From Massacres To Genocide

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Theatres of Violence

Philip G. Dwyer,Lyndall Ryan
Theatres of Violence Book PDF

Author : Philip G. Dwyer,Lyndall Ryan
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : History
ISBN : 9780857452993

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Theatres of Violence by Philip G. Dwyer,Lyndall Ryan Pdf

Massacres and mass killings have always marked if not shaped the history of the world and as such are subjects of increasing interest among historians. The premise underlying this collection is that massacres were an integral, if not accepted part (until quite recently) of warfare, and that they were often fundamental to the colonizing process in the early modern and modern worlds. Making a deliberate distinction between 'massacre' and 'genocide', the editors call for an entirely separate and new subject under the rubric of 'Massacre Studies', dealing with mass killings that are not genocidal in intent. This volume offers a reflection on the nature of mass killings and extreme violence across regions and across centuries, and brings together a wide range of approaches and case studies.

Stalin's Genocides

Norman M. Naimark
Stalin s Genocides Book PDF

Author : Norman M. Naimark
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2010-07-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9781400836062

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Stalin's Genocides by Norman M. Naimark Pdf

The chilling story of Stalin’s crimes against humanity Between the early 1930s and his death in 1953, Joseph Stalin had more than a million of his own citizens executed. Millions more fell victim to forced labor, deportation, famine, bloody massacres, and detention and interrogation by Stalin's henchmen. Stalin's Genocides is the chilling story of these crimes. The book puts forward the important argument that brutal mass killings under Stalin in the 1930s were indeed acts of genocide and that the Soviet dictator himself was behind them. Norman Naimark, one of our most respected authorities on the Soviet era, challenges the widely held notion that Stalin's crimes do not constitute genocide, which the United Nations defines as the premeditated killing of a group of people because of their race, religion, or inherent national qualities. In this gripping book, Naimark explains how Stalin became a pitiless mass killer. He looks at the most consequential and harrowing episodes of Stalin's systematic destruction of his own populace—the liquidation and repression of the so-called kulaks, the Ukrainian famine, the purge of nationalities, and the Great Terror—and examines them in light of other genocides in history. In addition, Naimark compares Stalin's crimes with those of the most notorious genocidal killer of them all, Adolf Hitler.

The Massacre in History

Mark Levene,Penny Roberts
The Massacre in History Book PDF

Author : Mark Levene,Penny Roberts
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : History
ISBN : 1571819355

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The Massacre in History by Mark Levene,Penny Roberts Pdf

Six papers from a March 1995 conference in Warwick, England, and seven additional commissioned essays span from the 11th century to the early 1990s and from western Europe to China. The historian authors explore such issues as what a massacre is, when and why it happens, cultural and political frameworks, how human societies respond, social and economic repercussions, and whether they are catalysts for change. They suggest that the massacre is often central to the course of human development and societal change. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

The Psychology of Genocide, Massacres, and Extreme Violence

Donald G. Dutton
The Psychology of Genocide Massacres and Extreme Violence Book PDF

Author : Donald G. Dutton
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2007-05-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780313071492

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The Psychology of Genocide, Massacres, and Extreme Violence by Donald G. Dutton Pdf

Chronicling horrific events that brought the 20th century to witness the largest number of systematic slaughters of human beings in any century across history, this work goes beyond historic details and examines contemporary psychological means that leaders use to convince individuals to commit horrific acts in the name of a politial or military cause. Massacres in Nanking, Rwanda, El Salvador, Vietnam, and other countries are reviewed in chilling detail. But the core issue is what psychological forces are behind large- scale killing; what psychology can be used to indoctrinate normal people with a Groupthink that moves individuals to mass murder brutally and without regret, even when the victims are innocent children. Dutton shows us how individuals are convinced to commit such sadistic acts, often preceded by torture, after being indoctrinated with beliefs that the target victims are unjust, inhuman or viral, like a virus that must be destroyed or it will destroy society.

The Massacre in History

Mark Levene,Penny Roberts
The Massacre in History Book PDF

Author : Mark Levene,Penny Roberts
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : History
ISBN : 1571819347

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The Massacre in History by Mark Levene,Penny Roberts Pdf

The role of massacre in history has been given little focused attention either by historians or academics in related fields. This is surprising as its prevalence and persistence surely demands that it should be a subject of serious and systematic exploration. What exactly is a massacre? When - and why - does it happen? Is there a cultural, as well as political framework within which it occurs? How do human societies respond to it? What are its social and economic repercussions? Are massacres catalysts for change or are they part of the continuity of the human saga? These are just some of the questions the authors address in this important volume. Chronologically and geographically broad in scope, The Massacre in History provides in-depth analysis of particular massacres and themes associated with them from the 11th century to the present. Specific attention is paid to 15th century Christian-Jewish relations in Spain, the St. Batholemew's Day massacre, England and Ireland in the civil war era, the 19th century Caucasus, the rape of Nanking in 1937 and the Second World War origins of the Serb-Croat conflict. The book explores the subject of massacre from a variety of perspectives - its relationship to politics, culture, religion and society, its connection to ethnic cleansing and genocide, and its role in gender terms and in relation to the extermination of animals. The historians provide evidence to suggest that the "massacre" is often central to the course of human development and societal change.

Genocide

Leo Kuper
Genocide Book PDF

Author : Leo Kuper
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1981-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 0300031203

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Genocide by Leo Kuper Pdf

Describes the political situations which have resulted in genocide, shows how technological developments have made massacres more feasible, and discusses the influence of larger nations in fomenting conflict

The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey

Guenter Lewy
The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey Book PDF

Author : Guenter Lewy
Publisher : University of Utah Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2005-11-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9780874808490

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The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey by Guenter Lewy Pdf

Avoiding the sterile "was-it-genocide-or-not" debate, this book will open a new chapter in this contentious controversy and may help achieve a long-overdue reconciliation of Armenians and Turks.

Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century

Alain Destexhe
Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century Book PDF

Author : Alain Destexhe
Publisher : Pluto Press
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Genocide
ISBN : 0745310419

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Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century by Alain Destexhe Pdf

'An angry and eloquent book.' Financial Times'Alain Destexhe, a former Secretary General of the relief agency Médecins sans Frontières and now a senator in the Belgium Parliament, who has writted Rwanda in Genocide in the Twentieth Century, a treatise to counter the catch-all of media coverage in which 'all catastrophes are treated alike and reduced to their lowest common denominator - compassion on the part of the onlooker.' Observer

Final Solutions

Benjamin A. Valentino
Final Solutions Book PDF

Author : Benjamin A. Valentino
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-01-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780801467172

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Final Solutions by Benjamin A. Valentino Pdf

Benjamin A. Valentino finds that ethnic hatreds or discrimination, undemocratic systems of government, and dysfunctions in society play a much smaller role in mass killing and genocide than is commonly assumed. He shows that the impetus for mass killing usually originates from a relatively small group of powerful leaders and is often carried out without the active support of broader society. Mass killing, in his view, is a brutal political or military strategy designed to accomplish leaders' most important objectives, counter threats to their power, and solve their most difficult problems. In order to capture the full scope of mass killing during the twentieth century, Valentino does not limit his analysis to violence directed against ethnic groups, or to the attempt to destroy victim groups as such, as do most previous studies of genocide. Rather, he defines mass killing broadly as the intentional killing of a massive number of noncombatants, using the criteria of 50,000 or more deaths within five years as a quantitative standard. Final Solutions focuses on three types of mass killing: communist mass killings like the ones carried out in the Soviet Union, China, and Cambodia; ethnic genocides as in Armenia, Nazi Germany, and Rwanda; and "counter-guerrilla" campaigns including the brutal civil war in Guatemala and the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Valentino closes the book by arguing that attempts to prevent mass killing should focus on disarming and removing from power the leaders and small groups responsible for instigating and organizing the killing.

Genocide

Norman M. Naimark
Genocide Book PDF

Author : Norman M. Naimark
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199765270

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Genocide by Norman M. Naimark Pdf

This world history of genocide examines the longue duree of mass murder from the beginning of human history to the present. Cases of genocide are examined as distinct episodes of killing, but in connection with earlier episodes. Communist and anti-communist genocides are considered, as are cases of settler (or colonial) genocide.

Blood and Soil

Ben Kiernan
Blood and Soil Book PDF

Author : Ben Kiernan
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 735 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2008-10-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780300137934

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Blood and Soil by Ben Kiernan Pdf

A book of surpassing importance that should be required reading for leaders and policymakers throughout the world For thirty years Ben Kiernan has been deeply involved in the study of genocide and crimes against humanity. He has played a key role in unearthing confidential documentation of the atrocities committed by the Khmer Rouge. His writings have transformed our understanding not only of twentieth-century Cambodia but also of the historical phenomenon of genocide. This new book—the first global history of genocide and extermination from ancient times—is among his most important achievements. Kiernan examines outbreaks of mass violence from the classical era to the present, focusing on worldwide colonial exterminations and twentieth-century case studies including the Armenian genocide, the Nazi Holocaust, Stalin’s mass murders, and the Cambodian and Rwandan genocides. He identifies connections, patterns, and features that in nearly every case gave early warning of the catastrophe to come: racism or religious prejudice, territorial expansionism, and cults of antiquity and agrarianism. The ideologies that have motivated perpetrators of mass killings in the past persist in our new century, says Kiernan. He urges that we heed the rich historical evidence with its telltale signs for predicting and preventing future genocides.

Purify and Destroy

Jacques Semelin
Purify and Destroy Book PDF

Author : Jacques Semelin
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2009-03-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780231142830

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Purify and Destroy by Jacques Semelin Pdf

How can we comprehend the sociopolitical processes that give rise to extreme violence, ethnic cleansing, or genocide? A major breakthrough in comparative analysis, Purify and Destroy demonstrates that it is indeed possible to compare the Holocaust, the Rwandan genocide, and ethnic cleansing in Bosnia-Herzegovina while respecting the specificities of each appalling phenomenon. Jacques Semelin achieves this, in part, by leading his readers through the three examples simultaneously, the unraveling of which sometimes converges but most often diverges. Semelin's method is multidisciplinary, relying not only on contemporary history but also on social psychology and political science. Based on the seminal distinction between massacre and genocide, Purify and Destroy identifies the main steps of a general process of destruction, both rational and irrational, born of what Semelin terms "delusional rationality." He describes a dynamic structural model with, at its core, the matrix of a social imaginaire that, responding to fears, resentments, and utopias, carves and recarves the social body by eliminating "the enemy." Semelin identifies the main stages that can lead to a genocidal process and explains how ordinary people can become perpetrators. He develops an intellectual framework to analyze the entire spectrum of mass violence, including terrorism, in the twentieth century and before. Strongly critical of today's political instrumentalization of the "genocide" notion, Semelin urges genocide research to stand back from legal and normative definitions and come of age as a discipline in its own right in the social sciences.

The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies

Donald Bloxham,A. Dirk Moses
The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies Book PDF

Author : Donald Bloxham,A. Dirk Moses
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 696 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2010-04-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780191572609

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The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies by Donald Bloxham,A. Dirk Moses Pdf

Genocide has scarred human societies since Antiquity. In the modern era, genocide has been a global phenomenon: from massacres in colonial America, Africa, and Australia to the Holocaust of European Jewry and mass death in Maoist China. In recent years, the discipline of 'genocide studies' has developed to offer analysis and comprehension. The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies is the first book to subject both genocide and the young discipline it has spawned to systematic, in-depth investigation. Thirty-four renowned experts study genocide through the ages by taking regional, thematic, and disciplinary-specific approaches. Chapters examine secessionist and political genocides in modern Asia. Others treat the violent dynamics of European colonialism in Africa, the complex ethnic geography of the Great Lakes region, and the structural instability of the continent's northern horn. South and North America receive detailed coverage, as do the Ottoman Empire, Nazi-occupied Europe, and post-communist Eastern Europe. Sustained attention is paid to themes like gender, memory, the state, culture, ethnic cleansing, military intervention, the United Nations, and prosecutions. The work is multi-disciplinary, featuring the work of historians, anthropologists, lawyers, political scientists, sociologists, and philosophers. Uniquely combining empirical reconstruction and conceptual analysis, this Handbook presents and analyses regions of genocide and the entire field of 'genocide studies' in one substantial volume.

From Massacres to Genocide

Robert I. Rotberg,Thomas G. Weiss
From Massacres to Genocide Book PDF

Author : Robert I. Rotberg,Thomas G. Weiss
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2002-04-26
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 081572361X

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From Massacres to Genocide by Robert I. Rotberg,Thomas G. Weiss Pdf

Human suffering on a large scale is a continuing threat to world peace. Several dozen gruesome civil wars disturb global order and jar our collective conscience each year. The 50 million people displaced by current complex humanitarian emergencies overwhelm the ability of the post-Cold War world to understand and cope with genocide, ethnic cleansing, massacres, and other inhumane acts. Greater public awareness of how much is at stake and how much more costly it is to act later rather than sooner can be a critical element in stemming the proliferation of these tragedies. The media play an increasingly crucial role in publicizing humanitarian crises, and advances in technology have intensified the immediacy of their reports. Because the world is watching as events unfold, policymakers are under great pressure to respond rapidly. Close cooperation between international relief agencies and the media is thus essential to help prevent or contain the humanitarian emergencies that threaten to overwhelm the world's capacity to care and assist. The authors of this book--all prominent in the fields of disaster relief, journalism, government policymaking, and academia--show how influential well-informed and well-developed media attention has become in forming policies to resolve ethnic and religious conflict and humanitarian crises. The authors argue that the media and humanitarians can collaborate effectively to alter both the attitudes of the public and the actions of policymakers regarding ethnic conflict and humanitarian crises. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Fred H. Cate, Joel R. Charny, Edward R. Girardet, John C. Hammock, Steven Livingston, Andrew Natsios, Lionel Rosenblatt, John Shattuck, and Peter Shiras. A Brookings Institution and World Peace Foundation copublication

Atrocities, Massacres, and War Crimes [2 volumes] [2 volumes]

Alexander Mikaberidze
Atrocities Massacres and War Crimes 2 volumes 2 volumes Book PDF

Author : Alexander Mikaberidze
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 906 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781598849264

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Atrocities, Massacres, and War Crimes [2 volumes] [2 volumes] by Alexander Mikaberidze Pdf

Both concise and wide-ranging, this encyclopedia covers massacres, atrocities, war crimes, and genocides, including acts of inhumanity on all continents; and serves as a reminder that lest we forget, history will repeat itself. The 400-plus entries in Atrocities, Massacres, and War Crimes: An Encyclopedia provide accessible and concise information on the difficult subject of abject human violence committed on all continents. The entries in this two-volume work describe atrocities, massacres, and war crimes committed in the 20th century, thereby documenting how human beings have repeatedly proven their capability to commit horrific acts of inhumanity even in relatively recent times and within the modern era. The encyclopedia covers countries, treaties, and terms; profiles individuals who had been formally indicted for war crimes as well as those who have committed mass atrocities and gone unpunished; and addresses human rights violations, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace.