sue Black,Eilidh Ferguson
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2011-02-07
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781040082812

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Forensic Anthropology by Sue Black,Eilidh Ferguson Pdf

Advances in our ability to analyse information from skeletal remains and subsequent developments in the field of forensic anthropology make it possible to identify more victims of homicides, mass-fatality disasters, and genocide. Summarizing the vast collection of international literature that has developed over the past decade, this volume explores critical themes fundamental to this evolving discipline. Topics discussed include age determination in juveniles and adults; sex, race, and ancestry determination; stature determination; dental and facial identification; skeletal trauma and bone pathology; taphonomy and comparative osteology; and identification from soft tissues.

Sex Estimation of the Human Skeleton

Author : Alexandra R. Klales
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2020-05-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780128157688

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Sex Estimation of the Human Skeleton by Alexandra R. Klales Pdf

Sex Estimation of the Human Skeleton is a comprehensive work on the theory, methods, and current issues for sexing human skeletal remains. This work provides practitioners a starting point for research and practice on sex estimation to assist with the identification and analysis of human remains. It contains a collection of the latest scientific research, using metric and morphological methods, and contains case studies, where relevant, to highlight methodological application to real cases. This volume presents a truly comprehensive representation of the current state of sex estimation while also detailing the history and how we got to this point. Divided into three main sections, this reference text first provides an introduction to the book and to sex estimation overall, including a history, practitioner preferences, and a deeper understanding of biological sex. The second section addresses the main methodological areas used to estimate sex, including metric and morphological methods, statistical applications, and software. Each chapter topic provides a review of older techniques and emphasizes the latest research and methodological improvements. Chapters are written by practicing physical anthropologists and also include their latest research on the topics, as well as relevant case studies. The third section addresses current considerations and future directions for sex estimation in forensic and bioarchaeological contexts, including DNA, secular change, and medical imaging Sex Estimation of the Human Skeleton is a one-of-a-kind resource for those involved in estimating the sex of human skeletal remains. Provides the first comprehensive text reference on sex estimation, with historical perspectives and current best practices Contains real case studies to underscore key estimation concepts Demonstrates the changing role of technology in sex estimation

Flesh and Bone

Author : Myriam Nafte
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Law
ISBN : UOM:39015050774952

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Flesh and Bone by Myriam Nafte Pdf

Flesh and Bone: An Introduction to Forensic Anthropology offers the reader a solid background in forensic anthropology by out- lining some of the methods and procedures that best define the discipline. It introduces readers to the rapidly growing area known as forensic science, providing a comprehensive look at many of the participants in the field. Nafte avoids technical terminology whenever possible and includes photographs, charts, and illustrations to complement the text. The book evolves sequentially, beginning with a discussion of all things forensic and then continuing to detail the broad field of anthropology, the process of death, decomposition, and skeletonization. Methods of identifying the human skeleton, DNA analysis, and the reconstruction of identity are highlighted. The final chapter deals with the modern application of forensic anthropology to human rights missions. "I found this book to be a pleasure to read, and I thoroughly recommend it as an excellent text that may be used in introductory courses on the subject, or simply as an interesting volume for use by anyone who might have a personal interest in learning more about this fascinating area of study." Roxana Ferllini, University College London, Reviews "It is unique among most available books on this subject, placing forensic anthropology within the broader context of forensic science. In addition to methods of skeletal analysis, the author includes sections on topics such as science and the legal system, the expert witness, chain of custody, the autopsy, and human rights and forensic science....the book should be appropriate for undergraduate and graduate students who are considering careers in forensic science, as well as for forensic scientists who do not have training in forensic anthropology, and as a handy reference for people involved in law enforcement and crime investigation." -- CHOICE Magazine

Research Methods in Human Skeletal Biology

Author : Elizabeth A. DiGangi,Megan K. Moore
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 573 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2012-11-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780123851901

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Research Methods in Human Skeletal Biology by Elizabeth A. DiGangi,Megan K. Moore Pdf

Research Methods in Human Skeletal Biology serves as the one location readers can go to not only learn how to conduct research in general, but how research is specifically conducted within human skeletal biology. It outlines the current types of research being conducted within each sub-specialty of skeletal biology, and gives the reader the tools to set up a research project in skeletal biology. It also suggests several ideas for potential projects. Each chapter has an inclusive bibliography, which can serve as a good jumpstart for project references. Provides a step-by-step guide to conducting research in human skeletal biology Covers diverse topics (sexing, aging, stature and ancestry estimation) and new technologies (histology, medical imaging, and geometric morphometrics) Excellent accompaniment to existing forensic anthropology or osteology works

Forensic Science and Humanitarian Action

Author : Roberto C. Parra,Sara C. Zapico,Douglas H. Ubelaker
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 896 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020-01-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119481942

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Forensic Science and Humanitarian Action by Roberto C. Parra,Sara C. Zapico,Douglas H. Ubelaker Pdf

Widens traditional concepts of forensic science to include humanitarian, social, and cultural aspects Using the preservation of the dignity of the deceased as its foundation, Forensic Science and Humanitarian Action: Interacting with the Dead and the Living is a unique examination of the applications of humanitarian forensic science. Spanning two comprehensive volumes, the text is sufficiently detailed for forensic practitioners, yet accessible enough for non-specialists, and discusses both the latest technologies and real-world interactions. Arranged into five sections, this book addresses the ‘management of the dead’ across five major areas in humanitarian forensic science. Volume One presents the first three of these areas: History, Theory, Practice, and Legal Foundation; Basic Forensic Information to Trace Missing Persons; and Stable Isotopes Forensics. Topics covered include: Protection of The Missing and the Dead Under International Law Social, Cultural and Religious Factors in Humanitarian Forensic Science Posthumous Dignity and the Importance in Returning Remains of the Deceased The New Disappeared – Migration and Forensic Science Stable Isotope Analysis in Forensic Anthropology Volume Two covers two further areas of interest: DNA Analysis and the Forensic Identification Process. It concludes with a comprehensive set of case studies focused on identifying the deceased, and finding missing persons from around the globe, including: Forensic Human Identification from an Australian Perspective Skeletal Remains and Identification Processing at the FBI Migrant Deaths along the Texas/Mexico Border Humanitarian Work in Cyprus by The Committee on Missing Persons (CMP) Volcán De Fuego Eruption – Natural Disaster Response from Guatemala Drawing upon a wide range of contributions from respected academics working in the field, Forensic Science and Humanitarian Action is a unique reference for forensic practitioners, communities of humanitarian workers, human rights defenders, and government and non-governmental officials.

Forensic Science and Humanitarian Action

Author : Roberto C. Parra,Sara C. Zapico,Douglas H. Ubelaker
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1486 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119482024

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Forensic Science and Humanitarian Action by Roberto C. Parra,Sara C. Zapico,Douglas H. Ubelaker Pdf

Widens traditional concepts of forensic science to include humanitarian, social, and cultural aspects Using the preservation of the dignity of the deceased as its foundation, Forensic Science and Humanitarian Action: Interacting with the Dead and the Living is a unique examination of the applications of humanitarian forensic science. Spanning two comprehensive volumes, the text is sufficiently detailed for forensic practitioners, yet accessible enough for non-specialists, and discusses both the latest technologies and real-world interactions. Arranged into five sections, this book addresses the ‘management of the dead’ across five major areas in humanitarian forensic science. Volume One presents the first three of these areas: History, Theory, Practice, and Legal Foundation; Basic Forensic Information to Trace Missing Persons; and Stable Isotopes Forensics. Topics covered include: Protection of The Missing and the Dead Under International Law Social, Cultural and Religious Factors in Humanitarian Forensic Science Posthumous Dignity and the Importance in Returning Remains of the Deceased The New Disappeared – Migration and Forensic Science Stable Isotope Analysis in Forensic Anthropology Volume Two covers two further areas of interest: DNA Analysis and the Forensic Identification Process. It concludes with a comprehensive set of case studies focused on identifying the deceased, and finding missing persons from around the globe, including: Forensic Human Identification from an Australian Perspective Skeletal Remains and Identification Processing at the FBI Migrant Deaths along the Texas/Mexico Border Humanitarian Work in Cyprus by The Committee on Missing Persons (CMP) Volcán De Fuego Eruption – Natural Disaster Response from Guatemala Drawing upon a wide range of contributions from respected academics working in the field, Forensic Science and Humanitarian Action is a unique reference for forensic practitioners, communities of humanitarian workers, human rights defenders, and government and non-governmental officials.