Gender Equality In The Labor Market In The Philippines

Author : Asian Development Bank
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9292544039

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Gender Equality in the Labor Market in the Philippines by Asian Development Bank Pdf

This report analyzes gender equality in the labor market and related policies and legislation in the Philippines, and concludes with recommendations to promote gender equality. Key mechanisms for attaining inclusive growth for women requires expanding employment opportunities and decent work outcomes for women to promote gender equality in labor markets. Economic growth in the Philippines, however, has not translated into sufficient employment growth and the employment growth has not been inclusive for women. Generally speaking, there has been little improvement in gender equality in the labor market, as measured by the share of women in waged employment in the nonagriculture sector. In the Philippines, the estimated proportion of women's annual earnings to men's annual earnings stands at less than 60%. However, employment growth alone is not sufficient to judge whether there is inclusive growth, especially in low-income countries where there is significant underemployment and a large informal employment sector. Gender inequality in the labor market is ascertained here by reference to seven gender gaps (or deficits for women): labor force participation, human capital, the unpaid domestic and care work burden, vulnerable employment, wage employment, decent work, and social protection. Despite a variety of gender-responsive legal and policy initiatives, an assessment of the labor market in the Philippines reveals that although some gender gaps have been reduced, women still suffer from persistent gender deficits.

Author : Robyn Layton,Fiona MacPhail
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 123 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Labor market
ISBN : 9292543628

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Gender Equality and the Labor Market by Robyn Layton,Fiona MacPhail Pdf

Author : Asian Development Bank,International Labour Office
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2017-08-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789292579005

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Gender Equality and the Labor Market by Asian Development Bank,International Labour Office Pdf

The People's Republic of China (PRC) has made advances in narrowing gender gaps in its labor market. It has one of the highest female labor force participation rates in Asia and the Pacific at around 64% in 2013, and one of the narrowest earnings gender gaps. This study investigates how women are faring in the transition to the PRC's new growth model, and what can be done to promote women's participation. It shows how the PRC is undergoing multiple transitions that have implications for gender equality and work. For example, during the market transition, gender wage gaps and gender wage discrimination increased, reaching 33% in urban areas and 44% in rural areas. Find out how evidenced-based gender analysis can foster gender responsive policy approaches to promote women's equality in the labor market.

Author : Asian Development Bank
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9292544012

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Gender Equality in the Labor Market in Cambodia by Asian Development Bank Pdf

This report analyzes gender equality in the labor market and related policies and legislation in Cambodia, and concludes with recommendations to promote gender equality. Despite a decline in the gender gap in human capital, the gender gap in productive and decent work persists in Cambodia. The gender employment gap has a profound and compounding effect on women in the labor market, not only because they are subject to the deficits of less available work, more vulnerable work, and the unpaid work burden, but also because they are paid at a lower rate than men even when they do find work. The main constraints on women in the labor market are domestic work and care burdens, and women's more limited access to resources, including education, training, government services, credit, and financial services. Women also face pervasive discrimination and lack of social protection in most aspects of their employment and work. Cambodia faces the task of generating employment growth, reducing vulnerable employment, and improving decent work opportunities. This will require broad macroeconomic responses to expand employment opportunities, as well as policies and legislation to improve decent work, social protection, and active labor market support for men and women alike.

Author : Robyn Layton
Publisher : International Labour Office
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Pay equity
ISBN : UCBK:C113497557

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Good Global Legal Practices to Promote Gender Equality in the Labor Market by Robyn Layton Pdf

"Author, Robyn Layton"--Acknowledgments.

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2021-05-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513573779

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China's Rebalancing and Gender Inequality by International Monetary Fund Pdf

This paper examines gender inequality in the context of structural transformation and rebalancing in China. We document declining women's relative wages and labor force participation in China during the last two decades, despite rapid growth and expansion of the service sector. Using household data, we provide evidence consistent with a U-shaped relationship between economic development and women's labor market outcomes. Using a model of structural transformation, we show that labor market barriers for women have increased over time. Model counterfactuals suggest that removing these barriers and increasing service sector productivity can boost both gender equality and economic growth in China.

Author : Asian Development Bank
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2015-04-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789292549145

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Women in the Workforce by Asian Development Bank Pdf

Despite economic growth, decreasing fertility rates, and rising education levels, women in Asia are on average 70% less likely than men to be in the labor force, with the country-to-country percentage varying anywhere from 3% to 80%. Results of a new simulation model suggest that closing the gender gap could generate a 30% increase in the per capita income of a hypothetical average Asian economy in one generation. This report discusses the reasons behind the continuing gap in the labor force participation rate between women and men in Asia and the Pacific, the impact of this gap on economic growth, and policy lessons drawn from specific country experiences in the region and elsewhere in the world. The channels of gender inequality are so complex that policy interventions must go beyond economics to effectively address them. Such a multidimensional approach to reducing gender inequality could unleash a nation's full potential for inclusive growth and development.

Author : Sara Elder,International Labour Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9221233189

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Women in Labour Markets by Sara Elder,International Labour Office Pdf

Offers an analysis of 12 indicators from the ILO Key Indicators of the Labour Market database. The aim is to look for progress or lack of progress towards the goal of gender equality in the world of work and identify where and why blockages to labour market equity continue to exist. Focuses on the relationship of women to labour markets and compares employment outcomes for men and women to the best degree possible given the available labour market indicators.

Author : Kate Grantham,Gillian Dowie,Arjan de Haan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2021-03-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000340341

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Women's Economic Empowerment by Kate Grantham,Gillian Dowie,Arjan de Haan Pdf

This book investigates the barriers to women’s economic empowerment in the Global South. Drawing on evidence from a wide range of countries, the book outlines important lessons and practical solutions for promoting gender equality. Despite global progress in closing gender gaps in education and health, women’s economic empowerment has lagged behind, with little evidence that economic growth promotes gender equality. International Development Research Centre’s (IDRC) Growth and Economic Opportunities for Women (GrOW) programme was set up to provide policy lessons, insights, and concrete solutions that could lead to advances in gender equality, particularly on the role of institutions and macroeconomic growth, barriers to labour market access for women, and the impact of women’s care responsibilities. This book showcases rigorous and multi-disciplinary research emerging from this ground-breaking programme, covering topics such as the school-to-work transition, child marriage, unpaid domestic work and childcare, labour market segregation, and the power of social and cultural norms that prevent women from fully participating in better paid sectors of the economy. With a range of rich case studies from Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Kenya, Nepal, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Uganda, this book is perfect for students, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working on women’s economic empowerment and gender equality in the Global South.

Author : World Bank;World Trade Organization
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464815560

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Women and Trade by World Bank;World Trade Organization Pdf

Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.

Author : Paola Profeta
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2020-04-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108423359

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Gender Equality and Public Policy by Paola Profeta Pdf

This book offers a comprehensive and in-depth overview of how public policy is shaping gender equality in Europe.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : International Labour Organization
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789221193173

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Gender Equality Around the World by Anonim Pdf

The promotion of gender equality in the world of work is enshrined in the ILO constitution and is integral to its 'Decent Work Agenda'. This collection of articles highlight the way the agenda has been promoted and good practices in gender equality. The articles, all of which have been featured in the ILO's World of Work magazine from 1999 to present, are international in scope, covering such issues as women job seekers in Estonia, an innovative life-cycle approach to gender equality in Tanzania, and progressive policies on paternity leave in Norway.

Author : Raquel Fernández,Asel Isakova,Francesco Luna,Barbara Rambousek
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781513571164

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Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth by Raquel Fernández,Asel Isakova,Francesco Luna,Barbara Rambousek Pdf

This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes gender equality. Despite recent progress, gender gaps remain across all stages of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic outcomes for women. The roadmap to gender equality has to rely on legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access, and efforts to tackle entrenched social norms. These need to be set in the context of arising new trends such as digitalization, climate change, as well as shocks such as pandemics.

Author : Ata Can Bertay,Ljubica Dordevic,Can Sever
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2020-07-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781513546278

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Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Industry-Level Data by Ata Can Bertay,Ljubica Dordevic,Can Sever Pdf

We study whether higher gender equality facilitates economic growth by enabling better allocation of a valuable resource: female labor. By allocating female labor to its more productive use, we hypothesize that reducing gender inequality should disproportionately benefit industries with typically higher female share in their employment relative to other industries. Specifically, we exploit within-country variation across industries to test whether those that typically employ more women grow relatively faster in countries with ex-ante lower gender inequality. The test allows us to identify the causal effect of gender inequality on industry growth in value-added and labor productivity. Our findings show that gender inequality affects real economic outcomes.

Author : Purva Khera
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2018-10-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484379400

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Closing Gender Gaps in India: Does Increasing Womens’ Access to Finance Help? by Purva Khera Pdf

Gender gaps in womens’ economic opportunities—labor market and entrepreneurship—have remained high in India. Lack of adequate collateral limits women entrepreneurs’ ability to access formal finance, leaving them to rely on informal sources, constraining their growth. A small-open economy DSGE model is built to investigate the long-run macroeconomic impacts from closing gender gaps in financial access. Results suggest that an increase in women entrepreneurs access to formal credit results in higher female entrepreneurship and employment, which boosts India’s output by 1.6 percent. However, regulations and gender-specific constraints in the labor market limit potential gains as females’ access to quality jobs in the formal sector remains restricted. The paper shows that the factors influencing the number of females are different from those influencing the share of females in formal economic activity. Combining gender-targeted financial inclusion policies with policies that lower constraints on formal sector employment could boost India’s output by 6.8 percent.