Fossils Phylogeny And Form

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Fossils, Phylogeny, and Form

Jonathan M. Adrain,Gregory D. Edgecombe,Bruce S. Lieberman
Fossils Phylogeny and Form Book PDF

Author : Jonathan M. Adrain,Gregory D. Edgecombe,Bruce S. Lieberman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461505716

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Fossils, Phylogeny, and Form by Jonathan M. Adrain,Gregory D. Edgecombe,Bruce S. Lieberman Pdf

Phylogenetic analysis and morphometrics have been developed by biologists into rigorous analytic tools for testing hypotheses about the relationships between groups of species. This book applies these tools to paleontological data. The fossil record is our one true chronicle of the history of life, preserving a set of macroevolutionary patterns; thus various hypotheses about evolutionary processes can be tested in the fossil record using phylogentic analysis and morphometrics. The first book of its type, Fossils, Phylogeny, and Form will be useful in evolutionary biology, paleontology, systematics, evolutionary development, theoretical biology, biogeography, and zoology. It will also provide a practical, researcher-friendly gateway into computer-based phylogenetics and morphometrics.

Patterns of evolution, as illustrated by the fossil record

Anonim
Patterns of evolution as illustrated by the fossil record Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 590 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1977-01-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080868460

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Patterns of evolution, as illustrated by the fossil record by Anonim Pdf

Patterns of evolution, as illustrated by the fossil record

Systematics and the Fossil Record

Andrew B. Smith
Systematics and the Fossil Record Book PDF

Author : Andrew B. Smith
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2009-07-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781444313901

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Systematics and the Fossil Record by Andrew B. Smith Pdf

This new text sets out to establish the key role played by systematics in deciphering patterns of evolution from the fossil record. It begins by considering the nature of the species in the fossil record and then outlines recent advances in the methodology used to establish phylogenetics relationships, stressing why fossil evidence can be crucial. The way species are grouped into higher taxa, and how this affects their utility in evolutionary studies is also discussed. Because the fossil record abounds with sampling and preservational biases, the book emphasizes that observed patterns can rarely be taken at face value. It is argued that evolutionary trees, constructed from combining phylogenetic and biostratigraphic data, provide the best approach for investigating patterns of evolution through geologic time. The only integrated text covering the study of evolutionary patterns from a phylogenetic stance.

Carnivoran Evolution

Anjali Goswami,Anthony Friscia
Carnivoran Evolution Book PDF

Author : Anjali Goswami,Anthony Friscia
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2010-07-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139488532

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Carnivoran Evolution by Anjali Goswami,Anthony Friscia Pdf

Members of the mammalian clade Carnivora have invaded nearly every continent and ocean, evolving into bamboo-eating pandas, clam-eating walruses and of course, flesh-eating sabre-toothed cats. With this ecological, morphological and taxonomic diversity and a fossil record spanning over sixty million years, Carnivora has proven to be a model clade for addressing questions of broad evolutionary significance. This volume brings together top international scientists with contributions that focus on current advances in our understanding of carnivoran relationships, ecomorphology and macroevolutionary patterns. Topics range from the palaeoecology of the earliest fossil carnivorans to the influences of competition and constraint on diversity and biogeographic distributions. Several studies address ecomorphological convergences among carnivorans and other mammals with morphometric and Finite Element analyses, while others consider how new molecular and palaeontological data have changed our understanding of carnivoran phylogeny. Combined, these studies also illustrate the diverse suite of approaches and questions in evolutionary biology and palaeontology.

Evolutionary Patterns

Alan H. Cheetham
Evolutionary Patterns Book PDF

Author : Alan H. Cheetham
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2001-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226389318

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Evolutionary Patterns by Alan H. Cheetham Pdf

With all the recent advances in molecular and evolutionary biology, one could almost wonder why we need the fossil record. Molecular sequence data can resolve taxonomic relationships, experiments with fruit flies demonstrate evolution and development in real time, and field studies of Galapagos finches have provided the strongest evidence for natural selection ever measured in the wild. What, then, can fossils teach us that living organisms cannot? Evolutionary Patterns demonstrates the rich variety of clues to evolution that can be gleaned from the fossil record. Chief among these are the major trends and anomalies in species development revealed only by "deep time," such as periodic mass extinctions and species that remain unchanged in form for millions of years. Contributors explore modes of development, the tempo of speciation and extinction, and macroevolutionary patterns and trends. The result is an important contribution to paleobiology and evolutionary biology, and a spirited defense of the fossil record as a crucial tool for understanding evolution and development. The contributors are Ann F. Budd, Efstathia Bura, Leo W. Buss, Mike Foote, Jörn Geister, Stephen Jay Gould, Eckart Hâkansson, Jean-Georges Harmelin, Lee-Ann C. Hayek, Jeremy B. C. Jackson, Kenneth G. Johnson, Nancy Knowlton, Scott Lidgard, Frank K. McKinney, Daniel W. McShea, Ross H. Nehm, Beth Okamura, John M. Pandolfi, Paul D. Taylor, and Erik Thomsen.

Function, Phylogeny, and Fossils

David R. Begun,Carol V. Ward,Michael D. Rose
Function Phylogeny and Fossils Book PDF

Author : David R. Begun,Carol V. Ward,Michael D. Rose
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781489900753

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Function, Phylogeny, and Fossils by David R. Begun,Carol V. Ward,Michael D. Rose Pdf

An insightful new work, Function, Phylogeny, and Fossils integrates two practices in paleobiology which are often separated - functional and phylogenetic analysis. The book summarizes the evidence on paleoenvironments at the most important Miocene hominoid sites and relates it to the pertinent fossil record. The contributors present the most up-to-date statements on the functional anatomy and likely behavior of the best known hominoids of this crucial period of ape and human evolution. A key feature is a comprehensive table listing 240 characteristics among 13 genera of living and extinct hominoids.

Evolution of Life

Syozo Osawa,Tasuku Honjo
Evolution of Life Book PDF

Author : Syozo Osawa,Tasuku Honjo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 455 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9784431683025

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Evolution of Life by Syozo Osawa,Tasuku Honjo Pdf

Nearly thirty million species of organisms are believed to now live on Earth. In addition to accumulating evidence from classical biology, paleontology and earth science, the recent progress of molecular biology has provided new insights into understanding how present-day organisms have evolved with such tremendous diversity. Molecular biological studies show us that all living forms, including E. coli and human beings, derive from a single ancestor that emerged some 4 billion years ago on Earth. This volume aims to discuss the motifs of organismic evolution from the viewpoints of biogeo-interactions and diversification of the genetic systems. Based on these fundamental understandings, the last section of this volume is devoted to human evolution that includes phylogeny of man as well as evolution of human culture. Such comprehensive discussion will give us a synthesized view of the evolution of life, that is undoubtedly one of the most important problems not only for science but also for human culture in general.

Phylogenetic Comparative Methods

Laura C. Soul,David F. Wright
Phylogenetic Comparative Methods Book PDF

Author : Laura C. Soul,David F. Wright
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 75 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2021-04-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 1108794688

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Phylogenetic Comparative Methods by Laura C. Soul,David F. Wright Pdf

Recent advances in statistical approaches called Phylogenetic Comparative Methods (PCMs) have provided paleontologists with a powerful set of analytical tools for investigating evolutionary tempo and mode in fossil lineages. However, attempts to integrate PCMs with fossil data often present workers with practical challenges or unfamiliar literature. This Element presents guides to the theory behind, and the application of, PCMs with fossil taxa. Based on an empirical dataset of Paleozoic crinoids, it presents example analyses to illustrate common applications of PCMs to fossil data, including investigating patterns of correlated trait evolution and macroevolutionary models of morphological change. It then emphasizes the importance of accounting for sources of uncertainty and discusses how to evaluate model fit and adequacy. Finally, this Element discusses several promising methods for modelling heterogeneous evolutionary dynamics with fossil phylogenies. Integrating phylogeny-based approaches with the fossil record provides a rigorous, quantitative perspective to understanding key patterns in the history of life.

Morphology, Shape and Phylogeny

Norman MacLeod,Peter L. Forey
Morphology Shape and Phylogeny Book PDF

Author : Norman MacLeod,Peter L. Forey
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2002-02-07
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780203165171

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Morphology, Shape and Phylogeny by Norman MacLeod,Peter L. Forey Pdf

Generally, biologists and mathematicians who study the shape and form of organisms have largely been working in isolation from those who work on evolutionary relationships through the analysis of common characteristics. Increasingly however, dialogue between the two communities is beginning to develop - but other than a handful of journal papers, t

The Evolution of Phylogenetic Systematics

Andrew Hamilton
The Evolution of Phylogenetic Systematics Book PDF

Author : Andrew Hamilton
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780520276581

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The Evolution of Phylogenetic Systematics by Andrew Hamilton Pdf

The Evolution of Phylogenetic Systematics aims to make sense of the rise of phylogenetic systematicsÑits methods, its objects of study, and its theoretical foundationsÑwith contributions from historians, philosophers, and biologists. This volume articulates an intellectual agenda for the study of systematics and taxonomy in a way that connects classification with larger historical themes in the biological sciences, including morphology, experimental and observational approaches, evolution, biogeography, debates over form and function, character transformation, development, and biodiversity. It aims to provide frameworks for answering the question: how did systematics become phylogenetic?

Vertebrate Palaeontology, Second Edition

Michael J. Benton
Vertebrate Palaeontology Second Edition Book PDF

Author : Michael J. Benton
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2000-04-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 0632056142

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Vertebrate Palaeontology, Second Edition by Michael J. Benton Pdf

The story of the evolution of vertebrates is fascinating. Recently, there has been an explosion of new research topics in the field - the closest fossil relatives of the vertebrates, dramatic new fish specimens unlike anything now living, the adaptations required for the move on to land, the relationships of the early amphibians and reptiles, the origins and biology of the dinosaurs, the role of mass extinction in vertebrate evolution, new Mesozoic birds, the earliest mammals, ecology and mammalian diversification, and the origins and evolution of human beings. This book presents a complete outline of the history of vertebrates, based on the latest studies by palaeontologists around the world. New material comes from North and South America, Australia, Europe, China, Africa and Russia. A key aim of the book is to show how vertebrate palaeontologists obtain their information. There is an illustrated account of how to dig up a dinosaur and how to interpret the bones. In addition, detailed case studies explain: how palaeontologists study taphonomy, exceptional preservation, the form and function of bizarre animals, and the reconstruction of phylogeny from cladistic analyses of morphological and molecular data. The new edition is extensively revised, and there is a great deal of new material based on work in the 1990s. There is a new chapter on how to study fossil vertebrates. Another major change is that more emphasis has been given to cladograms. They are set apart from the body of the text, and full lists of diagnostic characters are now given. The book is designed for palaeontology courses in biology and geology departments. It is also aimed at the enthusiast who wants to experience how leading palaeontologists design their research programs and carry out multidisciplinary studies of ancient vertebrates. The book has a strong phylogenetic focus, and this makes it an up-to-date source of the latest broad-scale systematic data on vertebrate evolution. The second edition of a very popular and proven text. Detailed case studies are presented, which show how palaeontologists actually work. Includes an illustrated account of how to dig up a dinosaur, and how to interpret the bones.

Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record

Michael J. Benton,David A. T. Harper
Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record Book PDF

Author : Michael J. Benton,David A. T. Harper
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 661 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119272854

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Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record by Michael J. Benton,David A. T. Harper Pdf

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the science of the history of life. Paleobiologists bring many analytical tools to bear in interpreting the fossil record and the book introduces the latest techniques, from multivariate investigations of biogeography and biostratigraphy to engineering analysis of dinosaur skulls, and from homeobox genes to cladistics. All the well-known fossil groups are included, including microfossils and invertebrates, but an important feature is the thorough coverage of plants, vertebrates and trace fossils together with discussion of the origins of both life and the metazoans. All key related subjects are introduced, such as systematics, ecology, evolution and development, stratigraphy and their roles in understanding where life came from and how it evolved and diversified. Unique features of the book are the numerous case studies from current research that lead students to the primary literature, analytical and mathematical explanations and tools, together with associated problem sets and practical schedules for instructors and students. New to this edition The text and figures have been updated throughout to reflect current opinion on all aspects New case studies illustrate the chapters, drawn from a broad distribution internationally Chapters on Macroevolution, Form and Function, Mass extinctions, Origin of Life, and Origin of Metazoans have been entirely rewritten to reflect substantial advances in these topics There is a new focus on careers in paleobiology

Phylogenetics

E. O. Wiley,Bruce S. Lieberman
Phylogenetics Book PDF

Author : E. O. Wiley,Bruce S. Lieberman
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2011-10-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118017876

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Phylogenetics by E. O. Wiley,Bruce S. Lieberman Pdf

The long-awaited revision of the industry standard on phylogenetics Since the publication of the first edition of this landmark volume more than twenty-five years ago, phylogenetic systematics has taken its place as the dominant paradigm of systematic biology. It has profoundly influenced the way scientists study evolution, and has seen many theoretical and technical advances as the field has continued to grow. It goes almost without saying that the next twenty-five years of phylogenetic research will prove as fascinating as the first, with many exciting developments yet to come. This new edition of Phylogenetics captures the very essence of this rapidly evolving discipline. Written for the practicing systematist and phylogeneticist, it addresses both the philosophical and technical issues of the field, as well as surveys general practices in taxonomy. Major sections of the book deal with the nature of species and higher taxa, homology and characters, trees and tree graphs, and biogeography—the purpose being to develop biologically relevant species, character, tree, and biogeographic concepts that can be applied fruitfully to phylogenetics. The book then turns its focus to phylogenetic trees, including an in-depth guide to tree-building algorithms. Additional coverage includes: Parsimony and parsimony analysis Parametric phylogenetics including maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches Phylogenetic classification Critiques of evolutionary taxonomy, phenetics, and transformed cladistics Specimen selection, field collecting, and curating Systematic publication and the rules of nomenclature Providing a thorough synthesis of the field, this important update to Phylogenetics is essential for students and researchers in the areas of evolutionary biology, molecular evolution, genetics and evolutionary genetics, paleontology, physical anthropology, and zoology.

Phylogeny of the Pelecypoda

Robert Tracy Jackson
Phylogeny of the Pelecypoda Book PDF

Author : Robert Tracy Jackson
Publisher : Forgotten Books
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2018-02-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 0656059451

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Phylogeny of the Pelecypoda by Robert Tracy Jackson Pdf

Excerpt from Phylogeny of the Pelecypoda: The Aviculidae and Their Allies The results of my investigations give abundant proofs that a study Of the soft parts and especially studies of life habits and environing influences will throw light on the meaning of the form of hard parts. They all lead toward the conclusion that external hard parts are built conforming to the needs of the animal and are modified by circum stances of environment. Many facts discussed in this paper are directly opposed to the assumption that hard parts are of prescribed form, to which the animal adapts itself, as I have found most active response in the form of hard parts to changed or changing con ditions of the anatomy or habits of the animal. The changes in form thus introduced might well be called cases of mechanical genesis, adopting Professor Ryder's apt phrase used of the development of toothed forms in Vertebrates.l When the meaning of feat ures of shell form in living animals is ascertained, it is recognized that they make im portant factors in the consideration of fossils and the serial connection of groups. To unite living and fossil forms of a group of Pelecypoda in a common study is the. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Fossil Horses of South America

José Luis Prado,María Teresa Alberdi
Fossil Horses of South America Book PDF

Author : José Luis Prado,María Teresa Alberdi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2017-04-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319558776

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Fossil Horses of South America by José Luis Prado,María Teresa Alberdi Pdf

This book provides an update on the phylogeny, systematics and ecology of horses in South America based on data provided over the past three decades. The contemporary South American mammalian communities were shaped by the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama and by the profound climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene. Horses were a conspicuous group of immigrant mammals from North America that arrived in South America during the Pleistocene. This group is represented by 2 genera, Hippidion and Equus, which include small species (Hippidion devillei, H. saldiasi, E. andium and E. insulatus) and large forms (Equus neogeus and H. principale). Both groups arrived in South America via 2 different routes. One model designed to explain this migration indicates that the small forms used the Andes corridor, while larger horses used the eastern route and arrived through some coastal areas. Molecular dating (ancient DNA) suggests that the South American horses separated from the North American taxa (caballines and the New World stilt-legged horse) after 3.6 - 3.2 Ma, consistent with the final formation of the Panamanian Isthmus. Recent studies of stable isotopes in these horses indicate an extensive range of 13C values cover closed woodlands to C4 grasslands. This plasticity agrees with the hypothesis that generalist species and open biome specialist species from North America indicate a positive migration through South America.