Four Internets

Author : Kieron O'Hara,Wendy Hall
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2021-06-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780197523704

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Four Internets by Kieron O'Hara,Wendy Hall Pdf

The Internet has become a staple of modern civilized life, now as vital a utility as electricity. But despite its growing influence, the Internet isn't as stable as it might seem; rather, it can be best thought of as a network of networks reliant on developing technical and social measures to function, including hardware, software, standards, and protocols. As millions of new internet users sign on each year, governing bodies need to balance evolving social ideas surrounding internet use against shifting political pressures on internet governance--or risk disconnection. Four Internets offers a revelatory new approach for conceptualizing the Internet and understanding the sometimes rival values that drive its governance and stability. Four Internets contends that the apparently monolithic "Internet" is in fact maintained by four distinct value systems--the Silicon Valley Open Internet, the Brussels Bourgeois Internet, the DC Commercial Internet, and the Beijing Paternal Internet--competing to determine the future directions of internet affordances for freedom, innovation, security, and human rights. Starting with an analysis of the original vision of an "Open Internet," the book outlines challenges facing this vision and the subsequent rise of other internets popularized through political and monetary machinations. It then unravels how tensions between these internets play out across politics, economics, and technology, and offers perspectives on potential new internets that might arise from emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and smart cities. The book closes with an evaluation of whether all these models can continue to co-exist--and what might happen if any fall away. Visionary and accessible, Four Internets lends readers the confidence to believe in a diverse yet resilient Internet through a deeper understanding of this everyday commodity.

Author : Kieron O'Hara,Wendy Hall
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780197523681

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Four Internets by Kieron O'Hara,Wendy Hall Pdf

"The book describes the Internet, and how Internet governance prevents it fragmenting into a 'Splinternet'. Four opposing ideologies about how data flows around the network have become prominent because they are (a) implemented by technical standards, and (b) backed by influential geopolitical entities. Each of these specifies an 'Internet', described in relation to its implementation by a specific geopolitical entity. The Four Internets of the title are the Silicon Valley Open Internet, developed by pioneers of the Internet in the 1960s, based on principles of openness and efficient dataflow; the Brussels Bourgeois Internet, exemplified by the European Union with a focus on human rights and legal administration; the DC Commercial Internet, exemplified by the Washington establishment and its focus on property rights and market solutions; and the Beijing Paternal Internet, exemplified by the Chinese government's control of Internet content. These Internets have to coexist if the Internet as a whole is to remain connected. The book also considers the weaponization of the hacking ethic as the Moscow Spoiler model, exemplified by Russia's campaigns of misinformation at scale; this is not a vision of the Internet, but is parasitic on the others. Each of these ideologies is illustrated by a specific policy question. Potential future directions of Internet development are considered, including the policy directions that India might take, and the development of technologies such as artificial intelligence, smart cities, the Internet of Things, and social machines. A conclusion speculates on potential future Internets that may emerge alongside those described"--

Author : Kieron O'Hara,Dame Wendy Hall
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 0197523714

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Four Internets by Kieron O'Hara,Dame Wendy Hall Pdf

Four Internets offers a revelatory new approach for conceptualizing the Internet and understanding the sometimes rival values that drive its governance and stability. It unravels how tensions between the models play out across politics, economics, and technology, ultimately debating whether these models can continue to co-exist--or what might happen if any fall away.

Author : Kieron O?Hara
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1083557543

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Four Internets by Kieron O?Hara Pdf

Author : Klaus Schwab
Publisher : Currency
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2017-01-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781524758875

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The Fourth Industrial Revolution by Klaus Schwab Pdf

World-renowned economist Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, explains that we have an opportunity to shape the fourth industrial revolu­tion, which will fundamentally alter how we live and work. Schwab argues that this revolution is different in scale, scope and complexity from any that have come before. Characterized by a range of new technologies that are fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the developments are affecting all disciplines, economies, industries and governments, and even challenging ideas about what it means to be human. Artificial intelligence is already all around us, from supercomputers, drones and virtual assistants to 3D printing, DNA sequencing, smart thermostats, wear­able sensors and microchips smaller than a grain of sand. But this is just the beginning: nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than a strand of hair and the first transplant of a 3D printed liver are already in development. Imagine “smart factories” in which global systems of manu­facturing are coordinated virtually, or implantable mobile phones made of biosynthetic materials. The fourth industrial revolution, says Schwab, is more significant, and its ramifications more profound, than in any prior period of human history. He outlines the key technologies driving this revolution and discusses the major impacts expected on government, business, civil society and individu­als. Schwab also offers bold ideas on how to harness these changes and shape a better future—one in which technology empowers people rather than replaces them; progress serves society rather than disrupts it; and in which innovators respect moral and ethical boundaries rather than cross them. We all have the opportunity to contribute to developing new frame­works that advance progress.

Author : Peter D. Hershock
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2021-01-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350182295

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Buddhism and Intelligent Technology by Peter D. Hershock Pdf

Machine learning, big data and AI are reshaping the human experience and forcing us to develop a new ethical intelligence. Peter Hershock offers a new way to think about attention, personal presence, and ethics as intelligent technology shatters previously foundational certainties and opens entirely new spaces of opportunity. Rather than turning exclusively to cognitive science and contemporary ethical theories, Hershock shows how classical Confucian and Socratic philosophies help to make visible what a history of choices about remaking ourselves through control biased technology has rendered invisible. But it is in Buddhist thought and practice that Hershock finds the tools for valuing and training our attention, resisting the colonization of consciousness, and engendering a more equitable and diversity-enhancing human-technology-world relationship. Focusing on who we need to be present as to avoid a future in which machines prevent us from either making or learning from our own mistakes, Hershock offers a constructive response to the unprecedented perils of intelligent technology and seamlessly blends ancient and contemporary philosophies to envision how to realize its equally unprecedented promises.

Author : Shoshana Zuboff
Publisher : PublicAffairs
Page : 658 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2019-01-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781610395700

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The Age of Surveillance Capitalism by Shoshana Zuboff Pdf

The challenges to humanity posed by the digital future, the first detailed examination of the unprecedented form of power called "surveillance capitalism," and the quest by powerful corporations to predict and control our behavior. In this masterwork of original thinking and research, Shoshana Zuboff provides startling insights into the phenomenon that she has named surveillance capitalism. The stakes could not be higher: a global architecture of behavior modification threatens human nature in the twenty-first century just as industrial capitalism disfigured the natural world in the twentieth. Zuboff vividly brings to life the consequences as surveillance capitalism advances from Silicon Valley into every economic sector. Vast wealth and power are accumulated in ominous new "behavioral futures markets," where predictions about our behavior are bought and sold, and the production of goods and services is subordinated to a new "means of behavioral modification." The threat has shifted from a totalitarian Big Brother state to a ubiquitous digital architecture: a "Big Other" operating in the interests of surveillance capital. Here is the crucible of an unprecedented form of power marked by extreme concentrations of knowledge and free from democratic oversight. Zuboff's comprehensive and moving analysis lays bare the threats to twenty-first century society: a controlled "hive" of total connection that seduces with promises of total certainty for maximum profit -- at the expense of democracy, freedom, and our human future. With little resistance from law or society, surveillance capitalism is on the verge of dominating the social order and shaping the digital future -- if we let it.

Author : Raphael Cohen-Almagor
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 407 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2015-06-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781107105591

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Confronting the Internet's Dark Side by Raphael Cohen-Almagor Pdf

This book outlines social and moral guidelines to combat violent, hateful, and illegal activity on the Internet.

Author : Ralph Schroeder
Publisher : UCL Press
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2018-01-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781787351240

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Social Theory after the Internet by Ralph Schroeder Pdf

The internet has fundamentally transformed society in the past 25 years, yet existing theories of mass or interpersonal communication do not work well in understanding a digital world. Nor has this understanding been helped by disciplinary specialization and a continual focus on the latest innovations. Ralph Schroeder takes a longer-term view, synthesizing perspectives and findings from various social science disciplines in four countries: the United States, Sweden, India and China. His comparison highlights, among other observations, that smartphones are in many respects more important than PC-based internet uses. Social Theory after the Internet focuses on everyday uses and effects of the internet, including information seeking and big data, and explains how the internet has gone beyond traditional media in, for example, enabling Donald Trump and Narendra Modi to come to power. Schroeder puts forward a sophisticated theory of the role of the internet, and how both technological and social forces shape its significance. He provides a sweeping and penetrating study, theoretically ambitious and at the same time always empirically grounded.The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of digital media and society, the internet and politics, and the social implications of big data.

Author : Manuel Castells
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2002-10-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0199255776

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The Internet Galaxy by Manuel Castells Pdf

Castells helps us understand how the Internet came into being and how it is affecting every area of human life. This guide reveals the Internet's huge capacity to liberate, but also its possibility to exclude those who do not have access to it.

Author : Jack Goldsmith,Tim Wu
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2006-03-17
Category : Law
ISBN : 0198034806

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Who Controls the Internet? by Jack Goldsmith,Tim Wu Pdf

Is the Internet erasing national borders? Will the future of the Net be set by Internet engineers, rogue programmers, the United Nations, or powerful countries? Who's really in control of what's happening on the Net? In this provocative new book, Jack Goldsmith and Tim Wu tell the fascinating story of the Internet's challenge to governmental rule in the 1990s, and the ensuing battles with governments around the world. It's a book about the fate of one idea--that the Internet might liberate us forever from government, borders, and even our physical selves. We learn of Google's struggles with the French government and Yahoo's capitulation to the Chinese regime; of how the European Union sets privacy standards on the Net for the entire world; and of eBay's struggles with fraud and how it slowly learned to trust the FBI. In a decade of events the original vision is uprooted, as governments time and time again assert their power to direct the future of the Internet. The destiny of the Internet over the next decades, argue Goldsmith and Wu, will reflect the interests of powerful nations and the conflicts within and between them. While acknowledging the many attractions of the earliest visions of the Internet, the authors describe the new order, and speaking to both its surprising virtues and unavoidable vices. Far from destroying the Internet, the experience of the last decade has lead to a quiet rediscovery of some of the oldest functions and justifications for territorial government. While territorial governments have unavoidable problems, it has proven hard to replace what legitimacy governments have, and harder yet to replace the system of rule of law that controls the unchecked evils of anarchy. While the Net will change some of the ways that territorial states govern, it will not diminish the oldest and most fundamental roles of government and challenges of governance. Well written and filled with fascinating examples, including colorful portraits of many key players in Internet history, this is a work that is bound to stir heated debate in the cyberspace community.

Author : Janna Quitney Anderson,Harrison Rainie
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Information technology
ISBN : 1624996639

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Challenges and Opportunities by Janna Quitney Anderson,Harrison Rainie Pdf

"Challenges and Opportunities: The Future of the Internet, Volume 4 is the fourth volume in a series on the future of communications by the Pew Internet &American Life Project and Elon University. Is Google making us stupid--what is the future of intelligence in the age of instant information? This and other important issues were addressed by nearly 900 expert respondents who wrote compelling answers to the 10 questions asked in the Future of the Internet IV survey. Technologists, business leaders, scholars and others shared their views about the Internet and the evolution of: intelligence; reading, writing and the rendering of knowledge; identity and authentication; gadgets, applications and the predictability of innovation; personal and social relationships; industrial-age institutions; cloud computing; the Semantic Web and Linked Data; Generation Y, also known as the Millennials; and the core values of the Internet, such as the end-to-end principle. This book is an extension of and deeper look at the results of six Pew Internet/Imagining the Internet Center reports generated from the survey in 2010. About the series: Technology builders, entrepreneurs, consultants, academicians, and futurists from around the world share their wisdom in The Future of the Internet surveys conducted by the Pew Internet &American Life Project and Elon University. The series of surveys garners smart, detailed assessments of multi-layered issues from a variety of voices, ranging from the scientists and engineers who created the first Internet architecture a decade ago to social commentators to technology leaders in corporations, media, government, and higher education."--ProQuest Ebook Central.

Author : Edward A. Dornan,Robert Dees
Publisher : Longman Publishing Group
Page : 722 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2001-08
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0321091035

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Four in One by Edward A. Dornan,Robert Dees Pdf

This rhetoric, reader, research paper guide, and brief handbook is the first writing text to fully explain the how's and why's of critical thinking. This discussion of critical thinking is integrated into the chapters on the writing process and the patterns of organization. Through this unique approach, students learn how to use reflective and critical thinking in writing and reading. The book is designed for maximum flexibility each part of the book is self-contained. The readings section of the book is organized alphabetically so instructors are not locked into just one approach. The text also features an ESL section in its handbook, a unique chapter on using the Internet for research, and individual and collaborative exercises throughout.

Author : Asli Demirguc-Kunt,Leora Klapper,Dorothe Singer,Saniya Ansar
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2018-04-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464812682

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The Global Findex Database 2017 by Asli Demirguc-Kunt,Leora Klapper,Dorothe Singer,Saniya Ansar Pdf

In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241548373

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Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children by World Health Organization Pdf

The Pocket Book is for use by doctors nurses and other health workers who are responsible for the care of young children at the first level referral hospitals. This second edition is based on evidence from several WHO updated and published clinical guidelines. It is for use in both inpatient and outpatient care in small hospitals with basic laboratory facilities and essential medicines. In some settings these guidelines can be used in any facilities where sick children are admitted for inpatient care. The Pocket Book is one of a series of documents and tools that support the Integrated Managem.