From Religious Empires To Secular States

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From Religious Empires to Secular States

Birol Başkan
From Religious Empires to Secular States Book PDF

Author : Birol Başkan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2014-03-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317802037

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From Religious Empires to Secular States by Birol Başkan Pdf

In the 1920s and the 1930s, Turkey, Iran and Russia vehemently pursued state-secularizing reforms, but adopted different strategies in doing so. But why do states follow different secularizing strategies? The literature has already shattered the illusion that secularization of the state has been a unilinear, homogeneous and universal process, and has convincingly shown that secularization of the state has unfolded along different paths. Much, however, remains to be uncovered. This book provides an in-depth comparative historical analysis of state secularization in three major Eurasian countries: Turkey, Iran and Russia. To capture the aforementioned variation in state secularization across three countries that have been hitherto analyzed as separate studies, Birol Başkan adopts three modes of state secularization: accommodationism, separationism and eradicationism. Focusing thematically on the changing relations between the state and religious institutions, Başkan brings together a host of factors, historical, strategic and structural, to account for why Turkey adopted accommodationism, Iran separationism and Russia eradicationism. In doing so, he expertly demonstrates that each secularization strategy was a rational response to the strategic context the reformers found themselves in.

From Religious Empires to Secular States

Birol Başkan
From Religious Empires to Secular States Book PDF

Author : Birol Başkan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2014-03-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317802044

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From Religious Empires to Secular States by Birol Başkan Pdf

In the 1920s and the 1930s, Turkey, Iran and Russia vehemently pursued state-secularizing reforms, but adopted different strategies in doing so. But why do states follow different secularizing strategies? The literature has already shattered the illusion that secularization of the state has been a unilinear, homogeneous and universal process, and has convincingly shown that secularization of the state has unfolded along different paths. Much, however, remains to be uncovered. This book provides an in-depth comparative historical analysis of state secularization in three major Eurasian countries: Turkey, Iran and Russia. To capture the aforementioned variation in state secularization across three countries that have been hitherto analyzed as separate studies, Birol Başkan adopts three modes of state secularization: accommodationism, separationism and eradicationism. Focusing thematically on the changing relations between the state and religious institutions, Başkan brings together a host of factors, historical, strategic and structural, to account for why Turkey adopted accommodationism, Iran separationism and Russia eradicationism. In doing so, he expertly demonstrates that each secularization strategy was a rational response to the strategic context the reformers found themselves in.

Secular States and Religious Diversity

Bruce J. Berman,Rajeev Bhargava,André Laliberté
Secular States and Religious Diversity Book PDF

Author : Bruce J. Berman,Rajeev Bhargava,André Laliberté
Publisher : UBC Press
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-10-25
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780774825153

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Secular States and Religious Diversity by Bruce J. Berman,Rajeev Bhargava,André Laliberté Pdf

Nation-states have seen the rise of religious pluralism within their borders, brought about by global migration and the challenge of radical religious movements. This book explores the meaning of secularism and religious freedom in these new contexts. The contributors chart the impact of globalization, the varying forms of secularism in Western states, and the different kinds of relations between states and religious institutions in the historical traditions and contemporary politics of Islamic, Indic, and Chinese societies. They also examine the limitations and dilemmas of governmental responses to unprecedented diversity, and grapple with the question of how secular states deal (and should deal) with such pluralism.

Negotiating the Secular and the Religious in the German Empire

Rebekka Habermas
Negotiating the Secular and the Religious in the German Empire Book PDF

Author : Rebekka Habermas
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9781789201529

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Negotiating the Secular and the Religious in the German Empire by Rebekka Habermas Pdf

With its rapid industrialization, modernization, and gradual democratization, Imperial Germany has typically been understood in secular terms. However, religion and religious actors actually played crucial roles in the history of the Kaiserreich, a fact that becomes particularly evident when viewed through a transnational lens. In this volume, leading scholars of sociology, religious studies, and history study the interplay of secular and religious worldviews beyond the simple interrelation of practices and ideas. By exploring secular perspectives, belief systems, and rituals in a transnational context, they provide new ways of understanding how the borders between Imperial Germany’s secular and religious spheres were continually made and remade.

Islam and the Secular State

Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im
Islam and the Secular State Book PDF

Author : Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2010-03-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780674033764

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Islam and the Secular State by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im Pdf

What should be the place of Shari‘a—Islamic religious law—in predominantly Muslim societies of the world? In this ambitious and topical book, a Muslim scholar and human rights activist envisions a positive and sustainable role for Shari‘a, based on a profound rethinking of the relationship between religion and the secular state in all societies. An-Na‘im argues that the coercive enforcement of Shari‘a by the state betrays the Qur’an’s insistence on voluntary acceptance of Islam. Just as the state should be secure from the misuse of religious authority, Shari‘a should be freed from the control of the state. State policies or legislation must be based on civic reasons accessible to citizens of all religions. Showing that throughout the history of Islam, Islam and the state have normally been separate, An-Na‘im maintains that ideas of human rights and citizenship are more consistent with Islamic principles than with claims of a supposedly Islamic state to enforce Shari‘a. In fact, he suggests, the very idea of an “Islamic state” is based on European ideas of state and law, and not Shari‘a or the Islamic tradition. Bold, pragmatic, and deeply rooted in Islamic history and theology, Islam and the Secular State offers a workable future for the place of Shari‘a in Muslim societies.

The Making of Indian Secularism

N. Chatterjee
The Making of Indian Secularism Book PDF

Author : N. Chatterjee
Publisher : Springer
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2011-01-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780230298088

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The Making of Indian Secularism by N. Chatterjee Pdf

A unique study of how a deeply religious country like India acquired the laws and policies of a secular state, highlighting the contradictory effects of British imperial policies, the complex role played by Indian Christians, and how this highly divided community shaped its own identity and debated that of their new nation.

Islam and the Secular State

Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im
Islam and the Secular State Book PDF

Author : Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2010-03-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 0674027760

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Islam and the Secular State by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im Pdf

What should be the place of Shari‘a—Islamic religious law—in predominantly Muslim societies of the world? In this ambitious and topical book, a Muslim scholar and human rights activist envisions a positive and sustainable role for Shari‘a, based on a profound rethinking of the relationship between religion and the secular state in all societies. An-Na‘im argues that the coercive enforcement of Shari‘a by the state betrays the Qur’an’s insistence on voluntary acceptance of Islam. Just as the state should be secure from the misuse of religious authority, Shari‘a should be freed from the control of the state. State policies or legislation must be based on civic reasons accessible to citizens of all religions. Showing that throughout the history of Islam, Islam and the state have normally been separate, An-Na‘im maintains that ideas of human rights and citizenship are more consistent with Islamic principles than with claims of a supposedly Islamic state to enforce Shari‘a. In fact, he suggests, the very idea of an “Islamic state” is based on European ideas of state and law, and not Shari‘a or the Islamic tradition. Bold, pragmatic, and deeply rooted in Islamic history and theology, Islam and the Secular State offers a workable future for the place of Shari‘a in Muslim societies.

Empire and Progress in the Victorian Secularist Movement

Patrick J. Corbeil
Empire and Progress in the Victorian Secularist Movement Book PDF

Author : Patrick J. Corbeil
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9783030852023

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Empire and Progress in the Victorian Secularist Movement by Patrick J. Corbeil Pdf

This book is the first extensive historical analysis of the relationship between empire and the Victorian secularist movement. Historians have paid little attention to the role of empire in the development of organized free thought. Secularism as it developed in Britain and its settler colonies was an overtly outward-looking, global ideology in a period marked by the rise of scientific rationalism and belief in the logic of a European civilizing mission. Recent scholarship has focused on how the empire influenced British and American atheists on the question of race. What is missing is an in-depth examination of the formation of secularist ideas about universal progress, ethics, and secular morality. Through an examination of the secularist periodical and pamphlet press, this book argues that the religious diversity of the British Empire helped to shape the ethical worldview of the secularists, providing ammunition for their critiques of Christian morality and the church and justification for their policy reform proposals both in Britain and the colonies.

The Development of Secularism in Turkey

Niyazi Berkes
The Development of Secularism in Turkey Book PDF

Author : Niyazi Berkes
Publisher : C. HURST & CO. PUBLISHERS
Page : 574 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Islam and state
ISBN : 1850653496

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The Development of Secularism in Turkey by Niyazi Berkes Pdf

Examining the transformation of Turkey from a traditional to a secular state, this text covers such topics as: the economic and political impact of the West; constitutional absolutism; the secularism of the Mesrutiyet; the birth of a nation under fire; and the secularism of the Kemalist regime.

Secular Conversions

Damon Mayrl
Secular Conversions Book PDF

Author : Damon Mayrl
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107103719

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Secular Conversions by Damon Mayrl Pdf

This book reveals how taken-for-granted political structures have shaped the fate of religion in Australian and American public life.

A History of State and Religion in India

Ian Copland,Ian Mabbett,Asim Roy,Kate Brittlebank,Adam Bowles
A History of State and Religion in India Book PDF

Author : Ian Copland,Ian Mabbett,Asim Roy,Kate Brittlebank,Adam Bowles
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9781136459504

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A History of State and Religion in India by Ian Copland,Ian Mabbett,Asim Roy,Kate Brittlebank,Adam Bowles Pdf

Offering the first long-duration analysis of the relationship between the state and religion in South Asia, this book looks at the nature and origins of Indian secularism. It interrogates the proposition that communalism in India is wholly a product of colonial policy and modernisation, questions whether the Indian state has generally been a benign, or disruptive, influence on public religious life, and evaluates the claim that the region has spawned a culture of practical toleration. The book is structured around six key arenas of interaction between state and religion: cow worship and sacrifice, control of temples and shrines, religious festivals and processions, proselytising and conversion, communal riots, and religious teaching/doctrine and family law. It offers a challenging argument about the role of the state in religious life in a historical continuum, and identifies points of similarity and contrast between periods and regimes. The book makes a significant contribution to the literature on South Asian History and Religion.

Religious Difference in a Secular Age

Saba Mahmood
Religious Difference in a Secular Age Book PDF

Author : Saba Mahmood
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2015-11-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780691153285

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Religious Difference in a Secular Age by Saba Mahmood Pdf

How secular governance in the Middle East is making life worse—not better—for religious minorities The plight of religious minorities in the Middle East is often attributed to the failure of secularism to take root in the region. Religious Difference in a Secular Age challenges this assessment by examining four cornerstones of secularism—political and civil equality, minority rights, religious freedom, and the legal separation of private and public domains. Drawing on her extensive fieldwork in Egypt with Coptic Orthodox Christians and Bahais—religious minorities in a predominantly Muslim country—Saba Mahmood shows how modern secular governance has exacerbated religious tensions and inequalities rather than reduced them. Tracing the historical career of secular legal concepts in the colonial and postcolonial Middle East, she explores how contradictions at the very heart of political secularism have aggravated and amplified existing forms of Islamic hierarchy, bringing minority relations in Egypt to a new historical impasse. Through a close examination of Egyptian court cases and constitutional debates about minority rights, conflicts around family law, and controversies over freedom of expression, Mahmood invites us to reflect on the entwined histories of secularism in the Middle East and Europe. A provocative work of scholarship, Religious Difference in a Secular Age challenges us to rethink the promise and limits of the secular ideal of religious equality.

The Origins of Secular Institutions

H. Zeynep Bulutgil
The Origins of Secular Institutions Book PDF

Author : H. Zeynep Bulutgil
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2022-01-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780197598443

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The Origins of Secular Institutions by H. Zeynep Bulutgil Pdf

An original theory and meticulous analysis of how advocates of political secularization emerged historically and why they succeeded in some contexts but not others. Why do some countries adopt secular institutions while others do not? In The Origins of Secular Institutions, Zeynep Bulutgil develops a theory that combines ideational and organizational mechanisms to explain how institutional secularization occurs. She first focuses on why political groups with a secularizing agenda emerge. Her argument is that the circulation of Enlightenment literature among the elite and associations through which the elite could exchange ideas were the main factors that influenced the early emergence of secularizing political movements. She then turns to the conditions under which these movements succeed. Secularizing political groups are at a comparative disadvantage when it comes to recruiting grassroots support because, unlike religious actors, they cannot rely on a pre-existing institutional structure. They become likely to overcome this obstacle if they have time to build a robust organization before religious political movements emerge. Bulutgil supports these arguments by combining statistical analysis of original historical data with comparative analysis of countries in Europe (France, Spain, The United Kingdom) and the Middle East/North Africa (Turkey, Morocco, and Tunisia). An authoritative explanation of why political secularization occurred in some countries but not others, this book will reshape our understanding of an issue of unsurpassed importance for over two centuries: the effects of modernity on politics.

Empire and Progress in the Victorian Secularist Movement

Patrick J. Corbeil
Empire and Progress in the Victorian Secularist Movement Book PDF

Author : Patrick J. Corbeil
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3030852032

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Empire and Progress in the Victorian Secularist Movement by Patrick J. Corbeil Pdf

This book is the first extensive historical analysis of the relationship between empire and the Victorian secularist movement. Historians have paid little attention to the role of empire in the development of organized free thought. Secularism as it developed in Britain and its settler colonies was an overtly outward-looking, global ideology in a period marked by the rise of scientific rationalism and belief in the logic of a European civilizing mission. Recent scholarship has focused on how the empire influenced British and American atheists on the question of race. What is missing is an in-depth examination of the formation of secularist ideas about universal progress, ethics, and secular morality. Through an examination of the secularist periodical and pamphlet press, this book argues that the religious diversity of the British Empire helped to shape the ethical worldview of the secularists, providing ammunition for their critiques of Christian morality and the church and justification for their policy reform proposals both in Britain and the colonies.

Challenging the Secular State

Arskal Salim
Challenging the Secular State Book PDF

Author : Arskal Salim
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2008-09-30
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780824832377

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Challenging the Secular State by Arskal Salim Pdf

Challenging the Secular State examines Muslim efforts to incorporate shari’a (religious law) into modern Indonesia’s legal system from the time of independence in 1945 to the present. The author argues that attempts to formally implement shari’a in Indonesia, the world’s most populous Muslim state, have always been marked by tensions between the political aspirations of proponents and opponents of shari’a and by resistance from the national government. As a result, although pro-shari’a movements have made significant progress in recent years, shari’a remains tightly confined within Indonesia’s secular legal system. The author first places developments in Indonesia within a broad historical and geographic context, offering a provocative analysis of the Ottoman empire’s millet system and thoughtful comparisons of different approaches to pro-shari’a movements in other Muslim countries (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan). He then describes early aspirations for the formal implementation of shari’a in Indonesia in the context of modern understandings of religious law as conflicting with the idea of the nation-state. Later chapters explore the efforts of Islamic parties in Indonesia to include shari’a in national law. Salim offers a detailed analysis of debates over the constitution and possible amendments to it concerning the obligation of Indonesian Muslims to follow Islamic law. A study of the Zakat Law illustrates the complicated relationship between the religious duties of Muslim citizens and the nonreligious character of the modern nation-state. Chapters look at how Islamization has deepened with the enactment of the Zakat Law and demonstrate the incongruities that have emerged from its implementation. The efforts of local Muslims to apply shari’a in particular regions are also discussed. Attempts at the Islamization of laws in Aceh are especially significant because it is the only province in Indonesia that has been allowed to move toward a shari’a-based system. The book concludes with a review of the profound conflicts and tensions found in the motivations behind Islamization.