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Author : Karl Pearson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1892
Category : Classification of sciences
ISBN : CORNELL:31924012259374
Author : Victor H. Yngve
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1996-12-19
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027284075
Although efforts have been under way for the past two centuries to treat language scientifically, linguists and others who work with language, speech, or communication have not found an adequate scientific foundation in current linguistic theory. Many of the difficulties are caused by longstanding confusions between the logical domain of science and grammar and the physical domain of sound waves and the people who speak and understand. In this book, therefore, the last impediments of tradition, the ancient semiotic-grammatical foundations of linguistics, are set aside. We move into the physical domain, where theories and hypotheses can be tested against observations of the physical reality. Here new foundations are laid that are fully consonant with modern science as practiced in physics, chemistry, and biology. On these foundations is built a structure of testable specific dynamic causal laws of communicative behavior that provides support for treating previously recalcitrant context-dependent semantic, pragmatic, interactive, rhetorical, and literary phenomena. The central role of context in the foundations of the theory provides the insights of scientific lawfulness while still honoring the particularity of situations celebrated in the humanities.
Author : Victor H. Yngve
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1996-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027221612
Although efforts have been under way for the past two centuries to treat language scientifically, linguists and others who work with language, speech, or communication have not found an adequate scientific foundation in current linguistic theory. Many of the difficulties are caused by longstanding confusions between the logical domain of science and grammar and the physical domain of sound waves and the people who speak and understand. In this book, therefore, the last impediments of tradition, the ancient semiotic-grammatical foundations of linguistics, are set aside. We move into the physical domain, where theories and hypotheses can be tested against observations of the physical reality. Here new foundations are laid that are fully consonant with modern science as practiced in physics, chemistry, and biology. On these foundations is built a structure of testable specific dynamic causal laws of communicative behavior that provides support for treating previously recalcitrant context-dependent semantic, pragmatic, interactive, rhetorical, and literary phenomena. The central role of context in the foundations of the theory provides the insights of scientific lawfulness while still honoring the particularity of situations celebrated in the humanities.
Author : Karl Pearson
Publisher : Рипол Классик
Page : 567 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1957
Category : History
ISBN : 9785877362529
Author : Karl Pearson (Statistician, math., Great Britain)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1900
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:635586462
Author : Karl Pearson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1911
Category : Classification of sciences
ISBN : UCAL:B4059092
Author : Karl Pearson
Publisher : Forgotten Books
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2015-06-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1440071071
Excerpt from The Grammar of Science During the eight years which have elapsed since this Grammar was first published, the views expounded in it have undoubtedly met with wider acceptance than the author in the least anticipated. There are many signs that a sound idealism is surely replacing, as a basis for natural philosophy, the crude materialism of the older physicists. More than one professor of metaphysics has actually discovered that he can best attack "modern" science by criticising ancient statements as to mechanism from a standpoint remarkably similar to that of the Grammar. Step by step men of science are coming to recognise that mechanism is not at the bottom of phenomena, but is only the conceptual shorthand by aid of which they can briefly describe and resume phenomena. That all science is description and not explanation, that the mystery of change in the inorganic world is just as great and just as omnipresent as in the organic world, are statements which will appear platitudes to the next generation. Formerly men had belief as to the super-sensuous, and thought they had knowledge of the sensuous. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author : Karl Pearson
Publisher : Forgotten Books
Page : 578 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2017-12
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0265159067
Excerpt from The Grammar of Science If I have not paid greater attention to my numerous critics, it is not that I have failed to study them; it is simply that I have remained - obstinately it may be - convinced that the views expressed are, relatively to our present state of knowledge, substantially correct. Such changes in form as I have made have been chiefly suggested by further experience in the difficulties which await both pupil and teacher. I can only conclude by expressing a hope that if old friends meet the Grammar in its new form, they will not be displeased by either the superficial changes or the more substantial additions. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author : Francesca Di Garbo , Bruno Olsson , Bernhard Wälchli
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961101788
The many facets of grammatical gender remain one of the most fruitful areas of linguistic research, and pose fascinating questions about the origins and development of complexity in language. The present work is a two-volume collection of 13 chapters on the topic of grammatical gender seen through the prism of linguistic complexity. The contributions discuss what counts as complex and/or simple in grammatical gender systems, whether the distribution of gender systems across the world’s languages relates to the language ecology and social history of speech communities. Contributors demonstrate how the complexity of gender systems can be studied synchronically, both in individual languages and over large cross-linguistic samples, and diachronically, by exploring how gender systems change over time. In addition to three chapters on the theoretical foundations of gender complexity, volume one contains six chapters on grammatical gender and complexity in individual languages and language families of Africa, New Guinea, and South Asia. This volume is complemented by volume two, which consists of three chapters providing diachronic and typological case studies, followed by a final chapter discussing old and new theoretical and empirical challenges in the study of the dynamics of gender complexity.
Author : Liisa Berghäll
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 516 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2015-10-07
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783946234272
This grammar provides a synchronic grammatical description of Mauwake, a Papuan Trans-New Guinea (TNG) language of about 2000 speakers on the north coast of the Madang Province in Papua New Guinea. It is the first book-length treatment of the Mauwake language and the only published grammar of the Kumil subgroup to date. Relying on other existing published and unpublished grammars, the author shows how the language is similar to, or different from, related TNG languages especially in the Madang province. The grammar gives a brief introduction to the Mauwake people, their environment and their culture. Although the book mainly covers morphology and syntax, it also includes ashort treatment of the phonological system and the orthography. The description of the grammatical units proceeds from the words/morphology to the phrases, clauses, sentence types and clause combinations. The chapter on functional domains is the only one where the organization is based on meaning/function rather than structure. The longest chapter in the book is on morphology, with verbs taking the central stage. The final chapter deals with the pragmatic functions theme, topic and focus. 13 texts by native speakers, mostly recorded and transcribed but some originally written, are included in the Appendix with morpheme-by-morpheme glosses and a free translation. The theoretical approach used is that of Basic Linguistic Theory. Language typologists and professional Papuanist linguists are naturally one target audience for the grammar. But also two other possible, and important, audiences influenced especially the style the writing: well educated Mauwake speakers interested in their language, and those other Papua New Guineans who have some basic training in linguistics and are keen to explore their own languages.
Author : Christian Döhler
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783961101252
Komnzo is a Papuan language of Southern New Guinea spoken by around 250 people in the village of Rouku. Komnzo belongs to the Tonda subgroup of the Yam language family, which is also known as the Morehead Upper-Maro group. This grammar provides the first comprehensive description of a Yam language. It is based on 16 months of fieldwork. The primary source of data is a text corpus of around 12 hours recorded and transcribed between 2010 and 2015. Komnzo provides many fields of future research, but the most interesting aspect of its structure lies in the verb morphology, to which the two largest chapters of the grammar are dedicated. Komnzo verbs may index up to two arguments showing agreement in person, number and gender. Verbs encode 18 TAM categories, valency, directionality and deictic status. Morphological complexity lies not only in the amount of categories that verbs may express, but also in the way these are encoded. Komnzo verbs exhibit what may be called ‘distributed exponence’, i.e. single morphemes are underspecified for a particular grammatical category. Therefore, morphological material from different sites has to be integrated first, and only after this integration can one arrive at a particular grammatical category. The descriptive approach in this grammar is theory-informed rather than theory-driven. Comparison to other Yam languages and diachronic developments are taken into account whenever it seems helpful.
Author : Guillaume Jacques
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 1596 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961103058
Japhug is a vulnerable Gyalrongic language, which belongs to the Trans-Himalayan (Sino-Tibetan) family. It is spoken by several thousand speakers in Mbarkham county, Rngaba district, Sichuan province, China. This grammar is the result of nearly 20 years of fieldwork on one variety of Japhug, based on a corpus of narratives and conversations, a large part of which is available from the Pangloss Collection. It covers the whole grammar of the language, and the text examples provide a unique insight into Gyalrong culture. It was written with a general linguistics audience in mind, and should prove useful not only to specialists of Trans-Himalayan historical linguistics and typologists, but also to anthropologists doing research in Gyalrong areas. It is also hoped that some readers will use it to learn Japhug and pursue research on this fascinating language in the future.
Author : Leo Finkelstein, Jr.
Publisher : Waveland Press
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2011-05-24
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781478608677
This user-friendly guide to understanding and properly using English grammar is designed to augment the ability of busy engineering and science students to convey information in a precise manner. The books sensible organization around the eight parts of speech, its accessible format, and the straightforward explanations of written American English also make it a highly suitable tool for ESL students. While the authors intent is not to emphasize or overload readers with scientific jargon, he does include a rich collection of examples and illustrations that relate directly to engineering and science topics. Clear models and explanations, keyed to diagrams, tables, and flow charts, provide very effective visual elements.
Author : Henrik Liljegren
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 493 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-02-26
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783946234319
This grammar provides a grammatical description of Palula, an Indo-Aryan language of the Shina group. The language is spoken by about 10,000 people in the Chitral district in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. This is the first extensive description of the formerly little-documented Palula language, and is one of only a few in-depth studies available for languages in the extremely multilingual Hindukush-Karakoram region. The grammar is based on original fieldwork data, collected over the course of about ten years, commencing in 1998. It is primarily in the form of recorded, mainly narrative, texts, but supplemented by targeted elicitation as well as notes of observed language use. All fieldwork was conducted in close collaboration with the Palula-speaking community, and a number of native speakers took active part in the process of data gathering, annotation and data management. The main areas covered are phonology, morphology and syntax, illustrated with a large number of example items and utterances, but also a few selected lexical topics of some prominence have received a more detailed treatment as part of the morphosyntactic structure. Suggestions for further research that should be undertaken are given throughout the grammar. The approach is theory-informed rather than theory-driven, but an underlying functional-typological framework is assumed. Diachronic development is taken into account, particularly in the area of morphology, and comparisons with other languages and references to areal phenomena are included insofar as they are motivated and available. The description also provides a brief introduction to the speaker community and their immediate environment.
Author : Carson T. Schütze
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2015-12-24
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783946234029
Throughout much of the history of linguistics, grammaticality judgments - intuitions about the well-formedness of sentences - have constituted most of the empirical base against which theoretical hypothesis have been tested. Although such judgments often rest on subtle intuitions, there is no systematic methodology for eliciting them, and their apparent instability and unreliability have led many to conclude that they should be abandoned as a source of data. Carson T. Schütze presents here a detailed critical overview of the vast literature on the nature and utility of grammaticality judgments and other linguistic intuitions, and the ways they have been used in linguistic research. He shows how variation in the judgment process can arise from factors such as biological, cognitive, and social differences among subjects, the particular elicitation method used, and extraneous features of the materials being judged. He then assesses the status of judgments as reliable indicators of a speaker's grammar. Integrating substantive and methodological findings, Schütze proposes a model in which grammaticality judgments result from interaction of linguistic competence with general cognitive processes. He argues that this model provides the underpinning for empirical arguments to show that once extragrammatical variance is factored out, universal grammar succumbs to a simpler, more elegant analysis than judgment data initially lead us to expect. Finally, Schütze offers numerous practical suggestions on how to collect better and more useful data. The result is a work of vital importance that will be required reading for linguists, cognitive psychologists, and philosophers of language alike.
