From Oxidative Stress To Cognitive Decline Towards Novel Therapeutic Approaches

Author : Touqeer Ahmed,Nady Braidy
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2023-09-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832534106

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From Oxidative Stress to Cognitive Decline - Towards Novel Therapeutic Approaches by Touqeer Ahmed,Nady Braidy Pdf

Oxidative stress plays multiple roles in the pathobiology of several neurodegenerative disorders and Alzheimer’s disease in particular. Increased oxidative stress in the brain is suggested to be associated with aging, greater amounts of easily oxidizable unsaturated fatty acids, higher utilization of oxygen by the brain, mitochondrial-derived free radicals, calcium homeostasis, and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Moreover, environmental chemicals/toxins, heavy metals, and an imbalanced diet might increase oxidative stress potentially leading to a decrease in cognitive functions. Cellular health is also dependent on the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). It has been well documented that NAD+ is an important coenzyme for over 400 different oxidoreductases and turns out to be a relevant factor to the oxidative stress in the brain. Since the last two decades, NAD+ has been shown to be more than a mere regulator of metabolism, but rather may play a key role in the aging process. NAD+ along with sirtuins are important for various neurophysiological functions, and depletion of NAD+ may be associated with compromised physiological and cognitive functions. To protect the brain from oxidative stress, a modest endogenous protective system works in the brain through dedicated enzymatic machinery. Key enzymes are superoxide dismutase and catalase, which provide protection against oxidative stress. Aging, various neurological disorders, and chronic inflammation might also affect the levels of these protective enzymes and reduce their levels. Natural compounds, including polyphenols, can offer protection through NAD+ and various other mechanisms. Based on these factors it is becoming more and more clear that oxidative stress and its devastating effects on cognitive decline represents a major health issue in neurobiology. There is a need to identify potential compounds and therapeutic targets for mitigating oxidative stress and/or to strengthen the protective endogenous mechanisms. Novel approaches aiming to support and provide protective mechanisms in the brain will represent a great success in therapeutics. We welcome all article types focusing on the analysis and investigation of oxidative stress - originated from different sources - and its impairing effects on the brain. We will also accept studies investigating naturally occurring compounds, standard medications, and nutraceuticals that have an impact on oxidative stress, NAD+ metabolism and medical and health applications. For this, the aim of this Research Topic is to provide novel insights on oxidative stress (induced by any mechanism) impact on brain health, and on the strengthening of brain-protective mechanisms, supporting cognitive functions.

Author : Pawan Kumar Maurya,Imteyaz Qamar
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2022-02-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323909068

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Novel Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Oxidative Stress by Pawan Kumar Maurya,Imteyaz Qamar Pdf

Novel Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Oxidative Stress investigates the role of oxidative stress in disease and explores the latest methods and approaches to targeting oxidative stress for treatment and diagnosis. The book begins with an introduction to oxidative stress and its significance. Subsequent sections cover biochemical methods for detecting free radicals and novel therapeutic approaches for targeting oxidative stress in a number of different diseases. This includes age-related illnesses, neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Novel approaches for targeting oxidative stress in cancer and cardiovascular diseases are also explored. The book then moves on to discuss advances in drug delivery systems and detecting oxidative stress biomarkers using biosensors. It concludes with case studies that illustrate the targeting of oxidative stress and future perspectives. Explores oxidative stress in a variety of diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, age-related diseases, and cancer Covers a range of therapeutic approaches to target oxidative stress Includes chapters on the application of novel drug delivery systems and diagnostic biosensors to oxidative stress Features case studies illustrating the targeting of oxidative stress

Author : David R. Riddle
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2007-04-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1420005529

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Brain Aging by David R. Riddle Pdf

Recognition that aging is not the accumulation of disease, but rather comprises fundamental biological processes that are amenable to experimental study, is the basis for the recent growth of experimental biogerontology. As increasingly sophisticated studies provide greater understanding of what occurs in the aging brain and how these changes occur

Author : G. Ali Qureshi,S. Hasan Parvez
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 794 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2007-03-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080489494

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Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Disorders by G. Ali Qureshi,S. Hasan Parvez Pdf

Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance in pro-oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis that leads to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Brain cells are continuously exposed to reactive oxygen species generated by oxidative metabolism, and in certain pathological conditions defense mechanisms against oxygen radicals may be weakened and/or overwhelmed. DNA is a potential target for oxidative damage, and genomic damage can contribute to neuropathogenesis. It is important therefore to identify tools for the quantitative analysis of DNA damage in models on neurological disorders. This book presents detailed information on various neurodegenerative disorders and their connection with oxidative stress. This information will provide clinicians with directions to treat these disorders with appropriate therapy and is also of vital importance for the drug industries for the design of new drugs for treatment of degenerative disorders. * Contains the latest information on the subject of neurodegenerative disorders * Reflects on various factors involved in degeneration and gives suggestions for how to tackle these problems

Author : Javier Egea,Carmen Gomez-Guerrero,Águeda González Rodríguez,Juan Antonio Moreno
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2020-01-02
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889633166

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Role of Nrf2 in Disease: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches by Javier Egea,Carmen Gomez-Guerrero,Águeda González Rodríguez,Juan Antonio Moreno Pdf

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Preventing Dementia and Cognitive Impairment
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2017-10-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309459594

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Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Preventing Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Pdf

Societies around the world are concerned about dementia and the other forms of cognitive impairment that affect many older adults. We now know that brain changes typically begin years before people show symptoms, which suggests a window of opportunity to prevent or delay the onset of these conditions. Emerging evidence that the prevalence of dementia is declining in high-income countries offers hope that public health interventions will be effective in preventing or delaying cognitive impairments. Until recently, the research and clinical communities have focused primarily on understanding and treating these conditions after they have developed. Thus, the evidence base on how to prevent or delay these conditions has been limited at best, despite the many claims of success made in popular media and advertising. Today, however, a growing body of prevention research is emerging. Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Way Forward assesses the current state of knowledge on interventions to prevent cognitive decline and dementia, and informs future research in this area. This report provides recommendations of appropriate content for inclusion in public health messages from the National Institute on Aging.

Author : Colin R. Martin,Victor R. Preedy
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 1260 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2014-12-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780124079397

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Diet and Nutrition in Dementia and Cognitive Decline by Colin R. Martin,Victor R. Preedy Pdf

Diet and Nutrition in Dementia and Cognitive Decline offers researchers and clinicians a single authoritative source which outlines the complex interrelationships between cognitive decline, dementia and the way diet can be modified to improve outcomes. In a cross-disciplinary field like dementia research and practice, clinicians and researchers need a comprehensive resource which will quickly help them identify a range of nutritional components and how they affect cognitive decline and the development of dementia. While the focus is on clinical applications, the book also features landmark and innovative preclinical studies that have served as the foundation of rigorous trials. Chapters explore the evidence of how nutritional components, either in the diet or supplements, can either impede the development to, or progression from, the onset of dementia. Authors investigate how conditions and processes overlap between defined conditions and present studies which show that dietary components may be equally effective in a number of conditions characterized by declining cognition or dementia. This book represents essential reading for researchers and practicing clinicians in nutrition, dietetics, geriatrics, nursing, neurology, and psychology, as well as researchers, such as neuroscientists, molecular and cellular biochemists, interested in dementia. Explores the complex interrelationships between cognitive decline, dementia and the way diet can be modified to improve outcomes Focuses on both clinical nutrition applications and the innovative preclinical studies that serve as the foundation for rigorous trials Covers specific conditions and mechanisms in dementias, as well as general aspects, risk factors, lifestyle and guidelines for practitioners Organizes chapter content in terms of the molecular, mechanistic, epidemiologic, and practical, so that correlations can be observed across conditions

Author : Peter Riederer,Gerd Laux,Toshiharu Nagatsu,Weidong Le,Christian Riederer
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 4652 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2022-11-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030620592

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NeuroPsychopharmacotherapy by Peter Riederer,Gerd Laux,Toshiharu Nagatsu,Weidong Le,Christian Riederer Pdf

This book provides a reference guide describing the current status of medication in all major psychiatric and neurological indications, together with comparisons of pharmacological treatment strategies in clinical settings in Europe, USA, Japan and China. In addition, it highlights herbal medicine as used in China and Japan, as well as complementary medicine and nutritional aspects. This novel approach offers international readers a global approach in a single dedicated publication and is also a valuable resource for anyone interested in comparing treatments for psychiatric disorders in three different cultural areas. There are three volumes devoted to Basic Principles and General Aspects, offering a general overview of psychopharmacotherapy (Vol. 1); Classes, Drugs and Special Aspects covering the role of psychotropic drugs in the field of psychiatry and neurology (Vol. 2) and Applied Psychopharmacotherapy focusing on applied psychopharmacotherapy (Vol. 3). These books are invaluable to psychiatrists, neurologists, neuroscientists, medical practitioners and clinical psychologists.

Author : Cristina M. Sena,Raquel Seiça,George Perry
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-21
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889630585

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Oxidative Stress Revisited - Major Role in Vascular Diseases by Cristina M. Sena,Raquel Seiça,George Perry Pdf

Oxidative stress is an underlying factor in health and disease. Reactive oxygen species are produced as a result of normal cellular metabolism. The subsequent altered redox state between the formation and the neutralization of pro-oxidants results in their increased levels and therefore leads to cellular damage. Different research disciplines have increased our knowledge of the importance of this cell redox status and the recognition of oxidative stress as a process with implications for many pathophysiological states. Genetic and environmental factors, nutrition and lifestyle may indicate a pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory state, linked to alterations in cellular structure and function. Oxidative stress emerges as a common, unifying factor in several conditions including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This eBook aims to provide novel data regarding the role played by oxidative stress and inflammation in the development of chronic diseases and the different classes of therapeutics from the bench to the clinic, stressing the awareness of these concepts for the treatment of disease. In addition, articles addressing an overview of the role of oxidative stress in vascular diseases reviewing some current concepts indicating that oxidative stress and inflammation are key mechanisms linking vascular diseases and current state-of-the-art approaches to monitor, prevent and inhibit oxidative stress will be highlighted. There is a close relation between oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the great amount of investigation carried out in the field, there are still uncertainties about the mechanisms by which free radicals can modify tissues such as perivascular adipose tissue that ultimately will reflect on vascular function. This eBook will focus on articles that can explore and identify these mechanisms. Concurrent with this understanding of oxidative stress milieu, it is necessary to recognize the need for new pharmacological tools effective in restoring oxidative balance. The abundance of new information and the paradigm shift in our understanding of how antioxidants and other redox-active drugs work in a wide variety of vascular diseases will be specifically highlighted. This eBook will provide a comprehensive, up-to-date source of information on the design and mechanistic, pharmacological, and medicinal aspects of redox-active therapeutics. Finally, a unique feature of the eBook is to provide a way to foster an enthralling discussion revisiting old paradigms and finding new solutions for the treatment of vascular diseases. The topic will include original research articles, hypotheses, perspectives and (mini)reviews from experts in the field. The next decade shows promise for the translation of this body of knowledge to novel human therapeutics and this eBook will enable to increment our knowledge in this field.

Author : United Nations
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2021-01-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9211483476

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World Population Ageing 2020 Highlights by United Nations Pdf

Drawing on the Household Living Arrangements of Older Persons 2019 Dataset, the World Population Ageing 2020 Highlights will document key patterns and trends of the household living arrangements of older persons around the world. These levels or trends will be described using indicators such as the average number of persons per household, the distribution of older persons by household type, by type of living arrangement and select characteristics of heads of household. The report will also address the impact of living arrangements of older persons on their vulnerability to the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. It will conclude with a brief discussion of global and regional trends in policies on population ageing based on the most recently available data from the United Nations Inquiry among Governments on Population and Development (2019).

Author : Manfred Gerlach,Jürgen Deckert,Kay Double,Eleni Koutsilieri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2007-12-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783211735749

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Neuropsychiatric Disorders by Manfred Gerlach,Jürgen Deckert,Kay Double,Eleni Koutsilieri Pdf

This multidisciplinary book includes current research papers and reviews in the areas of basic neuroscience, neural mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders. It further includes new approaches for neuroprotective treatments, clinical, neurobiological and treatment aspects of psychiatric disorders. The book was conceived as a celebration of the professional life and work of Peter Riederer to mark the occasion of his retirement.

Author : José Juan Antonio Ibarra Arias
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789815039481

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Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – Dementia: Volume 2 by José Juan Antonio Ibarra Arias Pdf

Among neurodegenerative diseases, those that lead to a state of dementia are the aim of several investigations. Dementia is a chronic disease the prevalence of which is increasing worldwide. The number of dementia patients in the world is approximately 50 million, and it is estimated that the number of patients will reach 131.5 million by 2050. This increase will be accompanied by a significant increase in medical expenditures and other expenses, especially for elderly patients. Therefore, the maintenance cost of dementia in the future is expected to be quite high. For this reason, several investigations aim, firstly, to describe the key mechanisms involved in the origin of dementia and, secondly, to establish preventive and therapeutic strategies in order to understand and mitigate this debilitating pathology. This volume of Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Dementia explores the current comorbidities that cause cognitive impairment and the current management alternatives for clinical cases of dementia. The reviews contributed in these volume will provide readers with a current perspective on the subject. The topics covered in this volume include: - Comorbidities inducing mild cognitive impairment - an evaluation of the risk caused by some pathological conditions - Tau-targeted therapy in Alzheimer's disease - history and current state - Emerging nanotherapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's disease - Implication of dehydroepiandrosterone on dementia related to oxidative stress - Polyphenol compounds as potential therapeutic agents in Alzheimer’s disease The volume is a timely update on dementia treatment for clinical physicians, neurologists, gerontologists, pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry researchers, and physiologists.

Author : Shamim I. Ahmad
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2012-03-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461406532

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Neurodegenerative Diseases by Shamim I. Ahmad Pdf

The editor of this volume, having research interests in the field of ROS production and the damage to cellular systems, has identified a number of enzymes showing ·OH scavenging activities details of which are anticipated to be published in the near future as confirmatory experiments are awaited. It is hoped that the information presented in this book on NDs will stimulate both expert and novice researchers in the field with excellent overviews of the current status of research and pointers to future research goals. Clinicians, nurses as well as families and caregivers should also benefit from the material presented in handling and treating their specialised cases. Also the insights gained should be valuable for further understanding of the diseases at molecular levels and should lead to development of new biomarkers, novel diagnostic tools and more effective therapeutic drugs to treat the clinical problems raised by these devastating diseases.

Author : Guoku Hu,Huangui Xiong,Shilpa Buch
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 654 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2024-03-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780323997454

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HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders by Guoku Hu,Huangui Xiong,Shilpa Buch Pdf

HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Manifestations is a comprehensive volume on the field of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) as well as its associated comorbidities. Covering clinical manifestations as well as molecular and cellular mechanisms, this book discusses available macaque and rodent animal models of HAND, epigenetic regulation, and signaling pathways underlying symptoms. Chapters also cover prevention and therapeutic strategies, as well as diagnosis and biomarkers associated with disease outcomes. This volume is appropriate for basic research and clinical investigators working in the area of HIV-1 infection. Provides an in-depth exploration of the clinical manifestations of HAND and its comorbidities Includes detailed assessments of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying HAND symptoms Examines animal models for studying HAND, including macaque and rodent models Presents insights into epigenetic regulation and signaling pathways implicated in HAND Covers prevention, therapeutic strategies, and diagnostic approaches

Author : Yi Zeng,Eileen M. Crimmins,Yves Carrière,Jean-Marie Robine
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2006-08-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781402040320

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Longer Life and Healthy Aging by Yi Zeng,Eileen M. Crimmins,Yves Carrière,Jean-Marie Robine Pdf

A fundamental issue facing the global community is meeting the challenges of population aging and achieving healthy aging to maintain an active older population and reduce the number of disabled people. The focus of this book is on theoretical issues and empirical findings related to trends and determinants of healthy aging, including factors related to "healthy longevity" of the oldest-old, aged 80 and over. The group is the most rapidly increasing elderly sub-population and is most likely to need assistance in daily living in all countries. Chapters include both longitudinal and cross-sectional data from North America, Europe, and Asia in country-specific studies and cross-national comparisons. Part I focuses on the definition, components, concepts, measurements, and determinants of healthy aging, and discusses the trends and patterns of disability and healthy life expectancy at the macro level. Part II addresses individual healthy aging, including its biological and socio-demographic aspects. Part III focuses on issues concerning the family and healthy aging, and Part IV explores formal and informal care for healthy aging through governmental policy interventions and community service programs.