Physical Computation And Cognitive Science

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Physical Computation and Cognitive Science

Nir Fresco
Physical Computation and Cognitive Science Book PDF

Author : Nir Fresco
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642413759

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Physical Computation and Cognitive Science by Nir Fresco Pdf

This book presents a study of digital computation in contemporary cognitive science. Digital computation is a highly ambiguous concept, as there is no common core definition for it in cognitive science. Since this concept plays a central role in cognitive theory, an adequate cognitive explanation requires an explicit account of digital computation. More specifically, it requires an account of how digital computation is implemented in physical systems. The main challenge is to deliver an account encompassing the multiple types of existing models of computation without ending up in pancomputationalism, that is, the view that every physical system is a digital computing system. This book shows that only two accounts, among the ones examined by the author, are adequate for explaining physical computation. One of them is the instructional information processing account, which is developed here for the first time. "This book provides a thorough and timely analysis of differing accounts of computation while advancing the important role that information plays in understanding computation. Fresco’s two-pronged approach will appeal to philosophically inclined computer scientists who want to better understand common theoretical claims in cognitive science.” Marty J. Wolf, Professor of Computer Science, Bemidji State University “An original and admirably clear discussion of central issues in the foundations of contemporary cognitive science.” Frances Egan, Professor of Philosophy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

The Nature of Physical Computation

Oron Shagrir
The Nature of Physical Computation Book PDF

Author : Oron Shagrir
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780197552384

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The Nature of Physical Computation by Oron Shagrir Pdf

Computing systems are ubiquitous in contemporary life. Even the brain is thought to be a computing system of sorts. But what does it mean to say that a given organ or system "computes"? What is it about laptops, smartphones, and nervous systems that they are deemed to compute - and why does itseldom occur to us to describe stomachs, hurricanes, rocks, or chairs that way? These questions are key to laying the conceptual foundations of computational sciences, including computer science and engineering, and the cognitive and neural sciences.Oron Shagrir here provides an extended argument for the semantic view of computation, which states that semantic properties are involved in the nature of computing systems. The first part of the book provides general background. Although different in scope, these chapters have a common theme-namely,that the linkage between the mathematical theory of computability and the notion of physical computation is weak. The second part of the book reviews existing non-semantic accounts of physical computation. Shagrir analyze three influential accounts in greater depth and argues that none of theseaccounts is satisfactory, but each of them highlights certain key features of physical computation that he eventually adopts in his own semantic account of physical computation - a view that rests on a phenomenon known as simultaneous implementation (or "indeterminacy of computation"). Shagrircompletes the characterization of his account of computation and highlights the distinctive feature of computational explanations.

Physical Computation

Gualtiero Piccinini
Physical Computation Book PDF

Author : Gualtiero Piccinini
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780199658855

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Physical Computation by Gualtiero Piccinini Pdf

Computation permeates our world, but a satisfactory philosophical theory of what it is has been lacking. Gualtiero Piccinini presents a mechanistic account of what makes a physical system a computing system. He argues that computation does not entail representation or information-processing, although information-processing entails computation.

Computationalism

Matthias Scheutz
Computationalism Book PDF

Author : Matthias Scheutz
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0262194783

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Computationalism by Matthias Scheutz Pdf

A new computationalist view of the mind that takes into account real-world issues of embodiment, interaction, physical implementation, and semantics.

Physical Computation

Gualtiero Piccinini
Physical Computation Book PDF

Author : Gualtiero Piccinini
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2015-07-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191633423

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Physical Computation by Gualtiero Piccinini Pdf

Gualtiero Piccinini articulates and defends a mechanistic account of concrete, or physical, computation. A physical system is a computing system just in case it is a mechanism one of whose functions is to manipulate vehicles based solely on differences between different portions of the vehicles according to a rule defined over the vehicles. The Nature of Computation discusses previous accounts of computation and argues that the mechanistic account is better. Many kinds of computation are explicated, such as digital vs. analog, serial vs. parallel, neural network computation, program-controlled computation, and more. Piccinini argues that computation does not entail representation or information processing although information processing entails computation. Pancomputationalism, according to which every physical system is computational, is rejected. A modest version of the physical Church-Turing thesis, according to which any function that is physically computable is computable by Turing machines, is defended.

Computation, Cognition, and Pylyshyn

Don Dedrick,Lana Trick
Computation Cognition and Pylyshyn Book PDF

Author : Don Dedrick,Lana Trick
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262012843

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Computation, Cognition, and Pylyshyn by Don Dedrick,Lana Trick Pdf

Zenon Pylyshyn is a towering figure in cognitive science; his book "Computation and Cognition" (MIT Press, 1984) is a foundational presentation of the relationship between cognition and computation. His recent work on vision and its preconceptual mechanism has been influential and controversial. In this book, leading cognitive scientists address major topics in Pylyshyn's work and discuss his contributions to the cognitive sciences. Contributors discuss vision, considering such topics as multiple-object tracking, action, molecular and cellular cognition, and inhibition of return; and foundational issues, including connectionism, modularity, the evolution of the perception of number, computation, cognitive architecture, location, and visual sensory representations of objects.

After Digital

James A. Anderson
After Digital Book PDF

Author : James A. Anderson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2017-03-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199357802

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After Digital by James A. Anderson Pdf

Current computer technology doubles in in power roughly every two years, an increase called "Moore's Law." This constant increase is predicted to come to an end soon. Digital technology will change. Although digital computers dominate today's world, there are alternative ways to "compute" which might be better and more efficient than digital computation. After Digital looks at where the field of computation began and where it might be headed, and offers predictions about a collaborative future relationship between human cognition and mechanical computation. James A. Anderson, a pioneer of biologically inspired neural nets, presents two different kinds of computation-digital and analog--and gives examples of their history, function, and limitations. A third, the brain, falls somewhere in between these two forms, and is suggested as a computer architecture that is more capable of performing some specific important cognitive tasks-perception, reasoning, and intuition, for example- than a digital computer, even though the digital computer is constructed from far faster and more reliable basic elements. Anderson discusses the essentials of brain hardware, in particular, the cerebral cortex, and how cortical structure can influence the form taken by the computational operations underlying cognition. Topics include association, understanding complex systems through analogy, formation of abstractions, the biology of number and its use in arithmetic and mathematics, and computing across scales of organization. These applications, of great human interest, also form the goals of genuine artificial intelligence. After Digital will appeal to a broad cognitive science community, including computer scientists, philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists, as well as the curious science layreader, and will help to understand and shape future developments in computation.

Computation and Cognition

Zenon W. Pylyshyn
Computation and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Zenon W. Pylyshyn
Publisher : National Geographic Books
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1986-02-07
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262660587

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Computation and Cognition by Zenon W. Pylyshyn Pdf

The question, "What is Cognitive Science?" is often asked but seldom answered to anyone's satisfaction. Until now, most of the answers have come from the new breed of philosophers of mind. This book, however, is written by a distinguished psychologist and computer scientist who is well-known for his work on the conceptual foundations of cognitive science, and especially for his research on mental imagery, representation, and perception. In Computation and Cognition, Pylyshyn argues that computation must not be viewed as just a convenient metaphor for mental activity, but as a literal empirical hypothesis. Such a view must face a number of serious challenges. For example, it must address the question of "strong equivalents" of processes, and must empirically distinguish between phenomena which reveal what knowledge the organism has, phenomena which reveal properties of the biologically determined "functional architecture" of the mind. The principles and ideas Pylyshyn develops are applied to a number of contentious areas of cognitive science, including theories of vision and mental imagery. In illuminating such timely theoretical problems, he draws on insights from psychology, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and psychology of mind. A Bradford Book

Explaining the Computational Mind

Marcin Milkowski
Explaining the Computational Mind Book PDF

Author : Marcin Milkowski
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262313926

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Explaining the Computational Mind by Marcin Milkowski Pdf

A defense of the computational explanation of cognition that relies on mechanistic philosophy of science and advocates for explanatory pluralism. In this book, Marcin Milkowski argues that the mind can be explained computationally because it is itself computational—whether it engages in mental arithmetic, parses natural language, or processes the auditory signals that allow us to experience music. Defending the computational explanation against objections to it—from John Searle and Hilary Putnam in particular—Milkowski writes that computationalism is here to stay but is not what many have taken it to be. It does not, for example, rely on a Cartesian gulf between software and hardware, or mind and brain. Milkowski's mechanistic construal of computation allows him to show that no purely computational explanation of a physical process will ever be complete. Computationalism is only plausible, he argues, if you also accept explanatory pluralism. Milkowski sketches a mechanistic theory of implementation of computation against a background of extant conceptions, describing four dissimilar computational models of cognition. He reviews other philosophical accounts of implementation and computational explanation and defends a notion of representation that is compatible with his mechanistic account and adequate vis à vis the four models discussed earlier. Instead of arguing that there is no computation without representation, he inverts the slogan and shows that there is no representation without computation—but explains that representation goes beyond purely computational considerations. Milkowski's arguments succeed in vindicating computational explanation in a novel way by relying on mechanistic theory of science and interventionist theory of causation.

Neurocognitive Mechanisms

Gualtiero Piccinini
Neurocognitive Mechanisms Book PDF

Author : Gualtiero Piccinini
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 413 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198866282

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Neurocognitive Mechanisms by Gualtiero Piccinini Pdf

Gualtiero Piccinini presents a systematic and rigorous philosophical defence of the computational theory of cognition. His view posits that cognition involves neural computation within multilevel neurocognitive mechanisms, and includes novel ideas about ontology, functions, neural representation, neural computation, and consciousness.

Physical Perspectives on Computation, Computational Perspectives on Physics

Michael E. Cuffaro,Samuel C. Fletcher
Physical Perspectives on Computation Computational Perspectives on Physics Book PDF

Author : Michael E. Cuffaro,Samuel C. Fletcher
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2018-05-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107171190

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Physical Perspectives on Computation, Computational Perspectives on Physics by Michael E. Cuffaro,Samuel C. Fletcher Pdf

Offers an accessible yet cutting-edge tour of the many conceptual interconnections between physics and computer science.

Rethinking Cognitive Computation

Andy Wells
Rethinking Cognitive Computation Book PDF

Author : Andy Wells
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2017-09-16
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781137066619

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Rethinking Cognitive Computation by Andy Wells Pdf

Rethinking Cognitive Computation explores the hypothesis that the mind is a computer. The exploration is based on the pioneering work of Alan Turing and presents the first detailed exposition of his theory of computation intended specifically for psychologists. Turing's bold and beautiful theory provides an ideal perspective from which to evaluate current computational thinking about the mind. The book examines the strengths and weaknesses of symbol systems and connectionist theorising and proposes a new approach called ecological functionalism. Ecological functionalism is based on Turing's fundamental insights and extends them by drawing on contemporary theories of concurrent and distributed computation to cover a wide range of psychological domains. Ecological functionalism provides the basis for a powerful, unified theory of great scope which includes social as well as individual processes. The book is intended for teaching but will also be of interest to researchers in cognitive science, psychology and philosophy of mind. Andrew Wells is a lecturer in psychology at the London School of Economics and Political Science. He has qualifications in philosophy, psychology and computer science and has published papers on a range of psychological topics.

Cognitive Informatics, Computer Modelling, and Cognitive Science

G. R. Sinha,Jasjit S. Suri
Cognitive Informatics Computer Modelling and Cognitive Science Book PDF

Author : G. R. Sinha,Jasjit S. Suri
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2020-04-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128194454

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Cognitive Informatics, Computer Modelling, and Cognitive Science by G. R. Sinha,Jasjit S. Suri Pdf

Cognitive Informatics, Computer Modelling, and Cognitive Science: Volume Two, Application to Neural Engineering, Robotics, and STEM presents the practical, real-world applications of Cognitive Science to help readers understand how it can help them in their research, engineering and academic pursuits. The book is presented in two volumes, covering Introduction and Theoretical Background, Philosophical and Psychological Theory, and Cognitive Informatics and Computing. Volume Two includes Statistics for Cognitive Science, Cognitive Applications and STEM Case Studies. Other sections cover Cognitive Informatics, Computer Modeling and Cognitive Science: Application to Neural Engineering, Robotics, and STEM. The book's authors discuss the current status of research in the field of Cognitive Science, including cognitive language processing that paves the ways for developing numerous tools for helping physically challenged persons, and more. Identifies how foundational theories and concepts in cognitive science are applicable in other fields Includes a comprehensive review of cognitive science applications in multiple domains, applying it to neural engineering, robotics, computer science and STEM Presents basic statistics and cognitive maps, testing strategies of hypothesis, maximum likelihood estimator, Bayesian statistics, and discrete probability models of neural computation Contains in-depth technical coverage of cognitive applications and case studies, including neuro-computing, brain modeling, cognitive ability and cognitive robots

Models of Brain and Mind

Rahul Banerjee,Bikas K. Chakrabarti
Models of Brain and Mind Book PDF

Author : Rahul Banerjee,Bikas K. Chakrabarti
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2008-02-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080557198

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Models of Brain and Mind by Rahul Banerjee,Bikas K. Chakrabarti Pdf

The phenomenon of consciousness has always been a central question for philosophers and scientists. Emerging in the past decade are new approaches to the understanding of consciousness in a scientific light. This book presents a series of essays by leading thinkers giving an account of the current ideas prevalent in the scientific study of consciousness. The value of the book lies in the discussion of this interesting though complex subject from different points of view ranging from physics and computer science to the cognitive sciences. Reviews of controversial ideas related to the philosophy of mind from western and eastern sources including classical Indian first person methodologies provide a breadth of coverage that has seldom been attempted in a book before. Additionally, chapters relating to the new approaches in computational modeling of higher order cognitive function and consciousness are included. The book is of great value for established as well as young researchers from a wide cross-section of interdisciplinary scientific backgrounds, aiming to pursue research in this field, as well as an informed public. * Presents the latest developments in the scientific study of consciousness * Critically reviews different theoretical and philosophical explanations related to the subject * An important book for both students and researchers in designing research projects on consciousness

Cognitive Science and Technology

Ella Hunter
Cognitive Science and Technology Book PDF

Author : Ella Hunter
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Cognitive psychology
ISBN : 1682852997

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Cognitive Science and Technology by Ella Hunter Pdf

Cognitive science is an important tool to understand all the cognitive processes of the human brain, such as memory, attention, reasoning, etc. This book on cognitive science explores the scope of this field, which includes cognitive psychology, cognitive pedagogics, psycholinguistics, cognitive linguistics, educational technology, etc. Researches and studies performed by experts across the globe have been presented in this book in a coherent manner. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post graduate students and will provide them innovative insights into this discipline.