Foundational Issues In Artificial Intelligence And Cognitive Science

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Foundational Issues in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science

M.H. Bickhard,L. Terveen
Foundational Issues in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science Book PDF

Author : M.H. Bickhard,L. Terveen
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1996-10-15
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780444825209

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Foundational Issues in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science by M.H. Bickhard,L. Terveen Pdf

The book focuses on a conceptual flaw in contemporary artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Many people have discovered diverse manifestations and facets of this flaw, but the central conceptual impasse is at best only partially perceived. Its consequences, nevertheless, visit themselves as distortions and failures of multiple research projects - and make impossible the ultimate aspirations of the fields. The impasse concerns a presupposition concerning the nature of representation - that all representation has the nature of encodings: encodingism. Encodings certainly exist, but encodingism is at root logically incoherent; any programmatic research predicted on it is doomed too distortion and ultimate failure. The impasse and its consequences - and steps away from that impasse - are explored in a large number of projects and approaches. These include SOAR, CYC, PDP, situated cognition, subsumption architecture robotics, and the frame problems - a general survey of the current research in AI and Cognitive Science emerges. Interactivism, an alternative model of representation, is proposed and examined.

Foundational Issues in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science

M.H. Bickhard,L. Terveen
Foundational Issues in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science Book PDF

Author : M.H. Bickhard,L. Terveen
Publisher : North Holland
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1995-03-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0444552065

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Foundational Issues in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science by M.H. Bickhard,L. Terveen Pdf

The book focuses on a conceptual flaw in contemporary artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Many people have discovered diverse manifestations and facets of this flaw, but the central conceptual impasse is at best only partially perceived. Its consequences, nevertheless, visit themselves asdistortions and failures of multiple research projects - and make impossible the ultimate aspirations of the fields. The impasse concerns a presupposition concerning the nature of representation - that all representation has the nature of encodings: encodingism. Encodings certainly exist, butencodingism is at root logically incoherent; any programmatic research predicted on it is doomed too distortion and ultimate failure. The impasse and its consequences - and steps away from that impasse - are explored in a large number of projects and approaches. These include SOAR, CYC, PDP, situated cognition, subsumption architecture robotics, and the frame problems - a general survey of the current research in AI and Cognitive Science emerges. Interactivism, an alternative model of representation, is proposed and examined.

Fundamental Issues of Artificial Intelligence

Vincent C. Müller
Fundamental Issues of Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Vincent C. Müller
Publisher : Springer
Page : 572 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2016-06-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319264851

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Fundamental Issues of Artificial Intelligence by Vincent C. Müller Pdf

This volume offers a look at the fundamental issues of present and future AI, especially from cognitive science, computer science, neuroscience and philosophy. This work examines the conditions for artificial intelligence, how these relate to the conditions for intelligence in humans and other natural agents, as well as ethical and societal problems that artificial intelligence raises or will raise. The key issues this volume investigates include the relation of AI and cognitive science, ethics of AI and robotics, brain emulation and simulation, hybrid systems and cyborgs, intelligence and intelligence testing, interactive systems, multi-agent systems, and super intelligence. Based on the 2nd conference on “Theory and Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence” held in Oxford, the volume includes prominent researchers within the field from around the world.

Artificial Intelligence and Creativity

T. Dartnall
Artificial Intelligence and Creativity Book PDF

Author : T. Dartnall
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9789401707930

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Artificial Intelligence and Creativity by T. Dartnall Pdf

Creativity is one of the least understood aspects of intelligence and is often seen as `intuitive' and not susceptible to rational enquiry. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in the area, principally in artificial intelligence and cognitive science, but also in psychology, philosophy, computer science, logic, mathematics, sociology, and architecture and design. This volume brings this work together and provides an overview of this rapidly developing field. It addresses a range of issues. Can computers be creative? Can they help us to understand human creativity? How can artificial intelligence (AI) enhance human creativity? How, in particular, can it contribute to the `sciences of the artificial', such as design? Does the new wave of AI (connectionism, geneticism and artificial life) offer more promise in these areas than classical, symbol-handling AI? What would the implications be for AI and cognitive science if computers could not be creative? These issues are explored in five interrelated parts, each of which is introducted and explained by a leading figure in the field. - Prologue (Margaret Boden) - Part I: Foundational Issues (Terry Dartnall) - Part II: Creativity and Cognition (Graeme S. Halford and Robert Levinson) - Part III: Creativity and Connectionism (Chris Thornton) - Part IV: Creativity and Design (John Gero) - Part V: Human Creativity Enhancement (Ernest Edmonds) - Epilogue (Douglas Hofstadter) For researchers in AI, cognitive science, computer science, philosophy, psychology, mathematics, logic, sociology, and architecture and design; and anyone interested in the rapidly growing field of artificial intelligence and creativity.

Foundations of Artificial Intelligence

David Kirsh
Foundations of Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : David Kirsh
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0262610752

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Foundations of Artificial Intelligence by David Kirsh Pdf

In the 11 contributions, theorists historically associated with each position identify the basic tenets of their position.Have the classical methods and ideas of AI outlived their usefulness? Foundations of Artificial Intelligence critically evaluates the fundamental assumptions underpinning the dominant approaches to AI. In the 11 contributions, theorists historically associated with each position identify the basic tenets of their position. They discuss the underlying principles, describe the natural types of problems and tasks in which their approach succeeds, explain where its power comes from, and what its scope and limits are. Theorists generally skeptical of these positions evaluate the effectiveness of the method or approach and explain why it works - to the extent they believe it does - and why it eventually fails.ContentsFoundations of AI: The Big Issues, D. Kirsh - Logic and Artificial Intelligence, N. J. Nilsson - Rigor Mortis: A Response to Nilsson's 'Logic and Artificial Intelligence, ' L. Birnbaum - Open Information Systems Semantics for Distributed Artificial Intelligence, C. Hewitt - Social Conceptions of Knowledge and Action: DAI Foundations and Open Systems Semantics, L. Gasser - Intelligence without Representation, R. A. Brooks - Today the Earwig, Tomorrow Man? D. Kirsh - On the Thresholds of Knowledge, D. B. Lenat, E. A. Feigenbaum - The Owl and the Electric Encyclopedia, B. C. Smith - A Preliminary Analysis of the Soar Architecture as a Basis for General Intelligence, P. S. Rosenbloom, J. E. Laird, A. Newell, R. McCarl - Approaches to the Study of Intelligence, D. A. Norman

The Sciences of Cognition

Morton Wagman
The Sciences of Cognition Book PDF

Author : Morton Wagman
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1995-03-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : UOM:39015033958235

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The Sciences of Cognition by Morton Wagman Pdf

Wagman presents a general, unified theory of artificial and human intelligence under which the nature of human reasoning, problem solving, analogical thinking, and scientific discovery is examined from theoretical, research and computational perspectives. The work analyzes foundational issues regarding the nature of intelligent systems and intelligence, and significant and current research in the area is discussed. This book will be of interest to scholars dealing with psychology, artificial intelligence and cognitive science.

Ethical Artificial Intelligence from Popular to Cognitive Science

Jordan Richard Schoenherr
Ethical Artificial Intelligence from Popular to Cognitive Science Book PDF

Author : Jordan Richard Schoenherr
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2022-06-24
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781000599084

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Ethical Artificial Intelligence from Popular to Cognitive Science by Jordan Richard Schoenherr Pdf

This book offers a unique interdisciplinary perspective on the ethics of 'artificial intelligence' – autonomous, intelligent, (and connected) systems, or AISs, applying principles of social cognition to understand the social and ethical issues associated with the creation, adoption, and implementation of AISs. As humans become entangled in sociotechnical systems defined by human and artificial agents, there is a pressing need to understand how trust is created, used, and abused. Compounding the difficulty in answering these questions, stakeholders directly or indirectly affected by these systems differ in their motivations, understanding, and values. This volume provides a comprehensive resource to help stakeholders understand ethical issues of designing and implementing AISs using an ethical sensemaking approach. Starting with the general technical affordances of AIS, Dr. Jordan Richard Schoenherr considers the features of system design relating data integrity, selection and interpretation of algorithms, and the evolution processes that drive AISs innovation as a sociotechnological system. The poles of technophobia (algorithmic aversion) and technophilia (algorithmic preference) in the public perception of AISs are then described and considered against existing evidence, including issues ranging from the displacement and re-education needs of the human workforce, the impact of use of technology on interpersonal accord, and surveillance and cybersecurity. Ethical frameworks that provide tools for evaluating the values and outcomes of AISs are then reviewed, and how they can be aligned with ethical sensemaking processes identified by psychological science is explored. Finally, these disparate threads are brought together in a design framework. Also including sections on policies and guideline, gaming and social media, and Eastern philosophical frameworks, this is fascinating reading for students and academics in psychology, computer science, philosophy, and related areas, as well as professionals such as policy makers and those working with AI systems.

Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society

Morton Ann Gernsbacher,Sharon J. Derry
Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society Book PDF

Author : Morton Ann Gernsbacher,Sharon J. Derry
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 1304 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317708445

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Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society by Morton Ann Gernsbacher,Sharon J. Derry Pdf

This volume features the complete text of the material presented at the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. As in previous years, the symposium included an interesting mixture of papers on many topics from researchers with diverse backgrounds and different goals, presenting a multifaceted view of cognitive science. This volume contains papers, posters, and summaries of symposia presented at the leading conference that brings cognitive scientists together to discuss issues of theoretical and applied concern. Submitted presentations are represented in these proceedings as "long papers" (those presented as spoken presentations and "full posters" at the conference) and "short papers" (those presented as "abstract posters" by members of the Cognitive Science Society).

The Foundations of Artificial Intelligence

Derek Partridge,Yorick Wilks
The Foundations of Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Derek Partridge,Yorick Wilks
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 516 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1990-04-26
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0521359449

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The Foundations of Artificial Intelligence by Derek Partridge,Yorick Wilks Pdf

This outstanding collection is designed to address the fundamental issues and principles underlying the task of Artificial Intelligence.

Physical Computation and Cognitive Science

Nir Fresco
Physical Computation and Cognitive Science Book PDF

Author : Nir Fresco
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2013-10-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642413759

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Physical Computation and Cognitive Science by Nir Fresco Pdf

This book presents a study of digital computation in contemporary cognitive science. Digital computation is a highly ambiguous concept, as there is no common core definition for it in cognitive science. Since this concept plays a central role in cognitive theory, an adequate cognitive explanation requires an explicit account of digital computation. More specifically, it requires an account of how digital computation is implemented in physical systems. The main challenge is to deliver an account encompassing the multiple types of existing models of computation without ending up in pancomputationalism, that is, the view that every physical system is a digital computing system. This book shows that only two accounts, among the ones examined by the author, are adequate for explaining physical computation. One of them is the instructional information processing account, which is developed here for the first time. "This book provides a thorough and timely analysis of differing accounts of computation while advancing the important role that information plays in understanding computation. Fresco’s two-pronged approach will appeal to philosophically inclined computer scientists who want to better understand common theoretical claims in cognitive science.” Marty J. Wolf, Professor of Computer Science, Bemidji State University “An original and admirably clear discussion of central issues in the foundations of contemporary cognitive science.” Frances Egan, Professor of Philosophy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Handbook of Cognitive Science

Paco Calvo,Toni Gomila
Handbook of Cognitive Science Book PDF

Author : Paco Calvo,Toni Gomila
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2008-11-05
Category : Computers
ISBN : 008091487X

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Handbook of Cognitive Science by Paco Calvo,Toni Gomila Pdf

The Handbook of Cognitive Science provides an overview of recent developments in cognition research, relying upon non-classical approaches. Cognition is explained as the continuous interplay between brain, body, and environment, without relying on classical notions of computations and representation to explain cognition. The handbook serves as a valuable companion for readers interested in foundational aspects of cognitive science, and neuroscience and the philosophy of mind. The handbook begins with an introduction to embodied cognitive science, and then breaks up the chapters into separate sections on conceptual issues, formal approaches, embodiment in perception and action, embodiment from an artificial perspective, embodied meaning, and emotion and consciousness. Contributors to the book represent research overviews from around the globe including the US, UK, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, France, Sweden, and the Netherlands.

Algorithmic Probability and Friends. Bayesian Prediction and Artificial Intelligence

David L. Dowe
Algorithmic Probability and Friends Bayesian Prediction and Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : David L. Dowe
Publisher : Springer
Page : 445 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642449581

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Algorithmic Probability and Friends. Bayesian Prediction and Artificial Intelligence by David L. Dowe Pdf

Algorithmic probability and friends: Proceedings of the Ray Solomonoff 85th memorial conference is a collection of original work and surveys. The Solomonoff 85th memorial conference was held at Monash University's Clayton campus in Melbourne, Australia as a tribute to pioneer, Ray Solomonoff (1926-2009), honouring his various pioneering works - most particularly, his revolutionary insight in the early 1960s that the universality of Universal Turing Machines (UTMs) could be used for universal Bayesian prediction and artificial intelligence (machine learning). This work continues to increasingly influence and under-pin statistics, econometrics, machine learning, data mining, inductive inference, search algorithms, data compression, theories of (general) intelligence and philosophy of science - and applications of these areas. Ray not only envisioned this as the path to genuine artificial intelligence, but also, still in the 1960s, anticipated stages of progress in machine intelligence which would ultimately lead to machines surpassing human intelligence. Ray warned of the need to anticipate and discuss the potential consequences - and dangers - sooner rather than later. Possibly foremostly, Ray Solomonoff was a fine, happy, frugal and adventurous human being of gentle resolve who managed to fund himself while electing to conduct so much of his paradigm-changing research outside of the university system. The volume contains 35 papers pertaining to the abovementioned topics in tribute to Ray Solomonoff and his legacy.

Understanding Representation in the Cognitive Sciences

Alexander Riegler,Markus Peschl,Astrid von Stein
Understanding Representation in the Cognitive Sciences Book PDF

Author : Alexander Riegler,Markus Peschl,Astrid von Stein
Publisher : Springer
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2007-08-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780585296050

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Understanding Representation in the Cognitive Sciences by Alexander Riegler,Markus Peschl,Astrid von Stein Pdf

urrently a paradigm shift is occurring in for the conventional understanding of represen- which the traditional view of the brain as tions. The paper also summarizes the rationale for C representing the "things of the world" is the selection of contributions to this volume, which challenged in several respects. The present volume will roughly proceed from relatively "realist" c- is placed at the edge of this transition. Based on the ceptions of representation to more "constructivist" 1997 conference "New Trends in Cognitive Sci- interpretations. The final chapter of discussions, ence" in Vienna, Austria, it tries to collect and in- taped during and at the end of the conference, p- grate evidence from various disciplines such as p- vides the reader with the possibility to reflect upon losophy of science, neuroscience, computational the different approaches and thus contributes to b- approaches, psychology, semiotics, evolutionary ter and more integrative understanding of their biology, social psychology etc. , to foster a new thoughts and ideas. understanding of representation. The subjective experience of an outside world This book has a truly interdisciplinary character. It seems to suggest a mapping process where environ- is presented in a form that is readily accessible to mental entities are projected into our mind via some professionals and students alike across the cognitive kind of transmission. While a profound critique of sciences such as neuroscience, computer science, this idea is nearly as old as philosophy, it has gained philosophy, psychology, and sociology.

Philosophy of Psychology and Cognitive Science

Anonim
Philosophy of Psychology and Cognitive Science Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2006-10-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0080466621

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Philosophy of Psychology and Cognitive Science by Anonim Pdf

Psychology is the study of thinking, and cognitive science is the interdisciplinary investigation of mind and intelligence that also includes philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. In these investigations, many philosophical issues arise concerning methods and central concepts. The Handbook of Philosophy of Psychology and Cognitive Science contains 16 essays by leading philosophers of science that illuminate the nature of the theories and explanations used in the investigation of minds. Topics discussed include representation, mechanisms, reduction, perception, consciousness, language, emotions, neuroscience, and evolutionary psychology. Comprehensive coverage of philosophy of psychology and cognitive science Distinguished contributors: leading philosophers in this area Contributions closely tied to relevant scientific research

Artificial Intelligence

Jack Copeland
Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Jack Copeland
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2015-07-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781119189855

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Artificial Intelligence by Jack Copeland Pdf

Presupposing no familiarity with the technical concepts of either philosophy or computing, this clear introduction reviews the progress made in AI since the inception of the field in 1956. Copeland goes on to analyze what those working in AI must achieve before they can claim to have built a thinking machine and appraises their prospects of succeeding. There are clear introductions to connectionism and to the language of thought hypothesis which weave together material from philosophy, artificial intelligence and neuroscience. John Searle's attacks on AI and cognitive science are countered and close attention is given to foundational issues, including the nature of computation, Turing Machines, the Church-Turing Thesis and the difference between classical symbol processing and parallel distributed processing. The book also explores the possibility of machines having free will and consciousness and concludes with a discussion of in what sense the human brain may be a computer.