Genetics And Epigenetics Of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Author : Feng C. Zhou,Stephen Mason
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2015-08-06
Category : Biology (General)
ISBN : 9782889195732

Get Book

Genetics and Epigenetics of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders by Feng C. Zhou,Stephen Mason Pdf

Women drinking during pregnancy can result in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), which may feature variable neurodevelopmental deficits, facial dysmorphology, growth retardation, and learning disabilities. Research suggests the human brain is precisely formed through an intrinsic, genetic-cellular expression that is carefully orchestrated by an epigenetic program. This program can be influenced by environmental inputs such as alcohol. Current research suggests the genetic and epigenetic elements of FASD are heavily intertwined and highly dependent on one another. As such, now is the time for investigators to combine genetic, genomic and epigenetic components of alcohol research into a centralized, accessible platform for discussion. Genetic analyses inform gene sets which may be vulnerable to alcohol exposure during early neurulation. Prenatal alcohol exposure indeed alters expression of gene subsets, including genes involved in neural specification, hematopoiesis, methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone variants, eye and heart development. Recently, quantitative genomic mapping has revealed loci (QTLs) that mediate alcohol-induced phenotypes identified between two alcohol-drinking mouse strains. One question to consider is (besides the role of dose and stage of alcohol exposure) why only 5% of drinking women deliver newborns diagnosed with FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)? Studies are ongoing to answer this question by characterizing genome-wide expression, allele-specific expression (ASE), gene polymorphisms (SNPs) and maternal genetic factors that influence alcohol vulnerability. Alcohol exposure during pregnancy, which can lead to FASD, has been used as a model to resolve the epigenetic pathway between environment and phenotype. Epigenetic mechanisms modify genetic outputs through alteration of 3D chromatin structure and accessibility of transcriptional machinery. Several laboratories have reported altered epigenetics, including DNA methylation and histone modification, in multiple models of FASD. During development DNA methylation is dynamic yet orchestrated in a precise spatiotemporal manner during neurulation and coincidental with neural differentiation. Alcohol can directly influence epigenetics through alterations of the methionine pathway and subsequent DNA or histone methylation/acetylation. Alcohol also alters noncoding RNA including miRNA and transposable elements (TEs). Evidence suggests that miRNA expression may mediate ethanol teratology, and TEs may be affected by alcohol through the alteration of DNA methylation at its regulatory region. In this manner, the epigenetic and genetic components of FASD are revealing themselves to be mechanistically intertwined. Can alcohol-induced epigenomic alterations be passed across generations? Early epidemiological studies have revealed infants with FASD-like features in the absence of maternal alcohol, where the fathers were alcoholics. Novel mechanisms for alcohol-induced phenotypes include altered sperm DNA methylation, hypomethylated paternal allele and heritable epimutations. These studies predict the heritability of alcohol-induced epigenetic abnormalities and gene functionality across generations. We opened a forum to researchers and investigators the field of FASD to discuss their insights, hypotheses, fresh data, past research, and future research themes embedded in this rising field of the genetics and epigenetics of FASD. This eBook is a product of the collective sharing and debate among researchers who have contributed or reviewed each subject.

Author : Edward P. Riley,Sterling Clarren,Joanne Weinberg,Egon Jonsson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2011-04-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783527632565

Get Book

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder by Edward P. Riley,Sterling Clarren,Joanne Weinberg,Egon Jonsson Pdf

Reflecting the recent increased public awareness of the topic, this is the first and most comprehensive resource for over a decade on the molecular basis, prevalence, treatment options, socioeconomic impact and prevention strategies of FADS. Edited by world-renowned experts, this compendium includes the latest research results to provide new insights and realistic estimations of FADS frequencies in Western communities. An invaluable resource for every professional dealing with the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of FADS, from researchers via health professionals to social workers.

Author : Albert E. Chudley,Geoff G. Hicks
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2022-09-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781071626139

Get Book

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder by Albert E. Chudley,Geoff G. Hicks Pdf

This volume provides current state-of-the-art methods for screening, diagnosis, management, and prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (and FASD). Chapters detail animal models, mechanism of ethanol teratogenesis, genetic mechanisms, clinical perspectives, physical traits in children with FASD, managing behavior, FASD and the correction system, nutritional influences aiding FASD prevention, prenatal alcohol screening, the use of dental signatures in FASD diagnosis, the experiences of FASD research and clinical practices in Australia, Canada, UK, USA, adult FASD diagnosis, FASD and children in care, FASD and the healing journey. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Advances in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder aims to be a useful practical guide to researchers and clinicians to help further their study in this field.

Author : Sushil Sharma
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
ISBN : 1536119458

Get Book

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders by Sushil Sharma Pdf

Alcoholism exerts a high genetic as well as epigenetic load and may be regarded as one of the most prevalent, identifiable, and preventable neuropsychiatric illnesses afflicting modern society today. Alcohol constituted 3.2% of all worldwide deaths in the year 2006 and is associated with >60 diseases, including foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), cancers, cardiovascular diseases, liver cirrhosis, neuropsychiatric disorders and life-threatening injuries. Fatal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a collective term representing foetal abnormalities associated with maternal alcohol abuse. FASD is a devastating developmental disorder resulting from alcohol exposure during foetal development. It is a considerable public health problem worldwide and is characterised by CNS abnormalities, dysmorphic facial features, and growth deficiency. Although it is well-established that intra-uterine alcohol exposure can lead to FASD, characterised by cognitive and behavioural impairments, alcohol abuse is still highly prevalent and contributes to a significant loss of economy and productivity throughout the entire world. Children with FASD become a serious and persistent socioeconomic burden to society, as they require specialised healthcare liabilities throughout their entire lives as a consequence of their parents irresponsible drinking behaviour. The primary aim of the inter-disciplinary and integrated genome research network (consisting of molecular biologists, psychopharmacologists, system biologists with mathematicians, human geneticists, and clinicians) is to better understand the genetics and epigenetics of alcohol addiction by identifying candidate genes and molecular mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of FASD, and to provide recommendations to the government and scientific community for global dissemination of emerging knowledge and implementation of FASD interventions. In this book the author has presented the novel concept of charnolopharmacology, which plays a crucial role in determining the life and death of the foetus during intrauterine foetal alcohol exposure (FAE). More specifically, it proposes mitochondrial bioenergetics-based charnolopharmacotherapeutics for personalised theranostics of FASD, involving diversified charnolopathies, embryopathies, and infertility; resulting in poor quality of life. Although several concepts, mechanisms and potential therapies have been proposed recently to overcome the deleterious consequences of FASD, the author has now proposed charnolopharmacotherapeutics, which is based on ethanol-induced compromised mitochondrial bioenergetics and the induction of charnolopathies initially in the spermatocyte and oocyte during the prezygotic phase, and subsequently in the neural progenitor cells (NPCs) during the post-zygotic phase of pregnancy. Hence, drugs inhibiting CB formation and/or augmenting charnolophagy as a basic molecular mechanism of intracellular detoxification during the acute phase, stabilising charnolophagosome and preventing charnolosome sequestration and budding during chronic phase, will have therapeutic potential in FASD embryopathies, which is elegantly described in this book. The most unique feature of this book is that it introduces original concepts of mitochondrial bioenergetics, genomics, and epigenomics to successfully manage FASD. Particularly, mitochondrial bioenergetics-based CB prevention/inhibition, charnolophagy induction, and charnolophagosome and charnolosome stabilisation are novel therapeutic targets for safe and effective clinical management of FASD. These concepts and mechanisms are based on several years of basic research and original discoveries by the author.

Author : John C. Carey,Suzanne B. Cassidy,Agatino Battaglia,David Viskochil
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1104 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2021-01-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119432678

Get Book

Cassidy and Allanson's Management of Genetic Syndromes by John C. Carey,Suzanne B. Cassidy,Agatino Battaglia,David Viskochil Pdf

MANAGEMENT OF GENETIC SYNDROMES THE MOST RECENT UPDATE TO ONE OF THE MOST ESSENTIAL REFERENCES ON MEDICAL GENETICS Cassidy and Allanson’s Management of Genetic Syndromes, Fourth Edition is the latest version of a classic text in medical genetics. With newly covered disorders and cutting-edge, up-to-date information, this resource remains the most crucial reference on the management of genetic syndromes in the field of medical genetics for students, clinicians, caregivers, and researchers. The fourth edition includes current information on the identification of genetic syndromes (including newly developed diagnostic criteria), the genetic basis (including diagnostic testing), and the routine care and management for more than 60 genetic disorders. Written by experts, each chapter includes sections on: Incidence Diagnostic criteria Etiology, pathogenesis and genetics Diagnostic testing Differential diagnosis Manifestations and Management (by system) The book focuses on genetic syndromes, primarily those involving developmental disabilities and congenital defects. The chapter sections dealing with Manifestations and Management represents the centerpiece of each entry and is unmatched by other genetic syndrome references. Management of Genetic Syndromes is perfect for medical geneticists, genetic counselors, primary care physicians and all healthcare professionals seeking to stay current on the routine care and management of individuals with genetic disorders.

Author : Raja A. S. Mukherjee,Neil Aiton
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 479 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030739669

Get Book

Prevention, Recognition and Management of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders by Raja A. S. Mukherjee,Neil Aiton Pdf

This book presents clinical assessment and management solutions for those people who are exposed to Alcohol in Pregnancy. Over the last few decades we have begun to understand the enduring effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the developing fetus. The consequence of prenatal alcohol exposure - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders is a lifelong disorder and affects children and adults. It is a condition which is significantly under-recognised for many reasons. Assessment and diagnosis requires the input of multiple different professionals, and referral pathways are often poorly developed or non-existent. Information to support and guide these professionals in practical ways, what to do and how to help, remains limited. This book seeks to fill some of that gap by offering professionals, clear and useable research-based information and guidance that will help in their practice whilst also being a useful resource for anyone new to this increasingly recognised area of work. The book is divided into four broad areas bringing together chapters authored by experts in their field including those with lived experiences. Part one focuses on presenting an overview of the condition, and approaching women about their alcohol use and risk followed by part two focusing more around diagnostic issues. Part three follows with management advice, and part four revolves around policy and health prevention in general. Each chapter is designed to offer insight but also practical tips and support in an accessible manner. The book offers an essential guide for a broad range of health and social care professionals working with this condition.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2023-04-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 0443186693

Get Book

Epigenetics in Health and Disease by Anonim Pdf

Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Volume 197 in the Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on An Introduction to epigenetics in health and disease, State-of-the-art techniques for epigenetics study, Computational biology in epigenetics, Artificial intelligence and machine learning in epigenetics, CRISPR-Cas systems in epigenetics modification for health, Mechanisms of DNA methylation and histone modifications, Non-coding RNA in epigenetics, Role of DNA Methylation in cardiovascular diseases, Role of epigenetics in renal diseases, and much more. Additional chapters update on Histone modifications in fat metabolism and obesity, Role of DNA methylation in diabetes and obesity, Epigenetic regulons in Alzheimer's disease, Epigenetics in heredity disease, Epigenetics of aging, Epigenetics in cancer development, diagnosis and therapy, Microbiota and epigenetics: health impact, Epigenetics in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum disorder, and much more.

Author : Sarah C. R. Elgin,Jerry L. Workman
Publisher : Frontiers in Molecular Biology
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Chromatin
ISBN : 019963890X

Get Book

Chromatin Structure and Gene Expression by Sarah C. R. Elgin,Jerry L. Workman Pdf

Since publication of the first edition in 1995, there have been significant advances and understanding of chromatin structure and its relation to gene expression. These include a high-resolution structure of the nucleosome core, discovery of the enzymes and complexes that mediate histone acetylation and deacetylation, discovery of novel ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, new insights into nuclear organization and epigenetic silencing mechanisms. In light of these advances, Chromatin Structure and Gene Expression (2ed.) includes updated chapters and additional material that introduce new concepts in the process of gene regulation in chromatin.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee to Study Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1996-04-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309176125

Get Book

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome by Institute of Medicine,Committee to Study Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Pdf

It sounds simple: Women who drink while pregnant may give birth to children with defects, so women should not drink during pregnancy. Yet in the 20 years since it was first described in the medical literature, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) has proved to be a stubborn problem, with consequences as serious as those of the more widely publicized "crack babies." This volume discusses FAS and other possibly alcohol-related effects from two broad perspectives: diagnosis and surveillance, and prevention and treatment. In addition, it includes several real-life vignettes of FAS children. The committee examines fundamental concepts for setting diagnostic criteria in general, reviews and updates the diagnostic criteria for FAS and related conditions, and explores current research findings and problems associated with FAS epidemiology and surveillance. In addition, the book describes an integrated multidisciplinary approach to research on the prevention and treatment of FAS. The committee Discusses levels of preventive intervention. Reviews available data about women and alcohol abuse and treatment among pregnant women. Explores the psychological and behavioral consequences of FAS at different ages. Examines the current state of knowledge about medical and therapeutic interventions, education efforts, and family support programs. This volume will be of special interest to physicians, nurses, mental health practitioners, school and public health officials, policymakers, researchers, educators, and anyone else involved in serving families and children, especially in high risk populations.

Author : Neal Halfon,Christopher B. Forrest,Richard M. Lerner,Elaine M. Faustman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 667 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2017-11-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319471433

Get Book

Handbook of Life Course Health Development by Neal Halfon,Christopher B. Forrest,Richard M. Lerner,Elaine M. Faustman Pdf

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. ​This handbook synthesizes and analyzes the growing knowledge base on life course health development (LCHD) from the prenatal period through emerging adulthood, with implications for clinical practice and public health. It presents LCHD as an innovative field with a sound theoretical framework for understanding wellness and disease from a lifespan perspective, replacing previous medical, biopsychosocial, and early genomic models of health. Interdisciplinary chapters discuss major health concerns (diabetes, obesity), important less-studied conditions (hearing, kidney health), and large-scale issues (nutrition, adversity) from a lifespan viewpoint. In addition, chapters address methodological approaches and challenges by analyzing existing measures, studies, and surveys. The book concludes with the editors’ research agenda that proposes priorities for future LCHD research and its application to health care practice and health policy. Topics featured in the Handbook include: The prenatal period and its effect on child obesity and metabolic outcomes. Pregnancy complications and their effect on women’s cardiovascular health. A multi-level approach for obesity prevention in children. Application of the LCHD framework to autism spectrum disorder. Socioeconomic disadvantage and its influence on health development across the lifespan. The importance of nutrition to optimal health development across the lifespan. The Handbook of Life Course Health Development is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians/professionals, and graduate students in developmental psychology/science; maternal and child health; social work; health economics; educational policy and politics; and medical law as well as many interrelated subdisciplines in psychology, medicine, public health, mental health, education, social welfare, economics, sociology, and law.

Author : Kieran D. O'Malley
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Alcohol
ISBN : 1594545731

Get Book

ADHD and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) by Kieran D. O'Malley Pdf

This multi-author book will discuss the history and clinical presentation of Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders(FASD) i.e Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND). These developmental neuropsychiatric disorders result from prenatal exposure to alcohol during any gestational period of pregnancy. The book will particularly address the co-occurring presence of ADHD in patients with FASD. ADHD is the most frequent neuropsychiatric presentation of FASD throughout the lifespan and it is particularly difficult to manage because the underlying pathophysiology is related to prenatal neurotoxic brain injury. Although prenatal alcohol exposure , and the resulting FASD, is recognised as the commonest preventable cause of intellectual disability, many clinicians and educators are not aware that 75 to 80% of the patients with FASD have I.Q.s over 70. Thus, the neuropsychiatric presentation of FASD can often be unrecognised or misunderstood. FASD are the true clinical ' masqueraders' and ADHD is their most likely disguise! The authors are all experienced professionals from a wide range of disciplines working throughout the USA and Canada. They have been involved in the diagnosis, research and management of FASD for many years and this book will bring their collective knowledge regarding management from infancy to adulthood to an inter-professional audience.

Author : M. Mohamed Essa,M. Walid Qoronfleh
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 700 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030304027

Get Book

Personalized Food Intervention and Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder Management by M. Mohamed Essa,M. Walid Qoronfleh Pdf

The book focuses on implications of traditional and processed foods for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) intervention and management. Numerous phytonutrients and pharmacologically active compounds in edible natural products and diet could influence and offer protection to neuronal dysfunction that occurs due to ASD. The neuroprotective effects of various fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds phytochemicals, and other natural bioactive ingredients against ASD and related conditions are discussed. Topics such as the possible neuroprotective mechanism of action of these foods and the therapeutic role of antioxidants in relation to ASD are addressed. This book also highlights the scope of using anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants to promote neurogenesis and improve other symptoms in ASD. It emphasizes personalized nutritional approaches with dietary management of neurodevelopmental disorders/ASD cases. Information in this book is relevant to researchers in the field of complementary and alternative medicine, nutraceuticals, neuroscience, agriculture, nutrition, and food science. This volume is beneficial to students of varying levels, and across multiple disciplines.

Author : Michael Fitzgerald,Jane Yip
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-04-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789535130796

Get Book

Autism by Michael Fitzgerald,Jane Yip Pdf

This book opens with a discussion of neurodiversity and an elaboration of the diagnosis of autism. It then examines factors correlating with autism, including sex bias, month of birth, migration and impact of infant feeding. The next section is on the impact of autism. The neurobiology and genetic section deals with epigenetics and intracellular pathways associated with etiology. The development and behaviour section deals with proprioceptive profiles and joint attention in autism. The final section focuses on interventions including mindfulness, animal assisted activity, social/cultural perspective on autism intervention and physical activity. The book is relevant to all professionals and researchers working with persons with autism, including psychiatrists/psychologists, speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, teachers, nurses and care workers.

Author : Tesfaye B. Mersha,Fasil Tekola-Ayele,Daniel Enquobahrie
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 83 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2022-04-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889747474

Get Book

Genetic and Epigenetic Insights Into the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease by Tesfaye B. Mersha,Fasil Tekola-Ayele,Daniel Enquobahrie Pdf

Author : David D. Eisenstat,Dan Goldowitz,Tim F. Oberlander,Jerome Y. Yager
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 816 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2023-02-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783031207921

Get Book

Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics by David D. Eisenstat,Dan Goldowitz,Tim F. Oberlander,Jerome Y. Yager Pdf

This book explores the interrelationship of genetics, the environment, or both, in the causation of three neurodevelopmental disorders: autism/autism spectrum disorder (ASD), fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), and cerebral palsy (CP). It links common clinical problems in developmental pediatrics and pediatric neurology to current concepts and translational research advances in developmental neurosciences, medical genetics, and related disciplines. The first section of the book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of development of the brain, including topics such as neuronal stem cells, epigenetics, and the influence of the prenatal environment. The next three sections analyze the epidemiology, diagnosis, interventions, and controversies and research directions associated with each of the three neurodevelopmental disorders. It also examines co-morbidities common to all three disorders, such as disturbed sleep, seizures, behavioral disorders, and pain. It concludes by highlighting the impact of ASD, FASD, and CP on family dynamics and provides tools and resources based on foundational concepts such as neuroethics, bioinformatics, community engagement, and advocacy. Learning objectives, key points, clinical vignettes, and multiple choice questions are incorporated throughout the book. With its comprehensive treatment of disease mechanisms, genetics, and pathophysiology associated with these disorders and its discussion of potential therapies and novel treatments, Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics: Genetic and Environmental Influences is an essential resource for developmental pediatricians, child neurologists, fellows, residents and graduate students.