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Author : Ricardo López-Ruiz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Algorithms
ISBN : 9781789847024
Author : John H. Holland
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1992-04-29
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0262581116
Genetic algorithms are playing an increasingly important role in studies of complex adaptive systems, ranging from adaptive agents in economic theory to the use of machine learning techniques in the design of complex devices such as aircraft turbines and integrated circuits. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems is the book that initiated this field of study, presenting the theoretical foundations and exploring applications. In its most familiar form, adaptation is a biological process, whereby organisms evolve by rearranging genetic material to survive in environments confronting them. In this now classic work, Holland presents a mathematical model that allows for the nonlinearity of such complex interactions. He demonstrates the model's universality by applying it to economics, physiological psychology, game theory, and artificial intelligence and then outlines the way in which this approach modifies the traditional views of mathematical genetics. Initially applying his concepts to simply defined artificial systems with limited numbers of parameters, Holland goes on to explore their use in the study of a wide range of complex, naturally occuring processes, concentrating on systems having multiple factors that interact in nonlinear ways. Along the way he accounts for major effects of coadaptation and coevolution: the emergence of building blocks, or schemata, that are recombined and passed on to succeeding generations to provide, innovations and improvements.
Author : Erik J. Larson
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2021-04-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780674983519
“Artificial intelligence has always inspired outlandish visions—that AI is going to destroy us, save us, or at the very least radically transform us. Erik Larson exposes the vast gap between the actual science underlying AI and the dramatic claims being made for it. This is a timely, important, and even essential book.” —John Horgan, author of The End of Science Many futurists insist that AI will soon achieve human levels of intelligence. From there, it will quickly eclipse the most gifted human mind. The Myth of Artificial Intelligence argues that such claims are just that: myths. We are not on the path to developing truly intelligent machines. We don’t even know where that path might be. Erik Larson charts a journey through the landscape of AI, from Alan Turing’s early work to today’s dominant models of machine learning. Since the beginning, AI researchers and enthusiasts have equated the reasoning approaches of AI with those of human intelligence. But this is a profound mistake. Even cutting-edge AI looks nothing like human intelligence. Modern AI is based on inductive reasoning: computers make statistical correlations to determine which answer is likely to be right, allowing software to, say, detect a particular face in an image. But human reasoning is entirely different. Humans do not correlate data sets; we make conjectures sensitive to context—the best guess, given our observations and what we already know about the world. We haven’t a clue how to program this kind of reasoning, known as abduction. Yet it is the heart of common sense. Larson argues that all this AI hype is bad science and bad for science. A culture of invention thrives on exploring unknowns, not overselling existing methods. Inductive AI will continue to improve at narrow tasks, but if we are to make real progress, we must abandon futuristic talk and learn to better appreciate the only true intelligence we know—our own.
Author : Philip C. Jackson, Jr
Publisher : Courier Dover Publications
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2019-11-13
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780486833002
How can human-level artificial intelligence be achieved? What are the potential consequences? This book describes a research approach toward achieving human-level AI, combining a doctoral thesis and research papers by the author. The research approach, called TalaMind, involves developing an AI system that uses a 'natural language of thought' based on the unconstrained syntax of a language such as English; designing the system as a collection of concepts that can create and modify concepts to behave intelligently in an environment; and using methods from cognitive linguistics for multiple levels of mental representation. Proposing a design-inspection alternative to the Turing Test, these pages discuss 'higher-level mentalities' of human intelligence, which include natural language understanding, higher-level forms of learning and reasoning, imagination, and consciousness. Dr. Jackson gives a comprehensive review of other research, addresses theoretical objections to the proposed approach and to achieving human-level AI in principle, and describes a prototype system that illustrates the potential of the approach. This book discusses economic risks and benefits of AI, considers how to ensure that human-level AI and superintelligence will be beneficial for humanity, and gives reasons why human-level AI may be necessary for humanity's survival and prosperity.
Author : Ricardo Lopez-Ruiz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Electronic computers. Computer science
ISBN : 1789847036
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field experiencing constant growth and change, with a long history. The challenge to reproduce human behavior in machines requires the interaction of many fields, from engineering to mathematics, from neurology to biology, from computer science to robotics, from web search to social networks, from machine learning to game theory, etc. Numerous applications and possibilities of AI are already a reality but other ones are still needed to reduce the human limitations and to expand the human capability to limits beyond our imagination. This book brings together researchers working on areas related to AI such as speech and face recognition, representation of learning and acoustic scenarios, fuzzy inference and data exploration, cellular automata applications with a special interest in the tools and algorithms that can be applied in these different branches of the AI discipline. The book provides a new reference to an audience interested in the development of this field.
Author : Eric Bonabeau,Marco Dorigo,Guy Theraulaz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1999-09-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780198030157
Social insects--ants, bees, termites, and wasps--can be viewed as powerful problem-solving systems with sophisticated collective intelligence. Composed of simple interacting agents, this intelligence lies in the networks of interactions among individuals and between individuals and the environment. A fascinating subject, social insects are also a powerful metaphor for artificial intelligence, and the problems they solve--finding food, dividing labor among nestmates, building nests, responding to external challenges--have important counterparts in engineering and computer science. This book provides a detailed look at models of social insect behavior and how to apply these models in the design of complex systems. The book shows how these models replace an emphasis on control, preprogramming, and centralization with designs featuring autonomy, emergence, and distributed functioning. These designs are proving immensely flexible and robust, able to adapt quickly to changing environments and to continue functioning even when individual elements fail. In particular, these designs are an exciting approach to the tremendous growth of complexity in software and information. Swarm Intelligence draws on up-to-date research from biology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, robotics, operations research, and computer graphics, and each chapter is organized around a particular biological example, which is then used to develop an algorithm, a multiagent system, or a group of robots. The book will be an invaluable resource for a broad range of disciplines.
Author : Margaret A. Boden
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:258028747
Author : Gianluca Baldassarre,Marco Mirolli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 453 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642323751
It has become clear to researchers in robotics and adaptive behaviour that current approaches are yielding systems with limited autonomy and capacity for self-improvement. To learn autonomously and in a cumulative fashion is one of the hallmarks of intelligence, and we know that higher mammals engage in exploratory activities that are not directed to pursue goals of immediate relevance for survival and reproduction but are instead driven by intrinsic motivations such as curiosity, interest in novel stimuli or surprising events, and interest in learning new behaviours. The adaptive value of such intrinsically motivated activities lies in the fact that they allow the cumulative acquisition of knowledge and skills that can be used later to accomplish fitness-enhancing goals. Intrinsic motivations continue during adulthood, and in humans they underlie lifelong learning, artistic creativity, and scientific discovery, while they are also the basis for processes that strongly affect human well-being, such as the sense of competence, self-determination, and self-esteem. This book has two aims: to present the state of the art in research on intrinsically motivated learning, and to identify the related scientific and technological open challenges and most promising research directions. The book introduces the concept of intrinsic motivation in artificial systems, reviews the relevant literature, offers insights from the neural and behavioural sciences, and presents novel tools for research. The book is organized into six parts: the chapters in Part I give general overviews on the concept of intrinsic motivations, their function, and possible mechanisms for implementing them; Parts II, III, and IV focus on three classes of intrinsic motivation mechanisms, those based on predictors, on novelty, and on competence; Part V discusses mechanisms that are complementary to intrinsic motivations; and Part VI introduces tools and experimental frameworks for investigating intrinsic motivations. The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots. The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots.
Author : Dioneia Motta Monte-Serrat,Carlo Cattani
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780323859219
The Natural Language for Artificial Intelligence presents the biological and logical structure typical of human language in its dynamic mediating process between reality and the human mind. The book explains linguistic functioning in the dynamic process of human cognition when forming meaning. After that, an approach to artificial intelligence (AI) is outlined, which works with a more restricted concept of natural language that leads to flaws and ambiguities. Subsequently, the characteristics of natural language and patterns of how it behaves in different branches of science are revealed to indicate ways to improve the development of AI in specific fields of science. A brief description of the universal structure of language is also presented as an algorithmic model to be followed in the development of AI. Since AI aims to imitate the process of the human mind, the book shows how the cross-fertilization between natural language and AI should be done using the logical-axiomatic structure of natural language adjusted to the logical-mathematical processes of the machine. Presents a comprehensive approach to natural language and its inherent and complex dynamics Develops language content as the next frontier, identifying the universal structure of language as a common structure that appears in both AI and cognitive computing Explains the standard structure present in cognition and AI, making them interchangeable Offers examples of the application of the universal language model in image analysis and conventional language
Author : J. E. Tiles,G. T. McKee,G. C. Dean
Publisher : Pitman Publishing
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Artificial intelligence
ISBN : UCAL:B4495247
Author : Fei Fang,Milind Tambe,Bistra Dilkina,Andrew J. Plumptre
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2019-03-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781316512920
Explains how artificial intelligence methods can be used to aid conservation of wildlife, forests, coral reefs, rivers, and other natural resources.
Author : Tom Addis
Publisher : Springer
Page : 199 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2014-10-20
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319112862
What are the limitations of computer models and why do we still not have working models of people that are recognizably human? This is the principle puzzle explored in this book where ideas behind systems that behave intelligently are described and different philosophical issues are touched upon. The key to human behavior is taken to be intelligence and the ability to reason about the world. A strong scientific approach is taken, but first it was required to understand what a scientific approach could mean in the context of both natural and artificial systems. A theory of intelligence is proposed that can be tested and developed in the light of experimental results. The book illustrates that intelligence is much more than just behavior confined to a unique person or a single computer program within a fixed time frame. Some answers are unraveled and some puzzles emerge from these investigations and experiments. Natural and Artificial Reasoning provides a few steps of an exciting journey that began many centuries ago with the word ‘why?’
Author : Melanie Mitchell
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-15
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780374715236
Melanie Mitchell separates science fact from science fiction in this sweeping examination of the current state of AI and how it is remaking our world No recent scientific enterprise has proved as alluring, terrifying, and filled with extravagant promise and frustrating setbacks as artificial intelligence. The award-winning author Melanie Mitchell, a leading computer scientist, now reveals AI’s turbulent history and the recent spate of apparent successes, grand hopes, and emerging fears surrounding it. In Artificial Intelligence, Mitchell turns to the most urgent questions concerning AI today: How intelligent—really—are the best AI programs? How do they work? What can they actually do, and when do they fail? How humanlike do we expect them to become, and how soon do we need to worry about them surpassing us? Along the way, she introduces the dominant models of modern AI and machine learning, describing cutting-edge AI programs, their human inventors, and the historical lines of thought underpinning recent achievements. She meets with fellow experts such as Douglas Hofstadter, the cognitive scientist and Pulitzer Prize–winning author of the modern classic Gödel, Escher, Bach, who explains why he is “terrified” about the future of AI. She explores the profound disconnect between the hype and the actual achievements in AI, providing a clear sense of what the field has accomplished and how much further it has to go. Interweaving stories about the science of AI and the people behind it, Artificial Intelligence brims with clear-sighted, captivating, and accessible accounts of the most interesting and provocative modern work in the field, flavored with Mitchell’s humor and personal observations. This frank, lively book is an indispensable guide to understanding today’s AI, its quest for “human-level” intelligence, and its impact on the future for us all.
Author : Lashon Booker,Stephanie Forrest,Melanie Mitchell,Rick Riolo
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2005-02-24
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780198036869
This book is a collection of essays exploring adaptive systems from many perspectives, ranging from computational applications to models of adaptation in living and social systems. The essays on computation discuss history, theory, applications, and possible threats of adaptive and evolving computations systems. The modeling chapters cover topics such as evolution in microbial populations, the evolution of cooperation, and how ideas about evolution relate to economics. The title Perspectives on Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems honors John Holland, whose 1975 Book, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems has become a classic text for many disciplines in which adaptation play a central role. The essays brought together here were originally written to honor John Holland, and span most of the different areas touched by his wide-ranging and influential research career. The authors include some of the most prominent scientists in the fields of artificial intelligence evolutionary computation, and complex adaptive systems. Taken together, these essays present a broad modern picture of current research on adaptation as it relates to computers, living systems, society, and their complex interactions.
Author : Kate Crawford
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2021-04-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780300209570
The hidden costs of artificial intelligence, from natural resources and labor to privacy and freedom What happens when artificial intelligence saturates political life and depletes the planet? How is AI shaping our understanding of ourselves and our societies? In this book Kate Crawford reveals how this planetary network is fueling a shift toward undemocratic governance and increased inequality. Drawing on more than a decade of research, award-winning science, and technology, Crawford reveals how AI is a technology of extraction: from the energy and minerals needed to build and sustain its infrastructure, to the exploited workers behind "automated" services, to the data AI collects from us. Rather than taking a narrow focus on code and algorithms, Crawford offers us a political and a material perspective on what it takes to make artificial intelligence and where it goes wrong. While technical systems present a veneer of objectivity, they are always systems of power. This is an urgent account of what is at stake as technology companies use artificial intelligence to reshape the world.