Intrinsically Motivated Learning In Natural And Artificial Systems

Author : Gianluca Baldassarre,Marco Mirolli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 453 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642323751

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Intrinsically Motivated Learning in Natural and Artificial Systems by Gianluca Baldassarre,Marco Mirolli Pdf

It has become clear to researchers in robotics and adaptive behaviour that current approaches are yielding systems with limited autonomy and capacity for self-improvement. To learn autonomously and in a cumulative fashion is one of the hallmarks of intelligence, and we know that higher mammals engage in exploratory activities that are not directed to pursue goals of immediate relevance for survival and reproduction but are instead driven by intrinsic motivations such as curiosity, interest in novel stimuli or surprising events, and interest in learning new behaviours. The adaptive value of such intrinsically motivated activities lies in the fact that they allow the cumulative acquisition of knowledge and skills that can be used later to accomplish fitness-enhancing goals. Intrinsic motivations continue during adulthood, and in humans they underlie lifelong learning, artistic creativity, and scientific discovery, while they are also the basis for processes that strongly affect human well-being, such as the sense of competence, self-determination, and self-esteem. This book has two aims: to present the state of the art in research on intrinsically motivated learning, and to identify the related scientific and technological open challenges and most promising research directions. The book introduces the concept of intrinsic motivation in artificial systems, reviews the relevant literature, offers insights from the neural and behavioural sciences, and presents novel tools for research. The book is organized into six parts: the chapters in Part I give general overviews on the concept of intrinsic motivations, their function, and possible mechanisms for implementing them; Parts II, III, and IV focus on three classes of intrinsic motivation mechanisms, those based on predictors, on novelty, and on competence; Part V discusses mechanisms that are complementary to intrinsic motivations; and Part VI introduces tools and experimental frameworks for investigating intrinsic motivations. The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots. The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots.

Author : Vieri Giuliano Santucci,Pierre-Yves Oudeyer,Andrew Barto,Gianluca Baldassarre
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2020-02-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889634859

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Intrinsically Motivated Open-Ended Learning in Autonomous Robots by Vieri Giuliano Santucci,Pierre-Yves Oudeyer,Andrew Barto,Gianluca Baldassarre Pdf

Author : Gianluca Baldassarre,Tom Stafford, Marco Mirolli,Peter Redgrave,Richard Michael Ryan,Andrew Barto
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2015-02-10
Category : Autonomous robots
ISBN : 9782889193721

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Intrinsic motivations and open-ended development in animals, humans, and robots by Gianluca Baldassarre,Tom Stafford, Marco Mirolli,Peter Redgrave,Richard Michael Ryan,Andrew Barto Pdf

The aim of this Research Topic for Frontiers in Psychology under the section of Cognitive Science and Frontiers in Neurorobotics is to present state-of-the-art research, whether theoretical, empirical, or computational investigations, on open-ended development driven by intrinsic motivations. The topic will address questions such as: How do motivations drive learning? How are complex skills built up from a foundation of simpler competencies? What are the neural and computational bases for intrinsically motivated learning? What is the contribution of intrinsic motivations to wider cognition? Autonomous development and lifelong open-ended learning are hallmarks of intelligence. Higher mammals, and especially humans, engage in activities that do not appear to directly serve the goals of survival, reproduction, or material advantage. Rather, a large part of their activity is intrinsically motivated - behavior driven by curiosity, play, interest in novel stimuli and surprising events, autonomous goal-setting, and the pleasure of acquiring new competencies. This allows the cumulative acquisition of knowledge and skills that can later be used to accomplish fitness-enhancing goals. Intrinsic motivations continue during adulthood, and in humans artistic creativity, scientific discovery, and subjective well-being owe much to them. The study of intrinsically motivated behavior has a long history in psychological and ethological research, which is now being reinvigorated by perspectives from neuroscience, artificial intelligence and computer science. For example, recent neuroscientific research is discovering how neuromodulators like dopamine and noradrenaline relate not only to extrinsic rewards but also to novel and surprising events, how brain areas such as the superior colliculus and the hippocampus are involved in the perception and processing of events, novel stimuli, and novel associations of stimuli, and how violations of predictions and expectations influence learning and motivation. Computational approaches are characterizing the space of possible reinforcement learning algorithms and their augmentation by intrinsic reinforcements of different kinds. Research in robotics and machine learning is yielding systems with increasing autonomy and capacity for self-improvement: artificial systems with motivations that are similar to those of real organisms and support prolonged autonomous learning. Computational research on intrinsic motivation is being complemented by, and closely interacting with, research that aims to build hierarchical architectures capable of acquiring, storing, and exploiting the knowledge and skills acquired through intrinsically motivated learning. Now is an important moment in the study of intrinsically motivated open-ended development, requiring contributions and integration across a large number of fields within the cognitive sciences. This Research Topic aims to contribute to this effort by welcoming papers carried out with ethological, psychological, neuroscientific and computational approaches, as well as research that cuts across disciplines and approaches.

Author : José Manuel Ferrández Vicente,José Ramón Álvarez-Sánchez,Félix de la Paz López,Javier Toledo Moreo,Hojjat Adeli
Publisher : Springer
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2017-06-10
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319597409

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Natural and Artificial Computation for Biomedicine and Neuroscience by José Manuel Ferrández Vicente,José Ramón Álvarez-Sánchez,Félix de la Paz López,Javier Toledo Moreo,Hojjat Adeli Pdf

The two volumes LNCS 10337 and 10338 constitute the proceedings of the International Work-Conference on the Interplay Between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC 2017, held in Corunna, Spain, in June 2017. The total of 102 full papers was carefully reviewed and selected from 194 submissions during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers are organized in two volumes, one on natural and artificial computation for biomedicine and neuroscience, addressing topics such as theoretical neural computation; models; natural computing in bioinformatics; physiological computing in affective smart environments; emotions; as well as signal processing and machine learning applied to biomedical and neuroscience applications. The second volume deals with biomedical applications, based on natural and artificial computing and addresses topics such as biomedical applications; mobile brain computer interaction; human robot interaction; deep learning; machine learning applied to big data analysis; computational intelligence in data coding and transmission; and applications.

Author : Angelo Cangelosi,Minoru Asada
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 497 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780262369336

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Cognitive Robotics by Angelo Cangelosi,Minoru Asada Pdf

The current state of the art in cognitive robotics, covering the challenges of building AI-powered intelligent robots inspired by natural cognitive systems. A novel approach to building AI-powered intelligent robots takes inspiration from the way natural cognitive systems—in humans, animals, and biological systems—develop intelligence by exploiting the full power of interactions between body and brain, the physical and social environment in which they live, and phylogenetic, developmental, and learning dynamics. This volume reports on the current state of the art in cognitive robotics, offering the first comprehensive coverage of building robots inspired by natural cognitive systems. Contributors first provide a systematic definition of cognitive robotics and a history of developments in the field. They describe in detail five main approaches: developmental, neuro, evolutionary, swarm, and soft robotics. They go on to consider methodologies and concepts, treating topics that include commonly used cognitive robotics platforms and robot simulators, biomimetic skin as an example of a hardware-based approach, machine-learning methods, and cognitive architecture. Finally, they cover the behavioral and cognitive capabilities of a variety of models, experiments, and applications, looking at issues that range from intrinsic motivation and perception to robot consciousness. Cognitive Robotics is aimed at an interdisciplinary audience, balancing technical details and examples for the computational reader with theoretical and experimental findings for the empirical scientist.

Author : Stefano Cagnoni,Marco Mirolli,Marco Villani
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-21
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642375774

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Evolution, Complexity and Artificial Life by Stefano Cagnoni,Marco Mirolli,Marco Villani Pdf

Evolution and complexity characterize both biological and artificial life – by direct modeling of biological processes and the creation of populations of interacting entities from which complex behaviors can emerge and evolve. This edited book includes invited chapters from leading scientists in the fields of artificial life, complex systems, and evolutionary computing. The contributions identify both fundamental theoretical issues and state-of-the-art real-world applications. The book is intended for researchers and graduate students in the related domains.

Author : Francisco Javier de Cos Juez,José Ramón Villar,Enrique A. de la Cal,Álvaro Herrero,Héctor Quintián,José António Sáez,Emilio Corchado
Publisher : Springer
Page : 765 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2018-06-09
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319926391

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Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Systems by Francisco Javier de Cos Juez,José Ramón Villar,Enrique A. de la Cal,Álvaro Herrero,Héctor Quintián,José António Sáez,Emilio Corchado Pdf

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Systems, HAIS 2018, held in Oviedo, Spain, in June 2018. The 62 full papers published in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 104 submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: Neurocomputing, fuzzy systems, rough sets, evolutionary algorithms, Agents andMultiagent Systems, and alike.

Author : Gianluca Baldassarre,Marco Mirolli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642398759

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Computational and Robotic Models of the Hierarchical Organization of Behavior by Gianluca Baldassarre,Marco Mirolli Pdf

Current robots and other artificial systems are typically able to accomplish only one single task. Overcoming this limitation requires the development of control architectures and learning algorithms that can support the acquisition and deployment of several different skills, which in turn seems to require a modular and hierarchical organization. In this way, different modules can acquire different skills without catastrophic interference, and higher-level components of the system can solve complex tasks by exploiting the skills encapsulated in the lower-level modules. While machine learning and robotics recognize the fundamental importance of the hierarchical organization of behavior for building robots that scale up to solve complex tasks, research in psychology and neuroscience shows increasing evidence that modularity and hierarchy are pivotal organization principles of behavior and of the brain. They might even lead to the cumulative acquisition of an ever-increasing number of skills, which seems to be a characteristic of mammals, and humans in particular. This book is a comprehensive overview of the state of the art on the modeling of the hierarchical organization of behavior in animals, and on its exploitation in robot controllers. The book perspective is highly interdisciplinary, featuring models belonging to all relevant areas, including machine learning, robotics, neural networks, and computational modeling in psychology and neuroscience. The book chapters review the authors' most recent contributions to the investigation of hierarchical behavior, and highlight the open questions and most promising research directions. As the contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, the book covers the most important and topical issues in the field from a computationally informed, theoretically oriented perspective. The book will be of benefit to academic and industrial researchers and graduate students in related disciplines.

Author : Mark H. Lee
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-04-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262043731

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How to Grow a Robot by Mark H. Lee Pdf

How to develop robots that will be more like humans and less like computers, more social than machine-like, and more playful and less programmed. Most robots are not very friendly. They vacuum the rug, mow the lawn, dispose of bombs, even perform surgery—but they aren't good conversationalists. It's difficult to make eye contact. If the future promises more human-robot collaboration in both work and play, wouldn't it be better if the robots were less mechanical and more social? In How to Grow a Robot, Mark Lee explores how robots can be more human-like, friendly, and engaging. Developments in artificial intelligence—notably Deep Learning—are widely seen as the foundation on which our robot future will be built. These advances have already brought us self-driving cars and chess match–winning algorithms. But, Lee writes, we need robots that are perceptive, animated, and responsive—more like humans and less like computers, more social than machine-like, and more playful and less programmed. The way to achieve this, he argues, is to “grow” a robot so that it learns from experience—just as infants do. After describing “what's wrong with artificial intelligence” (one key shortcoming: it's not embodied), Lee presents a different approach to building human-like robots: developmental robotics, inspired by developmental psychology and its accounts of early infant behavior. He describes his own experiments with the iCub humanoid robot and its development from newborn helplessness to ability levels equal to a nine-month-old, explaining how the iCub learns from its own experiences. AI robots are designed to know humans as objects; developmental robots will learn empathy. Developmental robots, with an internal model of “self,” will be better interactive partners with humans. That is the kind of future technology we should work toward.

Author : Kohei Arai,Rahul Bhatia,Supriya Kapoor
Publisher : Springer
Page : 1127 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2019-06-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030228712

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Intelligent Computing by Kohei Arai,Rahul Bhatia,Supriya Kapoor Pdf

This book presents the proceedings of the Computing Conference 2019, providing a comprehensive collection of chapters focusing on core areas of computing and their real-world applications. Computing is an extremely broad discipline, encompassing a range of specialized fields, each focusing on particular areas of technology and types of application, and the conference offered pioneering researchers, scientists, industrial engineers, and students from around the globe a platform to share new ideas and development experiences. Providing state-of-the-art intelligent methods and techniques for solving real- world problems, the book inspires further research and technological advances in this important area.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2016-10-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128045527

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Motivation by Anonim Pdf

Motivation: Theory, Neurobiology and Applications is inspired by a question central to health care professionals, teachers, parents, and coaches alike, "How can an individual be motivated to perform a given activity or training?" It presents novel measurements of motivation developed in psychology and economics, recent insights into the neurobiology of motivation, and current research on applications designed to boost motivation in neurorehabilitation, education, and sports. In addition, tactics on how to connect these different research and knowledge fields within a common (theoretical) framework of motivation is discussed. Thus, in short, the book provides an integrative, interdisciplinary, up-to-date accounting on the neurobiology of motivation and how it might be boosted. Provides an integration of the neurosciences, their clinical challenges, and applicable research Includes both an interdisciplinary and integrative nature Contains a broad array of subject matter that will be of interest to a large target audience Presents contributions from experts in their respective fields

Author : Daniela Corbetta,Marco Santello
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2018-08-28
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780429885945

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Reach-to-Grasp Behavior by Daniela Corbetta,Marco Santello Pdf

Reaching for objects in our surroundings is an everyday activity that most humans perform seamlessly a hundred times a day. It is nonetheless a complex behavior that requires the perception of objects’ features, action selection, movement planning, multi-joint coordination, force regulation, and the integration of all of these properties during the actions themselves to meet the successful demands of extremely varied task goals. Even though reach-to-grasp behavior has been studied for decades, it has, in recent years, become a particularly growing area of multidisciplinary research because of its crucial role in activities of daily living and broad range of applications to other fields, including physical rehabilitation, prosthetics, and robotics. This volume brings together novel and exciting research that sheds light into the complex sensory-motor processes involved in the selection and production of reach-to-grasp behaviors. It also offers a unique life-span and multidisciplinary perspective on the development and multiple processes involved in the formation of reach-to-grasp. It covers recent and exciting discoveries from the fields of developmental psychology and learning sciences, neurophysiology and brain sciences, movement sciences, and the dynamic field of developmental robotics, which has become a very active applied field relying on biologically inspired models. This volume is a rich and valuable resource for students and professionals in all of these research fields, as well as cognitive sciences, rehabilitation, and other applied sciences.

Author : Stefania Bandini,Francesca Gasparini,Viviana Mascardi,Matteo Palmonari,Giuseppe Vizzari
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 720 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2022-07-18
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031084218

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AIxIA 2021 – Advances in Artificial Intelligence by Stefania Bandini,Francesca Gasparini,Viviana Mascardi,Matteo Palmonari,Giuseppe Vizzari Pdf

​This book constitutes revised selected papers from the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, AIxIA 2021, which was held virtually in December 2021. The 36 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 58 submissions; the volume also contains 12 extended and revised workshop contributions. The papers were organized in topical sections as follows: Planning and strategies; constraints, argumentation, and logic programming; knowledge representation, reasoning, and learning; natural language processing; AI for content and social media analysis; signal processing: images, videos and speech; machine learning for argumentation, explanation, and exploration; machine learning and applications; and AI applications.

Author : L. Steels
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2015-11-24
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781614995937

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Music Learning with Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) by L. Steels Pdf

Massive Open Online Courses, known as MOOCs, have arisen as the logical consequence of marrying long-distance education with the web and social media. MOOCs were confidently predicted by advanced thinkers decades ago. They are undoubtedly here to stay, and provide a valuable resource for learners and teachers alike. This book focuses on music as a domain of knowledge, and has three objectives: to introduce the phenomenon of MOOCs; to present ongoing research into making MOOCs more effective and better adapted to the needs of teachers and learners; and finally to present the first steps towards 'social MOOCs’, which support the creation of learning communities in which interactions between learners go beyond correcting each other's assignments. Social MOOCs try to mimic settings for humanistic learning, such as workshops, small choirs, or groups participating in a Hackathon, in which students aided by somebody acting as a tutor learn by solving problems and helping each other. The papers in this book all discuss steps towards social MOOCs; their foundational pedagogy, platforms to create learning communities, methods for assessment and social feedback and concrete experiments. These papers are organized into five sections: background; the role of feedback; platforms for learning communities; experiences with social MOOCs; and looking backwards and looking forward. Technology is not a panacea for the enormous challenges facing today's educators and learners, but this book will be of interest to all those striving to find more effective and humane learning opportunities for a larger group of students.

Author : Kaspar Althoefer,Jelizaveta Konstantinova,Ketao Zhang
Publisher : Springer
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2019-06-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030238070

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Towards Autonomous Robotic Systems by Kaspar Althoefer,Jelizaveta Konstantinova,Ketao Zhang Pdf

The two volumes LNAI 11649 and LNAI 11650 constitute the refereed proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference "Towards Autonomous Robotics", TAROS 2019, held in London, UK, in July 2019. The 74 full papers and 12 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 101 submissions. The papers present and discuss significant findings and advances in autonomous robotics research and applications. They are organized in the following topical sections: robotic grippers and manipulation; soft robotics, sensing and mobile robots; robotic learning, mapping and planning; human-robot interaction; and robotic systems and applications.