Fundamentals Of Spherical Array Processing

Author : Boaz Rafaely
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3662456656

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Fundamentals of Spherical Array Processing by Boaz Rafaely Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of spherical microphone arrays. It is written for graduate students, researchers and engineers who work with spherical microphone arrays in a wide range of applications. The first two chapters provide the reader with the necessary mathematical and physical background, including an introduction to the spherical Fourier transform and the formulation of plane-wave sound fields in the spherical harmonic domain. The third chapter covers the theory of spatial sampling, employed when selecting the positions of microphones to sample sound pressure functions in space. Subsequent chapters present various spherical array configurations, including the popular rigid-sphere-based configuration. Beamforming (spatial filtering) in the spherical harmonics domain, including axis-symmetric beamforming, and the performance measures of directivity index and white noise gain are introduced, and a range of optimal beamformers for spherical arrays, including beamformers that achieve maximum directivity and maximum robustness, and the Dolph-Chebyshev beamformer are developed. The final chapter discusses more advanced beamformers, such as MVDR and LCMV, which are tailored to the measured sound field.

Author : Boaz Rafaely
Publisher : Springer
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2018-09-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319995618

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Fundamentals of Spherical Array Processing by Boaz Rafaely Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of spherical microphone arrays, and was written for graduate students, researchers and engineers who work with spherical microphone arrays in a wide range of applications. The new edition includes additions and modifications, and references supplementary Matlab code to provide the reader with a straightforward start for own implementations. The book is also accompanied by a Matlab manual, which explains how to implement the examples and simulations presented in the book. The first two chapters provide the reader with the necessary mathematical and physical background, including an introduction to the spherical Fourier transform and the formulation of plane-wave sound fields in the spherical harmonic domain. In turn, the third chapter covers the theory of spatial sampling, employed when selecting the positions of microphones to sample sound pressure functions in space. Subsequent chapters highlight various spherical array configurations, including the popular rigid-sphere-based configuration. Beamforming (spatial filtering) in the spherical harmonics domain, including axis-symmetric beamforming, and the performance measures of directivity index and white noise gain are introduced, and a range of optimal beamformers for spherical arrays, including those that achieve maximum directivity and maximum robustness are developed, along with the Dolph–Chebyshev beamformer. The final chapter discusses more advanced beamformers, such as MVDR (minimum variance distortionless response) and LCMV (linearly constrained minimum variance) types, which are tailored to the measured sound field. Mathworks kindly distributes the Matlab sources for this book on https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/68655-fundamentals-of-spherical-array-processing.

Author : Daniel P. Jarrett,Emanuël A.P. Habets,Patrick A. Naylor
Publisher : Springer
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319422114

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Theory and Applications of Spherical Microphone Array Processing by Daniel P. Jarrett,Emanuël A.P. Habets,Patrick A. Naylor Pdf

This book presents the signal processing algorithms that have been developed to process the signals acquired by a spherical microphone array. Spherical microphone arrays can be used to capture the sound field in three dimensions and have received significant interest from researchers and audio engineers. Algorithms for spherical array processing are different to corresponding algorithms already known in the literature of linear and planar arrays because the spherical geometry can be exploited to great beneficial effect. The authors aim to advance the field of spherical array processing by helping those new to the field to study it efficiently and from a single source, as well as by offering a way for more experienced researchers and engineers to consolidate their understanding, adding either or both of breadth and depth. The level of the presentation corresponds to graduate studies at MSc and PhD level. This book begins with a presentation of some of the essential mathematical and physical theory relevant to spherical microphone arrays, and of an acoustic impulse response simulation method, which can be used to comprehensively evaluate spherical array processing algorithms in reverberant environments. The chapter on acoustic parameter estimation describes the way in which useful descriptions of acoustic scenes can be parameterized, and the signal processing algorithms that can be used to estimate the parameter values using spherical microphone arrays. Subsequent chapters exploit these parameters including in particular measures of direction-of-arrival and of diffuseness of a sound field. The array processing algorithms are then classified into two main classes, each described in a separate chapter. These are signal-dependent and signal-independent beamforming algorithms. Although signal-dependent beamforming algorithms are in theory able to provide better performance compared to the signal-independent algorithms, they are currently rarely used in practice. The main reason for this is that the statistical information required by these algorithms is difficult to estimate. In a subsequent chapter it is shown how the estimated acoustic parameters can be used in the design of signal-dependent beamforming algorithms. This final step closes, at least in part, the gap between theory and practice.

Author : Shefeng Yan
Publisher : Springer
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811368028

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Broadband Array Processing by Shefeng Yan Pdf

This book describes the background and technology of array signal modeling. It presents the concept and formulation of beamformers and discusses several commonly used array performance measures. It also introduces two traditional types of beamformers: delay-and-sum and optimum beamformers. Chapter 1 includes background information on array processing, while Chapters 2 and 3 discuss the DFT-based frequency-domain implementation of a broadband beamformer and the design of subband beamformers for frequency-domain broadband beamformers. Chapter 4 presents the FIR-based, time-domain implementation of the broadband beamformer, where the FIR beamformer is designed by separately designing the subband beamformers and the corresponding FIR filters. The techniques for optimal design of the FIR beamformer are developed in Chapter 5, and Chapters 6 and 7 focus on the modal beamforming problem for circular arrays for the frequency-domain modal beamformer and the time-domain modal beamformer. Lastly, the final chapters present frequency-domain and time-domain modal beamformers for spherical arrays.

Author : Franz Zotter,Matthias Frank
Publisher : Springer
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2019-04-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030172077

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Ambisonics by Franz Zotter,Matthias Frank Pdf

This open access book provides a concise explanation of the fundamentals and background of the surround sound recording and playback technology Ambisonics. It equips readers with the psychoacoustical, signal processing, acoustical, and mathematical knowledge needed to understand the inner workings of modern processing utilities, special equipment for recording, manipulation, and reproduction in the higher-order Ambisonic format. The book comes with various practical examples based on free software tools and open scientific data for reproducible research. The book’s introductory section offers a perspective on Ambisonics spanning from the origins of coincident recordings in the 1930s to the Ambisonic concepts of the 1970s, as well as classical ways of applying Ambisonics in first-order coincident sound scene recording and reproduction that have been practiced since the 1980s. As, from time to time, the underlying mathematics become quite involved, but should be comprehensive without sacrificing readability, the book includes an extensive mathematical appendix. The book offers readers a deeper understanding of Ambisonic technologies, and will especially benefit scientists, audio-system and audio-recording engineers. In the advanced sections of the book, fundamentals and modern techniques as higher-order Ambisonic decoding, 3D audio effects, and higher-order recording are explained. Those techniques are shown to be suitable to supply audience areas ranging from studio-sized to hundreds of listeners, or headphone-based playback, regardless whether it is live, interactive, or studio-produced 3D audio material.

Author : Ville Pulkki,Symeon Delikaris-Manias,Archontis Politis
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2017-12-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119252597

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Parametric Time-Frequency Domain Spatial Audio by Ville Pulkki,Symeon Delikaris-Manias,Archontis Politis Pdf

A comprehensive guide that addresses the theory and practice of spatial audio This book provides readers with the principles and best practices in spatial audio signal processing. It describes how sound fields and their perceptual attributes are captured and analyzed within the time-frequency domain, how essential representation parameters are coded, and how such signals are efficiently reproduced for practical applications. The book is split into four parts starting with an overview of the fundamentals. It then goes on to explain the reproduction of spatial sound before offering an examination of signal-dependent spatial filtering. The book finishes with coverage of both current and future applications and the direction that spatial audio research is heading in. Parametric Time-frequency Domain Spatial Audio focuses on applications in entertainment audio, including music, home cinema, and gaming—covering the capturing and reproduction of spatial sound as well as its generation, transduction, representation, transmission, and perception. This book will teach readers the tools needed for such processing, and provides an overview to existing research. It also shows recent up-to-date projects and commercial applications built on top of the systems. Provides an in-depth presentation of the principles, past developments, state-of-the-art methods, and future research directions of spatial audio technologies Includes contributions from leading researchers in the field Offers MATLAB codes with selected chapters An advanced book aimed at readers who are capable of digesting mathematical expressions about digital signal processing and sound field analysis, Parametric Time-frequency Domain Spatial Audio is best suited for researchers in academia and in the audio industry.

Author : Jacob Benesty,Gongping Huang,Jingdong Chen,Ningning Pan
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031369742

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Microphone Arrays by Jacob Benesty,Gongping Huang,Jingdong Chen,Ningning Pan Pdf

This book explains the motivation for using microphone arrays as opposed to using a single sensor for sound acquisition. The book then goes on to summarize the most useful ideas, concepts, results, and new algorithms therein. The material presented in this work includes analysis of the advantages of using microphone arrays, including dimensionality reduction to remove the redundancy while preserving the variability of the array signals using the principal component analysis (PCA). The authors also discuss benefits such as beamforming with low-rank approximations, fixed, adaptive, and robust distortionless beamforming, differential beamforming, and a new form of binaural beamforming that takes advantage of both beamforming and human binaural hearing properties to improve speech intelligibility. The book makes the microphone array signal processing theory and applications available in a complete and self-contained text. The authors attempt to explain the main ideas in a clear and rigorous way so that the reader can easily capture the potentials, opportunities, challenges, and limitations of microphone array signal processing. This book is written for those who work on the topics of microphone arrays, noise reduction, speech enhancement, speech communication, and human-machine speech interfaces.

Author : Augusto Sarti,Sri Krishnan,Frederic Dufaux,Fulvio Gini,Wenwu Wang,Yonghui Li,Dirk Slock,Asoke Nandi
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2023-04-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9782832518694

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Frontiers in Signal Processing Editors’ Choice 2022 by Augusto Sarti,Sri Krishnan,Frederic Dufaux,Fulvio Gini,Wenwu Wang,Yonghui Li,Dirk Slock,Asoke Nandi Pdf

Author : Emmanuel Vincent,Tuomas Virtanen,Sharon Gannot
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 517 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119279891

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Audio Source Separation and Speech Enhancement by Emmanuel Vincent,Tuomas Virtanen,Sharon Gannot Pdf

Learn the technology behind hearing aids, Siri, and Echo Audio source separation and speech enhancement aim to extract one or more source signals of interest from an audio recording involving several sound sources. These technologies are among the most studied in audio signal processing today and bear a critical role in the success of hearing aids, hands-free phones, voice command and other noise-robust audio analysis systems, and music post-production software. Research on this topic has followed three convergent paths, starting with sensor array processing, computational auditory scene analysis, and machine learning based approaches such as independent component analysis, respectively. This book is the first one to provide a comprehensive overview by presenting the common foundations and the differences between these techniques in a unified setting. Key features: Consolidated perspective on audio source separation and speech enhancement. Both historical perspective and latest advances in the field, e.g. deep neural networks. Diverse disciplines: array processing, machine learning, and statistical signal processing. Covers the most important techniques for both single-channel and multichannel processing. This book provides both introductory and advanced material suitable for people with basic knowledge of signal processing and machine learning. Thanks to its comprehensiveness, it will help students select a promising research track, researchers leverage the acquired cross-domain knowledge to design improved techniques, and engineers and developers choose the right technology for their target application scenario. It will also be useful for practitioners from other fields (e.g., acoustics, multimedia, phonetics, and musicology) willing to exploit audio source separation or speech enhancement as pre-processing tools for their own needs.

Author : Rudolf Rabenstein,Maximilian Schäfer
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2023-07-24
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031265143

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Multidimensional Signals and Systems by Rudolf Rabenstein,Maximilian Schäfer Pdf

This book covers the theory of multidimensional signals and systems and related practical aspects. It extends the properties and mathematical tools of one-dimensional signals and systems to multiple dimensions and covers relevant timeless topics including multidimensional transformations, multidimensional sampling as well as discrete multidimensional systems. A special emphasis is placed on physical systems described by partial differential equations, the construction of suitable integral transformations and the implementation of the corresponding discrete-time algorithms. To this end, signal spaces and functional transformations are introduced at a mathematical level provided by undergraduate programs in engineering and science. The presentation takes a comprehensive, illustrative and educational approach without reference to a particular application field. Instead, the book builds a solid theoretical concept of multidimensional signals and systems and shows the application to various problems relevant for practical scenarios.

Author : Jiaxin Zhong,Xiaojun Qiu
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2024-08-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781040097694

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Acoustic Waves Generated by Parametric Array Loudspeakers by Jiaxin Zhong,Xiaojun Qiu Pdf

Parametric array loudspeakers (PALs) are capable of generating highly directional audio beams from nonlinear interactions of intense airborne ultrasound waves. This unique capability holds great potential in audio engineering. This book systematically introduces the physical principles of acoustics waves generated by PALs, along with the commonly used and the state-of-the-art numerical models, such as the Westervelt model, the convolution directivity model, the Gaussian beam expansion method, and the spherical wave expansion method. The properties of sound fields generated by PALs are analyzed. Also analyzed are various phenomena including the reflection of acoustics waves generated by PALs from a surface, transmission through a thin partition, scattering by a rigid sphere, and propagation in rooms. Furthermore, the steering and focusing of acoustics waves generated by PALs and potential applications of PALs in active sound control are investigated. Finally, the implementation issues of hardware, signal processing techniques, measurement, and safety are discussed. The book is tailored to meet the needs of researchers in this field, as well as audio practitioners and acoustics engineers.

Author : Brian F.G. Katz,Piotr Majdak
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2022-10-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781839690051

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Advances in Fundamental and Applied Research on Spatial Audio by Brian F.G. Katz,Piotr Majdak Pdf

Spatial audio is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field, as it is closely linked to advances in computer technology and digital signal processing. The democratization of virtual reality hardware available as consumer devices has moved the field further out of traditional laboratory research, and directly into applied research targeting a wide range of consumers. Advances in Fundamental and Applied Research on Spatial Audio presents a collection of eight peer-reviewed chapters on this exciting area of research. The contributions are organized into three sections: “Acoustic Methodology”, “Perception”, and “Applications”, and cover a range of topics, addressing both headphone- and loudspeaker-based reproductions, offering both methodological overviews and specific case studies.

Author : Yannick Deville,Sharon Gannot,Russell Mason,Mark D. Plumbley,Dominic Ward
Publisher : Springer
Page : 580 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2018-06-05
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319937649

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Latent Variable Analysis and Signal Separation by Yannick Deville,Sharon Gannot,Russell Mason,Mark D. Plumbley,Dominic Ward Pdf

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Latent Variable Analysis and Signal Separation, LVA/ICA 2018, held in Guildford, UK, in July 2018.The 52 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 62 initial submissions. As research topics the papers encompass a wide range of general mixtures of latent variables models but also theories and tools drawn from a great variety of disciplines such as structured tensor decompositions and applications; matrix and tensor factorizations; ICA methods; nonlinear mixtures; audio data and methods; signal separation evaluation campaign; deep learning and data-driven methods; advances in phase retrieval and applications; sparsity-related methods; and biomedical data and methods.

Author : Vladimir M. Vishnevskiy
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031618352

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Distributed Computer and Communication Networks by Vladimir M. Vishnevskiy Pdf

Author : Bosun Xie
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 1130 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000642865

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Spatial Sound by Bosun Xie Pdf

Spatial sound is an enhanced and immersive set of audio techniques which provides sound in three-dimensional virtual space. This comprehensive handbook sets out the basic principles and methods with a representative group of applications: sound field and spatial hearing; principles and analytic methods of various spatial sound systems, including two-channel stereophonic sound, and multichannel horizontal and spatial surround sound; ambisonics; wavefield synthesis; binaural playback and virtual auditory display; recording and synthesis, and storage and transmission of spatial sound signals; and objective and subjective evaluation. Applications range from cinemas to small mobile devices. The only book to review spatial sound principles and applications extensively Covers the whole field of spatial sound The book suits researchers, graduate students, and specialist engineers in acoustics, audio, and signal processing.